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Biomedical subjects

S E Wooley

Publications and source records attributed to S E Wooley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Some data on urinary stones which were passed.

Out of a group of 979 patients with urinary calculi, 175 had passed their stone(s). Comparison of data for stones which had been passed with data for the whole group shows many significant differences. Calculi composed entirely of calcium oxalate are more likely to be expelled than any other composition variety. The chance of this happening is 1 in 3 and it is even higher when the person is under 50 years of age. The probability of calculi composed of calcium oxalate+calcium phosphate being expelled is 1 in 5 and this also increases for younger patients. Infection stones consisting of calcium phosphate+struvite have only 1 in 19 chance of being passed. Many of the stones passed (130) are under 0.10 g in weight. However, there is a similar relationshp between composition and weight among both the stones that were passed and the whole group. In both groups, pure oxalate stones are the lightest, infection stones are the heaviest and stones composed of calcium phosphate and calcium phosphate+calcium oxalate are of intermediate weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

The sequential deposition of crystalline material in gallstones: evidence for changing gallbladder bile composition during the growth of some stones.

Determination of the sequential deposition of crystalline compounds in a representative collection of gallstones from 578 patients has shown that a change in composition of gallstones containing both cholesterol and calcium salt(s) has frequently occurred during growth. Generally a central stone area composed of one of these types of compound is surrounded by outer layers formed of a mixture of both, or vice versa. In a few stones, however, there is a change from one type of compound to the other occurring in successive layers. Both in stones containing cholesterol and calcium salt(s) and in those consisting entirely of calcium salt, there is often also a change in the type of calcium salt present. Such changes provide indirect evidence of changes in gallbladder bile composition during growth of stones, the origin and mechanism of which are not understood.

Bile↗
PubMed1974

The organic matrix of gallstones.

Dissolution of gallstones consisting of cholesterol, calcium carbonate, or calcium phosphate in different solvents left an amorphous organic gel-like substance (the matrix). Matrix from cholesterol stones could be colourless but was usually orange, yellow, or brown while that from calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate stones was almost invariably coloured black or dark brown. These pigments were also shown to be organic and amorphous. The amount of matrix present and its structure varied with the texture of the crystalline material. Irrespective of their composition, laminated pieces of material yielded compact laminated matrix of the same shape as the original piece and areas of loose crystalline material gave small pieces of non-cohesive matrix. Only large cholesterol crystals which usually radiate from the stone nucleus had no associated matrix.

Bile Pigments↗
PubMed1973

The nature and incidence of gallstones containing calcium.

The crystalline constituents of gallstones determined by x-ray powder diffraction can be broadly classified as cholesterols and calcium salts. On this basis there are three main types of stones consisting of cholesterol, calcium salts, and mixtures of these. In a study of the composition of 481 gallstones from 11 countries, the percentage incidence of each was 59.9, 13.1, and 27.0 respectively. The presence of calcium compounds in 40.1% of the calculi showed the importance of these constituents in the nucleation and/or growth of many specimens. Men are just as likely as women to form stones consisting entirely of calcium salts, but female patients outnumber males by about 3:1 for both calculi of cholesterol and those of cholesterol with calcium salts. A description is given of the appearance, texture, and structure of calcium-containing stones subdivided according to the calcium salt(s) present.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1971

A statistical survey of the composition of gallstones in eight countries.

The crystalline composition of gallstones from Australia, England, Germany, India, Kuwait, South Africa, Sweden, and the USA has now been determined by the x-ray powder method. Eleven compounds were identified. The three cholesterols-cholesterol monohydrate, anhydrous cholesterol, and cholesterol II-account for 71% of the total crystalline material in the stones; the calcium carbonates-vaterite, aragonite, and calcite-contribute 15%, and calcium palmitate contributes 6%. Smaller amounts of apatite, sodium chloride, whitlockite, and alpha-palmitic acid were also found. The composition distribution in each country is significantly different. Gallstones from Germany, Sweden, and Australia are the most similar. Gallstones from England have significantly more carbonate, and stones from South Africa have much less cholesterol and more calcium phosphate and calcium palmitate. Stones from Kuwait have a large amount of calcium palmitate and those from India an excess of calcium phosphate. The composition of stones related to the age and to the sex of a patient shows that although there are no significant differences in composition for patients under and over the age of 50 there are differences in the stone composition related to the patient's sex. Female patients form much more cholesterol while males form much more calcium palmitate and slightly more calcium carbonate. The differences also exist for female and male patients over and under 50 years of age. A study of the texture and orientation of the crystalline material in the gallstones has shown that anhydrous cholesterol and cholesterol monohydrate can occur as single crystals oriented with respect to the nucleus whereas other stone components are disoriented crystallites.

Age Factors↗