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Biomedical subjects

S Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to S Edwards.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A study of the predominant genotypes of bovid herpesvirus 1 found in the U.K.

The genotypic classification of 84 U.K. isolates of bovid herpesvirus 1 was determined by the restriction endonuclease technique. Preliminary studies with six enzymes (EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, BamHI, PstI and BstEII) showed that the principal genotypic variants, including the live vaccine strains used in the U.K., could be identified from the digestion patterns with just two endonucleases: HindIII and HpaI. Isolates from the 1960s were all categorised as genotype 2b. From 1977 onwards, genotype 1 has predominated in mainland Britain, with occasional type 2b isolates. Type 2b viruses were isolated from both respiratory and genital disease cases. There was no evidence of genotypes 2a or 3 in the U.K.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Round table on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus infection diagnosis and control.

The current situation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis infection in various European countries is reviewed. Whilst some have a high serological prevalence and use live virus vaccines to control the disease, others have a low prevalence and two countries (Denmark and Switzerland) have national eradication schemes which are almost complete. Serology remains important for diagnosis although other tests such as delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity may have a role to play. New tests such as polymerase chain reaction may find increasing application where high sensitivity is required, such as the detection of virus in semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Age-related differences in cardiovascular reactions to mental stress tests in women.

Tested 84 healthy, sedentary women in the laboratory during performance of difficult and easy problem-solving tasks. They were divided into three age groups: 19 to 32 years, 33 to 43 years, and 44 to 60 years (n = 28 women per group). Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure increased with age, whereas skin conductance level was lower in older women. In addition, initial SBP reactions to tasks were positively related to age, even after controlling for baseline blood pressure, aerobic fitness, and Framingham Type A Scale behavior scores. There were no differences in heart rate (HR) or "additional" HR reactions, so the anticipated decline in cardiac sympathetic response with age was not observed. The mechanisms underlying age-related reactions to mental stress are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The relationship of DNA double-strand break induction to radiosensitivity in human tumour cell lines.

Recent data suggest that the differences in radiosensitivity between cell lines can be related to differences in dsb induction (Radford 1986a). In the light of this we have set out to assess the extent to which differences in radiation survival between human tumour cell lines can be attributed to differences in dsb induction. For nine human tumour lines survival was assayed by clonogenic assay and compared with dsb induction by irradiation at ice-bath temperature as measured by neutral filter elution. The lines varied widely in their sensitivity, ranging from a sensitive neuroblastoma (surviving fraction at 2 Gy, SF2 = 0.13) to a resistant bladder carcinoma (SF2 = 0.62). Dsb induction was found to vary between the cell lines, such that resistant cells generally suffered less damage than sensitive ones. However, the relationship between damage induction and cellular sensitivity was not a simple one, and other factors which may influence sensitivity need to be invoked. These data suggest that, in human tumour cell lines, differences in radiosensitivity may at least in part be due to different levels of damage induction, but that some lines may vary in their tolerance of damage due to differences in biological characteristics such as repair capacity.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1990

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica--a report of three cases and review of the literature.

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH) is a term that was first introduced by Badham in 1967 to describe a bullous disorder in which recurrent oral blood blisters appear in the absence of any identifiable systemic disorder. The aetiology of this condition remains obscure. Three cases are described, and their similarities and differences discussed. In one case the histopathology showed an intradermal blister; this feature has not previously been recorded for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Aerobic fitness, physical activity, and psychophysiological reactions to mental tasks.

The association between aerobic fitness, exercise, and psychophysiological reactivity was assessed in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Seventy-five healthy but sedentary adults carried out a sub-maximal exercise test and easy and difficult problem solving tasks. Blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance level, respiration rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were monitored and additional heart rate was also computed. Differences between relatively fit and unfit individuals were found in respiration rate during tasks and in skin conductance level during post-task recovery periods, with a tendency toward diminished heart rate reactivity in fitter people. Subjects were subsequently allocated to four conditions: high intensity aerobic training, moderate intensity aerobic training, an undemanding strength and flexibility program (designed as an attention-placebo condition), and waiting list control. Training programs were conducted over a 10-week period, and were followed by a second laboratory session. Appropriate changes in aerobic performance over the training period were observed in the 12-min run/walk test. There were no important modifications in psychophysiological stress reactions associated with the different experimental conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the literature concerning the effects of fitness and physical activity on physiological response patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The diagnosis of bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease in cattle.

Laboratory diagnostic procedures for bovine virus diarrhoea and mucosal disease are reviewed. For serology, emphasis is placed on the virus neutralisation test and enzyme immunoassays. The techniques and the pitfalls which may be encountered in culture procedures for isolation of the virus are described, with special reference to the use of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods for the detection of non-cytopathogenic virus strains. Viral antigen may also be detected directly in clinical or pathological samples. Monoclonal antibodies are expected to play an increasing role in diagnostic tests, and the application of gene probes for virus detection is anticipated in future years. In the interpretation of diagnostic laboratory test results, the importance is stressed of reviewing them in the context of the herd disease and breeding history, and relating them to current understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A blocking ELISA to differentiate hog cholera virus antibodies in pig sera from those due to other pestiviruses.

The blocking ELISA technique was extended to comparative serology by using 3 different pestivirus strains: Hog cholera virus (HCV) Alfort strain propagated in PK15 cell line, Border disease virus (BDV) Aveyron strain in PK15 and BVD NADL** strain in fetal calf kidney (FCK) primary cells. Rabbit antisera to the Alfort HCV strain and Aveyron BDV strain were raised for use in the test. A bovine hyperimmune serum to BVD virus was also used for detecting antibodies specific to BVD virus. The ELISA was compared with the neutralisation test on various groups of field and experimetnal porcine sera. The results obtained with the ELISA were well correlated with the neutralisation test. Therefore the ELISA may be recommended as a differential serological test between HCV and other pestivirus antibodies in pig sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic comparisons of hog cholera virus isolates from Europe, America and Asia using monoclonal antibodies.

Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with specificity for hog cholera virus (HCV) were prepared. They were used in an immune binding (peroxidase linked) assay to determine the reaction patterns of HCV isolates from Europe, Brazil, USA, Japan and Malaysia, as well as laboratory reference strains of the virus. A further panel of 17 MAbs raised against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was included in the study, together with 5 MAbs raised against a non-HCV pestivirus of porcine origin. All the MAbs were also tested against representative strains of BVDV and border disease virus. Six MAbs were HCV-specific, reacting with all isolates of HCV and none of the ruminant viruses. Among the other HCV MAbs geographical variation in reaction patterns was observed. There was evidence of antigenic distinction between recent European isolates, and archive material originally isolated more than 10 years ago.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enhancing the success of NCLEX-RN retesters.

The widely recognized shortage of nurses, together with uncertain trends in nursing school enrollments, poses a dilemma for the health care industry. This dilemma is aggravated by the loss from the work force of graduate nurses who fail the registered nurse licensure examination. Employer institutions fail to reap the benefits of expensive recruiting and orientation, the graduate nurses face a personal and professional crisis, and a shadow is cast over their nursing school. Out of mutual concern, a tertiary care hospital and its affiliated university school of nursing collaborated to develop a model for a clinically based remedial program to increase the likelihood of passing a licensure retest. Developmental aspects and advantages of this model are described. Issues for consideration prior to implementation of such a program are discussed.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: comparison of reflux scintigraphy with endoscopy biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring.

In a study designed to evaluate reflux scintigraphy in 79 patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease, quantitated reflux scintigraphy was found to have predictive values of 73% in detecting reflux as judged by esophageal pH monitoring, of 63% in detecting esophagitis as judged by esophagoscopy and biopsy, and of 77% in detecting the presence of either esophagitis or reflux. However, its sensitivity was only 48, 58 and 42%, respectively. Gastro-esophageal reflux scanning has little value in the routine clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease, but none of the other tests (biopsy, endoscopic appearances of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring) were sufficiently specific to be taken as a sole diagnostic criterion ("gold standard"). Investigation of gastro-esophageal reflux disease could probably best be limited to endoscopy (especially to detect ulceration or metaplasia and to exclude neoplasia) with 24 hour pH monitoring in addition for those patients with suspected reflux disease but negative endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Class II restriction in mice to the malaria candidate vaccine ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) as synthetic peptides or as expressed in recombinant vaccinia.

The immune response to three peptides corresponding to the repeat regions of the malaria candidate vaccine ring infected E surface Ag (RESA) were studied. Both antibody responses and lymphocyte stimulation in mice injected with these peptides without carrier were found to be restricted to certain MHC class II haplotypes. Mice bearing IAk were strong responders to all three peptides. Mice bearing IAd were strong responders only to the 3' repeat peptides, the octamer and tetramer. Mice bearing Is or Iq did not respond to any repeat peptides. Remarkably, the pattern of genetic restriction of the antibody response to the entire RESA as expressed in vaccinia indicated that there were no other epitopes besides the three repeats. Because only one class II haplotype (i.e., k) out of five tested responded strongly to this peptide and only two out of five (i.e., k and d) responded to the octamer or tetramer, it may be difficult to achieve a good immune response against RESA in most or all humans.

Animals↗