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Biomedical subjects

S Endo

Publications and source records attributed to S Endo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparison of coronary responses to intracoronary and intraaortic ergonovine and isosorbide dinitrate in patients with atypical chest pain.

Fifty patients with atypical chest pain were studied to compare coronary responses to intracoronary and intraaortic ergonovine. The diameters of the proximal, middle (1) and (2) (proximal segments of segments 2 and 3 [AHA classification], respectively), and distal segments of the right coronary artery were measured before and after intracoronary ergonovine (4 micrograms/minute over 4 minutes) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (2 mg) in 24 patients, and before and after intraaortic ergonovine (0.2 mg) and ISDN (5 mg) in 26. Mean vasoconstriction by intracoronary and intraaortic ergonovine were 13 +/- 1.5% and 9 +/- 0.8%, respectively (p < 0.02). Irrespective of the methods of administration, the responses to ergonovine were similar in the 4 segments. Mean vasodilation by intracoronary and intraaortic ISDN, which were used to quantify the degree of basal coronary tone, were 25 +/- 2.2% and 27 +/- 1.5%, respectively (p = not significant [NS]). There were significant negative linear correlations between the responses to ergonovine and ISDN in the middle (2) (r = -0.51; p < 0.05) and distal (r = -0.53; p < 0.01) segments in patients with intracoronary injection, and the proximal (r = -0.41; p < 0.05), middle (1) (r = -0.66; p < 0.01) and middle (2) (r = -0.69; p < 0.01) segments in patients with intraaortic injection. These observations indicate that low-dose administration of intracoronary ergonovine produces sufficient coronary vasoconstriction, similar to or slightly greater than that of intraaortic ergonovine in patients with atypical chest pain, but basal coronary tone may influence the vasoreactivity to ergonovine.

Aorta↗
PubMed1992

1H NMR study on the conformation of bacitracin A in aqueous solution.

The conformation of bacitracin A, a widely used cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic in aqueous solution, has been investigated using 500 MHz 1H NMR and molecular modeling. Findings revealed that a region (residues 1-6) is folded over the cyclic ring, resulting in metal coordination sites, a thiazoline ring, and Glu4 and His10 being proximate to each other.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Changes in the cerebral vascular bed in experimental hydrocephalus: an angio-architectural and histological study.

The angio-architectural and histological changes of small cerebral blood vessels in experimental hydrocephalus were studied to assess the changes of the vascular bed in the cerebral mantle. Change of the microvasculature assessed from microcorrosion casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the histological changes shown by light and electron microscopy were compared before and after shunting for hydrocephalus. The changes of the rCBF were also evaluated by the hydrogen clearance method. In hydrocephalus, a reduction in the number and caliber of the capillaries was noted in both the white and gray matter in the SEM study, but the capillaries were preserved and changes were mild and nonspecific in the electron microscopic examination. Shunting resulted in the reversal of all these changes to normal along with recovery of the rCBF, which had decreased in hydrocephalus. These observations suggest that changes of the vascular bed participate in the alteration of cerebral mantle width in the hydrocephalic process, and that the changes of the microvasculature result not only from damage to the capillaries themselves but also from changes of the perivascular structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of murine cell lines from diethylstilbestrol-induced uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Neonatal treatment with estrogens is associated with development of uterine adenocarcinomas in CD-1 mice. Treatment with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on Days 1 to 5 after birth results in 90% incidence of these hormone-dependent lesions in 18-mo.-old mice. Three cell lines were established from these DES-associated tumors. Each of these cell lines exhibited morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of transformed epithelial cells, including an increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, enlarged and irregular nuclei with multiple nucleoli and areas of chromatin condensation, positive staining for cytokeratin, desmosomes, and microvilli. After subcutaneous injection into nude mice, all three cell lines formed solid tumors within 4 wk. Although the primary uterine tumors and tumor transplants in nude mice had been shown to be estrogen-dependent and estrogen-receptor positive, neither the monolayer growth nor the tumorigenicity of any of the three cell lines in this study was enhanced by or dependent on estrogen. Estrogen receptor levels were low in early and intermediate passage cells. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of PCR-amplified cell line DNA revealed no point mutations in the 12th, 13th, or 61st codons of the K-ras or H-ras protooncogenes. Southern analysis revealed no changes in genomic organization of the putative tumor suppressor gene DCC, but demonstrated a three- to four-fold amplification of the c-myc gene in one cell line. Expression of c-myc RNA was concomitantly increased in the same cell line. These three transformed cell lines represent the end point in the process of hormone-associated tumorigenesis and as such should prove useful in investigating the molecular changes and the mechanisms involved in hormonal carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Are plasma endotoxin levels related to burn size and prognosis?

Plasma endotoxin concentrations were determined in 42 patients with burns covering more than 20 per cent of the body surface area, using the endotoxin-specific Endospecy assay and treatment of plasma by a new method developed by ourselves. The normal endotoxin level was 9.8 pg/ml or less. In the early period after injury when no infection was present, very few patients had an endotoxin level above 9.8 pg/ml and endotoxin levels did not correlate with the area of the burns or with prognosis. However, later in the clinical course, endotoxin levels were correlated significantly with the burned area and with the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in monkeys.

To investigate cerebral injury in the monkey due to transient ischemia, monkeys were each subjected to temporary occlusion of eight (bilateral common carotid, internal and external carotid, and vertebral) major arteries. After 0 (control), 5, 10, 13, 15, and 18 min occlusion, blood flow was restored. The monkeys were sacrificed by perfusion fixation 5 days after the operation, and all brain regions were then histologically examined for ischemic neuronal changes induced by the occlusion. The amplitude of EEG signals from skull and scalp became almost isoelectric within 1-6 min after the onset of occlusion. The EEG signals from the hippocampus were markedly attenuated within 1-4 min, although they did not become completely isoelectric. Blood pressure was significantly increased after 10-min ischemia. Five-min occlusion produced no ischemic neuronal changes except a slight increment of glial cells in the striatum and III, V, and VI layers of the neocortices. After 10- to 15-min occlusion, there were ischemic cell changes restricted exclusively to the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Eighteen-min occlusion produced more prominent ischemic neuronal damage in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, but ischemic neuronal damage was no longer confined to the hippocampus. These results suggest that only the CA1 subfield of the monkey hippocampus could be damaged by mild ischemic insult. We demonstrate that the limited lesion of the hippocampus, especially the CA1 subfield, after 10- to 15-min occlusion of eight arteries in the monkey, produces a model equivalent to human amnesia caused by transient ischemic insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Electrophysiological study on hydranencephaly.

An electrophysiological study was performed on 2 children with hydranencephaly diagnosed by CT and/or MRI. Case 1 was a 4-month-old boy who had no rostral tissues above the midbrain. Case 2 was a 5-year-old boy in whom CT showed retention of the thalamus. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in both cases exhibited the absence of cortical activity (N1 and P4) with the preservation of waves of brain stem origin. However, in case 1, wave component No was not observed, while No was seen in case 2. It was postulated, thus, that the No component of SSEP on median nerve stimulation in children, which corresponds to N16 in adults, may originate in the thalamus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Preparation of antibodies to beta subunits of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors.

Antisera were produced in rabbits against synthetic peptides based on two regions of the cDNA sequence of the beta 1 subunit of bovine gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors. The deduced amino acid sequences were similar in other beta subunits of bovine, rat, and chick receptors, predicting cross-reactability with all beta subunits. One antiserum (anti-beta e) was raised against an extracellular moiety near the invariant disulfide loop thought to be located near the neurotransmitter binding domain; the other (anti-beta c) was raised against an intracellular moiety containing a consensus sequence for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of a serine residue. Predicted secondary structures suggested high potential immunogenicity for the chosen antigen peptides. Both antisera at high dilutions recognized the same polypeptide bands on western blots of GABAA receptors purified from three regions of bovine brain (four bands at 57, 54, 53, and 52 kDa in cerebral cortex) but fewer bands (57, 54, and 52 kDa) in hippocampus and cerebellum (one major band at 54 kDa, traces at 57 and 53 kDa). This is consistent with the presence of multiple beta subunits whose expression varies with brain region, as shown by molecular cloning. The anti-beta c antibody was able to immunoprecipitate purified GABAA receptor [3H]-muscimol binding, 87% in bovine cortex and 75% in total rat brain; the anti-beta e was unable to immunoprecipitate any antigen. These antibodies indicate a region-dependent heterogeneity of beta subunits and should be useful for analyzing structure, function, and localization of GABAA receptor subtypes in brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of neuronal protein phosphatases in Aplysia californica.

Biochemical properties of neuronal protein phosphatases from Aplysia californica were characterized. Dephosphorylation of phosphorylase alpha by extracts of abdominal ganglia and clusters of sensory neurons from pleural ganglia was demonstrated. Type-1 protein phosphatase (PrP-1) was identified in these extracts by the dephosphorylation of the beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase and its inhibition by the protein, inhibitor-2. Type-2A protein phosphatase (PrP-2A) was demonstrated by the dephosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of phosphorylase kinase, which was insensitive to inhibitor-2. As in vertebrate tissues, only four enzymes, PrP-1 (47%), PrP-2A (42%), PrP-2B (11%), and PrP-2C (less than 1%), accounted for all the cellular protein phosphatase activity dephosphorylating phosphorylase kinase. Aplysia PrP-1 and PrP-2A were potently inhibited by okadaic acid, with PrP-1 being approximately 20-fold more sensitive than PrP-2A. By comparison, purified PrP-2A from rabbit skeletal muscle was 15- to 20-fold more sensitive to okadaic acid than PrP-1 from the same source. Only PrP-1 was associated with the particulate fractions from Aplysia neurons, whereas PrP-1 and PrP-2A, -2B, and -2C were all present in the cytosol. Extraction of the particulate PrP-1 decreased its sensitivity to okadaic acid by sixfold, suggesting that cellular factor(s) affect its sensitivity to this inhibitor. In most respects, protein phosphatases from Aplysia neurons resemble their mammalian counterparts, and their biochemical characterization sets the stage for examining the role of these enzymes in neuronal plasticity, and in learning and memory.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Circadian rhythm in patients with hydranencephaly.

Circadian rhythm and sleep were studied in three hydranencephalic infants who were diagnosed on the basis of computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans and electrophysiologic findings. In all three cases, although the active sleep cycle was preserved, quiet sleep decreased and indeterminate sleep increased. The sleep-circadian rhythm was disturbed in all three cases. The hormone secretion rhythm was studied in two cases (cases 1 and 3). In both cases, cortisol secretion showed two or three peaks during the day. In one case (case 3), growth hormone secretion did not show sleep enhancement. Prolactin secretion showed an increase during sleep in both cases. The circadian rhythm of body temperature appeared at 6 months of age and disappeared after 1 year of age in case 1. Case 2 did not show a circadian rhythm of body temperature, but case 3 did at 2 years 6 months of age. However, it was thought that the circadian rhythm of body temperature in case 3 was a false one due to severe opisthotonus. Thus, it is suggested that the development of the circadian rhythm may require the rostral brain structure more than the midbrain and that there may be multiple oscillators in humans.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1992

Ultrastructure of detergent-resistant cytoskeletons in the noncortical domain of sea urchin eggs as revealed by the quick-freeze deep-etch technique.

The ultrastructure of detergent-resistant cytoskeletons in the noncortical cytoplasm of sea urchin eggs was studied by quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy. Two different cytoskeletal organizations were identified in the detergent-treated sea urchin eggs. They were distinguished by the presence or the absence of long actin filaments and probably correspond to the cortex and the noncortical cytoplasm, respectively. The non-cortical cytoplasm was composed of a complex network (designated here as the ground network) of filaments 6 to 13 nm in diameter, that interconnected aggregates of small globular materials, yolk granules and a meshwork of uniform filaments (8-9 nm in diameter). The 6 to 13 nm filaments comprising the ground network were branched and associated with filaments of the same or other sizes, resulting in the formation of an extremely complex network. The meshwork of 8-9 nm filaments was homogeneous in composition and constitutes a novel structure which has not been previously described. The 8-9 nm filaments were connected to one another at their ends, forming a meshwork of polygons. Meshworks, ranging up to 3 microns in diameter, were distributed throughout the non-cortical cytoplasm of the egg. Similar cytoplasmic structures were also observed in fertilized eggs.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Wegener's granulomatosis in a patient with a rheumatoid arthritis.

A 38-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who developed Wegener's granulomatosis is described. Wegener's granulomatosis appeared with saddle nose, perforation in her nasal septum, and granuloma in the nasal cavity. Laboratory evaluation showed a positive rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complex. Radiographic examination revealed ankylotic changes in both wrist and elbow joints. Bilateral anosmia and other disease manifestations completely responded to treatment with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Etiological evaluation of dural arteriovenous malformations of the lateral and sigmoid sinuses based on histopathological examinations.

Controversy persists concerning the pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) and whether they are congenital or acquired. Furthermore, it remains undetermined whether the lesion is located in the sinus itself or within the sinus wall. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of dural AVM's of the lateral and sigmoid sinuses, histopathological profiles of this disease were studied in serial sections of completely resected lesions from three patients. The essential lesion was histologically confirmed to be a dural arteriovenous fistula within the wall of the venous sinuses. The etiology process of this disease and its progression were evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Two types of septic shock classified by the plasma levels of cytokines and endotoxin.

We investigated plasma levels of cytokines and endotoxin in septic shock to clarify the roles of various cytokines in this type of shock. Endotoxemia was observed in 16 of 22 septic shock patients. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) IL-2, and IL-6 were significantly higher in septic shock than in sepsis without shock. Strong correlations were noted between TNF-alpha and IL-2 levels and between IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels. Patients with high TNF-alpha and IL-2 levels also showed endotoxemia. We defined two types of septic shock from these data, i.e., endotoxin+TNF-alpha + IL-2 shock and IL-beta + IL-6 shock. In the former type, high TNF-alpha and IL-2 levels were present before the onset of shock, and shock itself was associated with endotoxemia. The second type showed simultaneous elevation of IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels at the onset of septic shock, and endotoxin was detected in some of them. These results suggest that endotoxin and extremely high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-2, or the simultaneous elevation of IL-1 beta and IL-6, are related to the onset of septic shock.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) with 27 residues. Conformation determined by 1H NMR and CD spectroscopies and distance geometry in 25% methanol solution.

The conformation of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide with 27 residues (PACAP27) has been determined by two-dimensional NMR and CD spectroscopies and distance geometry in 25% methanol. Residues 9-20 and 22-25 have well-defined conformations but other residues do not show ordered conformations. The conformation of residues 9-20 is composed of three distinct regions of beta turn-like conformation (residues 9-12), alpha helix (residues 12-14) and the looser helical conformation (residues 15-20), while residues 22-24 form alpha helix. PACAP27 has a 2 helices separated by a disordered region similar to a VIP analog reported by Fry et al. but is distinct from the VIP analog in the position of the first helix, which is shifted by 2 residues toward the C-terminus, and in the form of the second helix [Fry, D.C., Madison, V.S., Bolin, D.R., Greeley, D.N., Toome, V. and Wegrzynski, B.B. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2399-2409].

Amino Acid Sequence↗