[The cardiovascular effects of fish oil].
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Cardiovascular Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
S Engel
Publications and source records attributed to S Engel.
Community activism relating to a cluster of breast cancer.
In 1985, residents of a suburban community in South Florida became concerned when several young women were diagnosed with breast cancer. First as individuals, then through a community-based effort, they attempted to gain attention and action on what they believed to be a cluster of breast cancer. Through their efforts to find out whether some agent or toxic exposure existed in the community that might have caused breast cancer, the women formed a community-based organization. This paper describes the activism of the women to resolve the issue through an epidemiologic study of the breast cancer occurrence in their community. Furthermore, it substantiates the need and role of rational community response in resolving community threats and concerns.
Adult↗
Assessment of nutrition care provided to patients with diabetes in primary-care clinics.
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Diabetes Mellitus↗
Thermogenesis of white adipocytes: a novel method allowing long-term microcalorimetric investigations.
A microcalorimetric method was developed to facilitate long-term assessment of energy balance in isolated fat cells. White rat adipocytes were primary cultured in glass ampoules with a matrix of agar-gel. Heat production was measured continuously over 3 days with an LKB BioActivityMonitor. In order to assist interpretation of the microcalorimetric measurements, glucose consumption and lactate and pyruvate production were determined in parallel cultures. Heat production, glucose consumption and lactate production were in an apparent steady state throughout the study whether employing aerobic (94 pW, 0.50 and 0.44 pmol/cell. h, respectively) or partial anaerobic experimental conditions (39 pW, 0.41 and 0.57 pmol/cell.h, respectively). However, oxygen availability influenced the apparent heat production and glucose and lactate metabolism. With partial anaerobiosis a 59% lower heat production, an 18% lower glucose consumption and a 30% higher lactate production than by employing aerobic experimental conditions were observed.
Adipose Tissue↗
Pregnancy by gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) with sperm aspirated from the vaso-epididymal junction of spinal injured man: case report.
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Adult↗
Metaphor and psychotherapy.
The authors describe the role of metaphor in the theory and practice of psychotherapy. Metaphors are considered fundamental elements of our worlds of language and concepts and not just figures of speech, poetic devices, parables, or creative ways to make interpretations. Metaphors shape the process of therapy by structuring the therapist's perceptions, stance, and attitude. They also organize the way problems are discussed as well as the solution that are seen as effective. The authors review the literature on metaphor in psychotherapy and explore common psychotherapeutic metaphors such as "psychotherapy is war," "the mind is a brittle object," "the conduit metaphor," and a variety of somatic metaphors. They conclude with a discussion of how metaphors function in the process of psychotherapy.
Humans↗
The epidemiology of cancer among Hispanic women. The experience in Florida.
To explore cancer incidence among Hispanic women living in Dade County, Florida, data were analyzed from the statewide cancer registry. For all but three sites, Hispanics had lower rates of the 15 most prevalent cancers than non-Hispanics. However, higher rates of cancer among Hispanics were noted for cancers of the gallbladder, liver, and heart and soft tissue. Subgroups of women had significantly higher rates of cervical cancer and thyroid cancer. Lower rates among Hispanics were observed for cancers of the esophagus, vagina, breast, colon, buccal cavity and pharynx, and malignant melanoma. These data suggest that most cancer sites traditionally higher among US Latino women were not higher among Dade Hispanics, and that sites more common among non-Hispanics have not yet shown an increased incidence among Hispanic women in Dade County.
Aged↗
[Serum enzymes in grade I hypertensive patients before and following a change in nutrition in relation to polyene acid and electrolyte content].
In patients with mild hypertension the blood pressure reduction through n-3 fatty acids can be improved by an additional increase of the potassium intake. Metabolic processes can be followed up by determinating serum enzymes. By an additional daily intake of 200 g fish for 14 days the metabolism is hardly changed. The increased activity of the transaminases after diet is probably a consequence of the increased protein intake.
Adult↗
Epidemiology of cancer among Hispanic males. The experience in Florida.
To assess cancer incidence among Hispanic males in Dade County, Florida, data were analyzed from the statewide tumor registry. For all cancer sites (combined), the age standardized rate among Hispanic males was 308.75 cases per 100,000 person-years, compared with 349.55 among non-Hispanics (standardized rate ratio [SRR] = 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84-0.93). Hispanics experienced significantly greater rates of cancers of the larynx (SRR = 1.58; 1.19-2.09), thyroid (SRR = 3.12; 1.18-8.26), and gallbladder (SRR = 5.45; 1.55-19.15), compared with non-Hispanics, but significantly lower rates of testicular cancer (SRR = 0.17; 0.09-0.37), melanoma (SRR = 0.20; 0.12-0.34), esophagus (SRR = 0.52; 0.49-0.55), stomach (SRR = 0.61; 0.43-0.87), pancreas (SRR = 0.65; 0.45-0.94), kidney and renal pelvis (SRR = 0.68; 0.48-0.97), colon (SRR = 0.79; 0.67-0.94), lung (SRR = 0.82; 0.73-0.94), and Kaposi's sarcoma (SRR = 0.03; 0.00-0.25). These data suggest that Dade Hispanic males have not experienced the cancers traditionally elevated among US Latinos, or those common among non-Hispanics.
Adult↗
[Forensic value of morphologic-morphometric sperm differentiation in the study of stains. II: Use in criminal practice].
On the basis of the results gained by applying the morphologic-morphometric sperm differentiation in 42 cases of sexual offence 36 individuals could not be excluded as the source of sperm traces (36 criminal offences with 105 sperm traces). Another 100 individuals wer excluded as the source by means of the comparative sperm test. The influence of exogenic and endogenic factors on the sperm image has been discussed, especially in the context of the criminal orientated problem. Thus, possible changes of the analysable sperm image may be recognized in the ejaculate and, consequently, in the sperm trace in time relation to the effect of a harmful event only after several weeks up to months.
Humans↗
Resection arthroplasty: middle- and long-term results.
Conclusions on results after resection arthroplasty were made by analyzing patient records with regard to completed questionnaires. Sixty-four patients were followed up for 2.1-15.9 years postoperatively. The indications for explanation were septic or aseptic loosening with extensive bony destruction. The average age of the patients was 69.7 years. A specially prepared questionnaire summarized each patient's condition at that time. Twenty-five patients had no discomfort in the operated hip: 25 others reported occassional mild pain during increased strain, and six patients complained of constant pain. All patients were able to walk with aids. In six cases the infection recurred. In summary, we can say that the goal of maintaining an infection- and pain-free hip was achieved in over 90% of cases, but the functional weight-bearing capacity was limited. Resection arthroplasty appears to be a successful treatment; it relieves the patients from pain and infection and can often end a long series of surgical operations.
Arthroplasty↗
Effects of cisapride on ano-rectal sphincter function.
To investigate the effects of cisapride, a motility-inducing agent, on ano-rectal sphincter functions, standard manometry was performed in 10 healthy male volunteers after 5 days on a 20-mg dose of cisapride in a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized crossover fashion. All subjects kept stool diaries during the experiment. Cisapride significantly increased stool frequency by adding soft and liquid stools; in addition, anal resting pressure was reduced with cisapride in seven of the 10 subjects; mean resting pressure decreased by 16%, while all other measurements were not altered. This suggests that cisapride may act directly on the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter. It also supports the view that enhanced defaecation in chronic constipation induced by cisapride may not be achieved by propulsive motor activity in the colon but also by a decreased anal sphincter tone.
Adult↗
[The forensic value of morphologic-morphometric sperm differentiation in trace studies. I: Methods].
Proceeded from examination of sperm samples of 200 men, controls of sperm samples from 81 men during a determined period (5 sperm samples from each man within a period up to 70 days) and in view of trace-conditioned influences, the feasibility of a morphologic-morphometric differentiation of spermatozoa is demonstrated with sperm traces and comparative material. The following items are shown: necessary marginal conditions such as quantity and quality of spermatozoa available, application of the elaborated 37-item spermiocytogram in connection with the introduced indices of identification as well as the observance of a maximum period of 30 days between the formation of a criminologically relevant sperm trace and the separation of comparative samples. The method is used in group identification in terms of criminological identification theory.
Forensic Medicine↗
[Treatment of idiopathic varicocele in children and adults by occlusion of the testicular vein with a detachable balloon].
The results of varicocele treatment by balloon occlusion of the testicular vein in 22 children and 29 adults are compared with the results after operative ligation of the testicular vein in 95 patients. In 6 out of 22 children (27%) the varicocele persisted after balloon occlusion, compared with 3 out of 29 adult patients (10%). These results in adults are comparable to the results after operative ligation of the testicular vein, whereas the complication rate was significantly lower after balloon occlusion in comparison with operative treatment.
Adolescent↗
Verified self-monitored blood glucose data versus glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein as a means of predicting short- and long-term metabolic control in gestational diabetes.
Glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein have been suggested as tools for evaluation of long- and short-term glycemic control, respectively. Twenty-six patients with gestational diabetes were prospectively studied to determine the relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein to metabolic control. To verify the accuracy of blood glucose data, a memory-based reflectance meter was used for subjects with gestational diabetes who tested 6.5 +/- 1 times per day. Our analysis revealed that despite a statistically positive correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated serum protein, and verified data, their use as a clinical tool is limited because of their poor predictability.
Adult↗
Bracing of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures.
A prospective study of the non-operative management of 33 thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations was undertaken examining factors such as duration of bed rest and brace prescription. Outcome was assessed using Frankel's grading system and serial radiological examination. Bed rest for 6 to 8 weeks followed by 16 weeks of immobilisation in a thoraco-lumbar orthosis (either a moulded plastazote lined polythene brace or a Taylor brace) resulted in less than 15 degrees kyphus in 85% of patients and less than 20% kyphus in 94%. One patient with a T12/L1 dislocation who had an early decompressive laminectomy showed persistent instability and required internal fixation. One patient with an L1 fracture who initially wore a Hexalite brace developed late instability (at 12 months after injury) and required spinal osteotomy and fusion. Neurological improvement was observed in 50% of patients, and no permanent neurological deterioration occurred. A non-operative regimen of treatment of fractured thoracic and lumbar vertebrae as described is an alternative to prolonged immobilisation in bed, or early operative fusion.
Braces↗
[Disorders of potency in the male--recent etiologic and diagnostic aspects].
Sexual function is impaired by organic, iatrogenic, or psychic causes. The results of numerous studies recently undertaken revealed that organic, especially vascular causes are more common than thought of before. It may be assumed that sexual dysfunction is caused by arteriosclerosis of the penile arteries alone in about 40% of the patients over 40. In addition, other organic (local, endocrine, neurogenic, a.o.) as well as iatrogenic causes (abdominal or pelvic surgery, side effects of drugs) have been observed. Consequently, the number of cases due to psychic factors is considerably below 50%.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
Photoinactivation of catalase in vitro and in leaves.
Purified catalase from bovine liver and catalase of isolated intact peroxisomes from rye leaves were inactivated in vitro by irradiation with visible light. During photoinactivation the protein moiety of pure catalase was not cleaved; however, the electrophoretic mobility of the native enzyme was decreased, and a major portion of enzyme-bound heme was dissociated. In a suspension of isolated chloroplasts photoinactivation of pure or peroxisomal catalase was mediated by light absorption in the chloroplasts. Both the direct and the chloroplast-mediated photoinactivation of catalase were affected little by the presence of D2O or superoxide dismutase but were greatly retarded by formate. In isolated peroxisomes substantial photoinactivation of catalase occurred only in the presence of nonphotosynthesizing but not in the presence of photosynthesizing isolated chloroplasts. Substantial and selective photoinactivation of catalase was also observed in vivo when leaf sections from various plant species (rye, pea, sunflower, cucumber, maize) were irradiated with light of high intensity in the presence of the translation inhibitors cycloheximide or 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide, while catalase activity was much less or not affected in 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-treated or untreated control sections. The extent of photoinactivation of catalase in leaves depended on light intensity and also occurred in red light. The results suggest that photoinactivation of catalase generally occurs in leaves under high light intensity, though it is not apparent under normal physiological conditions because it is compensated for by new synthesis. Apparent photoinactivation of catalase has to be regarded as an early indication of photodamage in leaves and conceivably enhances its progress.
Animals↗