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Biomedical subjects

S Engquist

Publications and source records attributed to S Engquist.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes in respiratory tract infections in outpatients.

Sensitivity patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes were studied prospectively in an outpatient population seeking medical advice for respiratory tract infections (RTI) in the Southern parts of Stockholm. In total, 3,214 nasopharyngeal and 1,907 throat swabs were cultured during January-February 1996. 32% of the patients had received antibiotics during the previous year. Reduced penicillin sensitivity in S. pneumoniae was rare (1.3%) and only seen in patients treated with antibiotics during the previous 4 months. Beta-lactamase production in H. influenzae was found in 13.4% of patients who had been treated with antibiotics during the last 4 months and in 7.9% of the others. No resistance (< 1%) to erythromycin was seen in S. pyogenes. In this population-based surveillance, the levels of resistance in common respiratory tract pathogens were thus low and correlated to previous antibiotic treatment. Strict indications for antibiotic treatment in uncomplicated RTI are advocated to maintain a low resistance rate. Penicillin is still the drug of choice in patients without frequent recurrences of RTI in a setting similar to the one studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intraoral ultrasonography in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess.

The diagnosis of quinsy is traditionally established on the basis of clinical observations and sometimes several diagnostic punctures. The present study has focused on the possible usefulness of intraoral ultrasonography (IOU) as a diagnostic tool when a peritonsillar abscess is suspected. The results show that it is possible to demonstrate, with a high degree of accuracy, the presence of an abscess, its volume, location, and its relation to the carotid artery. With this information an exact and safe diagnostic puncture can be performed when necessary and avoided in cases with clinical signs of quinsy with no abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bacteriology of the maxillary sinus in healthy volunteers.

In order to investigate the bacteriology of the healthy maxillary sinus, 12 volunteers were subjected to antral puncture with instillation of sterile saline, followed by aspiration. Maximum efforts were used to obtain aspirates without contamination. None of the aspirates showed bacterial growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Local versus general anaesthesia in tonsillectomy.

Thirty-eight patients, suitable for tonsillectomy under local anaesthesia, were randomized and operated on under either local or general anaesthesia. The following parameters were compared: time in the operating room, duration of the operation, peroperative haemorrhage, number of ligatures required for haemostasis, postoperative haemorrhage, infection and weight loss. Post-operative discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale and a water drinking test. The total consumption of analgesic drugs in the post-operative period was recorded. The investigation shows that tonsillectomy under local anaesthesia, in suitable patients, is a safe alternative to tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia, and that considerable resources can be saved if the operation is performed with local anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bacteria and inflammatory cells in maxillary sinusitis.

A series of maxillary sinus mucosal specimens and a series of smears of retained maxillary sinus secretions were studied with regard to the relationship between bacteria and inflammatory cells in order to illustrate aspects of the inflammatory process and to investigate the cause of mucosal damage in maxillary sinusitis. The results show that the granulocytes in the retained secretions are actively phagocytizing organisms if conditions are favourable for the granulocytes. Such situations are present in mucopurulent secretions but mostly not in strictly purulent secretions. A correlation was found between the presence of large numbers of inflammatory cells and tissue destruction, whereas bacterial invasion of the mucosa was a rare phenomenon and seen only in areas where the epithelial lining was destroyed. This indicates strongly that the mucosal damage in sinusitis is caused by inflammatory cells and not primarily by bacteria.

Granulocytes↗
PubMed1983

Granulocyte proteases in human maxillary sinus secretions.

Retained maxillary sinus secretions from 10 consecutive patients suffering from maxillary sinusitis were studied with regard to proteolytic activity and its possible sources. All secretions were proteolytically active. In 3 purulent secretions the proteolytic activity was of the same magnitude as that of a standard with an excess of pancreatic trypsin. The enzymes responsible for the proteolytical activity were found to be mainly of granulocyte origin, neutrophil elastase, unspecific collagenase and chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CCP).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis.

Some recent studies concerning the pathogenesis of the maxillary sinusitis is surveyed. The importance of normal sinus ventilation for maintenance of a healthy sinus is stressed. It is concluded that granulocytes in the sinus secretion play an important role in the defence of the mucosa against potentially invading bacteria, but that the granulocytes in purulent secretions release proteases in high concentrations causing heavy inflammatory response in the mucosa. It is also concluded that although bacteria only rarely and not invariably invade the mucosa, bacteria in the secretion activate the humoral and cellular defence systems. When the stimuli are strong, the release of granulocyte protease in tissues and secretion can surpass the capacity of the locally available protease inhibitors and tissue destruction will ensue.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic bacteria in maxillary sinusitis.

The anaerobic bacterial flora of purulent maxillary sinusitis was investigated in 30 patients and the different anaerobic species identified and tested with respect to antibiotic susceptibility. Most strains were identified as anaerobic cocci. Non-sporeforming Gram-positive rods and Gram-negative rods other than Bacteroides fragilis were also isolated. The majority of the strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole and chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Report of two cases.

The histories of two patients with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis are reported. In the first case a left hemicolectomy was performed because of suspicion of polyposis coli. The other patients was given symptomatic treatment. Conservative treatment is recommended by most authors, but since the disorder is seldom seen, unnecessary surgery is often performed because of incorrect preoperative diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of drainage in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis.

24 patients with maxillary sinusitis were studied with regard to the effect of therapy. 8 of the patients were treated with a single dose of antibiotics and repeated antral aspirations at close intervals. 16 other patients were treated with repeated aspirations only. In the first group, 'cure', in the sense of freedom from retained secretion, was achieved after 3-5 aspirations within 2-10 hours. In the second group, changes in the proteolytic activity and the concentrations of albumin, IgG, IgM and IgA were followed. In purulent secretions the proteolytic activity was high and the concentrations of proteins were low, whereas the proteolytic activity of the serous secretions was low and the concentrations of proteins of the same magnitude as that of the patient serum. As a result of drainage the proteolytic activity was significantly reduced and the concentrations of proteins significantly increased.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotactic properties of retained maxillary sinus secretions.

The chemotactic activity of 82 aspirated maxillary sinus secretions obtained from 32 sinuses in 29 patients was assayed with a modified Boyden chamber technique. The secretions were also analysed with respect to the proteolytic activity according to a modification of a technique described by Moroz. In only 3 of 24 sinus secretions obtained from untreated patients with purulent or mucopurulent sinusitis, but in 5 of 8 serous secretions from untreated patients with serous sinusitis a chemotactic activity exceeding random migration was found. A high proteolytic activity was found to be incompatible with a high chemotactic activity. Regarding mucopurulent and purulent sinusitis, treatment by repeated antral aspiration resulted in an increase of the proportion of chemotactically active secretions and a decrease of the proteolytic activity. Repeated antral aspirations in patients with serous sinusitis resulted in less uniform changes of the chemotactic activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriology in peritonsillitis.

Abscess material from 10 patients with peritonsillar abscesses was obtained by aspiration. Beside cultures and cultures in the laboratory, were performed 3-26 hours later, as well as routine nasopharyngeal and throat swab cultures. A total of 26 bacterial species were isolated from the abscess material; 19 of these were obligate anaerobes. In 4 patients a pure growth of anaerobes was found. In 3 patients a mixed aerobe/anaerobe flora was obtained. In 3 patients a pure growth of aerobes was found. Beta-hemolytic streptococci groups A and C respectively were isolated from 2 patients, but in pure culture from one patient only. The results of the nasopharyngeal and throat swab cultures showed a poor correlation to the results of cultures on aspirates. Comparison of the results of the bedside inoculation with the results of inoculation in the laboratory showed a moderate loss of bacterial species, viz. 3 of 26. All bacteria studied were susceptible to penicillin V, ampicillin and erythromycin when tested in vitro.

Adolescent↗