Open reduction of a tibial-fibular fracture in a Cynomolgus monkey.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S F Swaim
Publications and source records attributed to S F Swaim.
Chronic problem wounds of dog limbs.
Other dermatoses are capable of affecting the limbs and paws of dogs. One should approach the diagnostic workup of these cases in an organized manner, first obtaining a thorough history and performing a physical examination. A variety of diagnostic tests, including skin scrapings, cytology, fungal cultures, bacterial cultures, hematology, serum biochemical profiles, urinalysis, serology, radiology, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence testing, may be necessary before a definitive diagnosis is reached. Therapy may be surgical, medical, or a combination of both depending upon the etiologic agent.
Animals↗
Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus.
Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were evaluated for fibroblast toxicity on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts, and for bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. The cultured fibroblasts or S. aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to incremental dilutions of 0.5 and 0.0005% chlorhexidine diacetate, 5.0 to 0.05% povidone-iodine, or physiologic buffered saline as a control. To determine survival, fibroblasts were trypsinized and counted; S. aureus colonies were counted on brain-heart infusion agar. Survival for both groups was expressed by calculating the number of living cells in test dilutions as a percentage of the number in control cultures. Fibroblast survival occurred at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.013% and at povidone-iodine concentrations less than 0.5% (p less than 0.05). Significant S. aureus survival (p less than 0.05) was noted at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.05% and povidone-iodine concentrations less than 1.0%. These data showed that all bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were lethal to canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, whereas non-lethal concentrations allowed significant bacterial survival.
Animals↗
Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine on wound healing in dogs.
To correlate the results of an in vitro study with clinical response, the effects of 0.005 and 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate and 0.1 and 1.0% povidone-iodine concentrations on wound healing were evaluated in five beagle dogs. Full-thickness skin wounds (2 X 2 cm) were irrigated once daily for 14 days with the antiseptic solutions or physiologic-buffered saline. Chlorhexidine diacetate 0.05% had significantly more bactericidal activity than povidone-iodine and saline, and both chlorhexidine diacetate concentrations had residual effects 6 hours after irrigation. Neither povidone-iodine nor saline had significant bactericidal activity. The percentages of unhealed wound area and wound contraction were calculated 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. Healed wound area and contraction were similar in wounds treated with chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine. However, wounds treated with chlorhexidine diacetate had more healed wound area on days 7 and 14 and more contraction on days 7, 14, and 21 than saline-treated wounds. At the concentrations tested, chlorhexidine diacetate irrigations provided bactericidal activity and were more beneficial to wound healing than irrigations with saline alone. These results suggest that concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate which are cytotoxic to tissue culture fibroblasts in vitro do not interfere with wound healing in vivo.
Animals↗
Delayed repair of an extensive lip laceration in a colt using an Estlander flap.
A vascularized full-thickness Estlander flap was used to repair a defect involving approximately 40% of the left lower lip of a colt. Postoperative problems were (1) providing nutritional support, (2) minimizing movement at the surgical site, and (3) partial wound dehiscence resulting in a salivary fistula. The surgical site healed well and the colt was left with a fully functional and cosmetic lower lip.
Animals↗
The effects of wound lavage solutions on canine fibroblasts: an in vitro study.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sterile tap water, normal saline, and Ringer's lactate on wound healing in an in vitro model. STUDY DESIGN: The effects of PBS, sterile tap water, normal saline, and Ringer's lactate on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts were determined. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: A primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts. METHODS: The effects of the various lavage solutions were determined by (1) vital staining of the treated cells with a 0.5% trypan blue solution, (2) evaluation of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released by the treated cells, and (3) cytopathologic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained monolayers of treated canine fibroblasts. The cells were exposed to the lavage treatments for the following time intervals: 0.5 minute, 1 minute, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. PBS was used as the control. RESULTS: Sterile tap water significantly damaged canine fibroblasts at all time intervals (P = .05). This was attributed to the alkaline pH, hypotonicity, and presence of numerous cytotoxic trace elements in the tap water used. Cytotoxic effects were noted in fibroblasts after 10 minutes' exposure to normal saline; this may be because of the acidic pH of normal saline and lack of a buffering system. Ringer's lactate did not induce any significant fibroblast injury. CONCLUSIONS: PBS and Ringer's lactate do not induce any significant fibroblast injury, whereas normal saline and sterile tap water cause mild and severe cytotoxic effects in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Further clinical investigation is indicated to establish whether Ringer's lactate is the wound lavage solution of choice compared with normal saline. Sterile tap water may cause considerable fibroblast injury.
Analysis of Variance↗
Evaluation of closed-suction drainage for treating auricular hematomas.
The principal and dynamics of closed-suction wound drainage lend themselves to use on auricular hematomas. This type of drainage was evaluated in the treatment of 10 auricular hematomas on nine animals. Seven animal owners rated the results of the procedure as "good," and two rated them as "fair." The two rating the procedure as having "fair" results owned dogs with allergic dermatitis, and the auricular hematomas recurred. In both dogs, auricular hematomas again recurred after other means of treatment were used. If the pocket for the vacuum tube is not secure and the animal is quite active, or if it molests the bandage, or both, it is possible for the tube to break or the needle to come off of the tubing.
Animals↗
Surgical reconstruction of severe cicatricial ectropion in a puppy.
A three-month-old chow chow mixed-breed puppy was presented with severe cicatricial ectropion of the upper eyelids after being burned maliciously. The burn wounds healed by second intention with contracture, causing eversion, elevation, and immobilization of the upper eyelids. The puppy was unable to blink or close the upper eyelids due to cicatrix (i.e., scar) formation. Surgical repair using tissue-relaxing procedures was successful in reducing corneal exposure and improving the puppy's appearance.
Animals↗
Construction of a weight-bearing surface on a dog's distal pelvic limb.
A one-year-old, neutered female boxer presented with a self-inflicted pandigital amputation following complications of a left hind footpad laceration repair. A meshed skin graft was placed distally over the exposed granulation tissue of the affected limb. In two surgical procedures, a total of five 6 by 8-mm and three 8 by 10-mm digital pad grafts were transplanted into recessed sites in the granulation tissue over the distal aspect of the metatarsal bones. A newly designed pressure relief bandage/ splint was used to assist maturation of the grafts. The result was a weight-bearing surface over an area of maximum tissue stress.
Amputation, Traumatic↗