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Biomedical subjects

S Fauske

Publications and source records attributed to S Fauske.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Electromyographic activation and proportion of fast versus slow twitch muscle fibers: a genetic disposition for psychogenic muscle tension?

17 right-handed males volunteered for an experiment that compared task-related patterns of electromyographic (EMG) activation with data from muscle biopsy on proportion of slow-twitch ((ST) aerobic) to fast-twitch ((FT) anaerobic) muscle fibers. The biopsy was taken from the right-leg gastrocnemius muscle after EMG measurement from that area of the leg muscle. EMG was also recorded from the left forearm flexor carpi radialis area. Recordings were obtained from pre- and post-task resting periods and during 150 s of video-task performance when the right hand operated a joy-stick. The results showed a highly significant tonic EMG activation in the leg muscle of subjects with predominance of ST fibers, and this relationship generalized to the EMG from the 'passive' forearm. The proportion of ST to FT fibers is genetically defined and not altered by exercise. Therefore, our results lend support to a genetic differentiation between individuals with high vs. low probability of unintended build-up of muscle tension during perceptual-motor task performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The process of change--a therapeutic model in alcohol abuse].

Reducing harmful alcohol consumption in the arena of general practice seems to be one of the most important fields in secondary prevention of problem drinking in the society. Physicians have much to learn from psychology in changing patients drinking behaviour. The article presents the process of change model, assisted by using drinking diaries and biomarkers in alcohol-related consultations in general practice.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Women with alcohol problems].

The article discusses differences between male and female alcoholics with respect to clinical symptoms and biochemical markers. 89% of our study group of female alcoholics had pathological values on Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and/or gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GT). 82% of the women reported sleep problems and/or had tobacco-stained fingers. Our findings show less marked differences between male and female alcoholics than previously reported. On the other hand, greater differences were found between earlier and later stage female problem drinkers. These differences are important for the development of new instruments for detecting and managing early stage female problem drinkers.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Identification of patients at risk of alcohol related damage].

Alcohol is clearly underestimated as an etiological factor in clinical medicine. A number of acute and chronic medical conditions are related to alcohol consumption, even when there are no signs of alcohol dependence. This article describes a new screening instrument proposed and developed by the WHO, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), to be used in hospitals and general medical settings. The clinical component of this instrument is based on analyses of regular patients where the level of consumption was used as the dependent variable. This makes it possible to assess the extent and risk of alcohol-related problems without actually discussing alcohol with the patient. The alcohol-specific component can be used for a more detailed exploration of the patient's use of alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Education of medical students in substance abuse].

A substantial amount of resources available to the health services in Norway are spent on alcohol- and drug-related disorders. Physicians play an important role in preventing, diagnosing and treating these disorders. We have reviewed the curricula used at our four Norwegian medical schools for education in this field. The curricula are characterized by lack of specified educational goals and are somewhat limited, seen in relation to the extent of the alcohol- and drug-related problems. With reference to a structured educational programme at Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, we propose a new Norwegian model for alcohol- and drug related medical education. This model focuses especially on early identification of problems and intervention in harmful alcohol consumption.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

[Post-education in clinical problems of narcotics abuse].

Since 1985 the Hjellestad Clinic, in cooperation with the Norwegian Directorate for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, has offered five 40 hour courses a year for primary health care workers in order to provide them with the necessary knowledge dealing with drug- and alcohol-related issues in the local community. The focus is on early detection and simple intervention strategies. Since 1989 on we have offered two additional courses on special topics such as family, drug and alcohol problems, management of drug- and alcohol-related crises in the local community etc. The article discusses a new speciality in the "treatment of addictive behaviours".

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

[Alcohol-related admissions to a district hospital].

This is a retrospective study of alcohol-related admittances to the medical department of Molde District Hospital. All cases with certain diagnoses where alcohol is mentioned as a possible cause were recorded, and compared with a reference group of matched, non-alcohol-related cases. During the period 1980-86, 228 patients were admitted 350 times to the medical wards of the hospital. These patients had a significantly higher number of admittances than the reference patients, both to the medical ward and to other wards. They also had a higher frequency of emergency admittances. The average age of patients admitted for alcohol-related causes was much lower than that of the general patient population. The relative number of recorded alcohol-related admittances to the medical ward increased over the seven year period, from 3.8 to 5.5% for men and from 0.7 to 1.6% for women.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reports from research centres--20. Alcohol research at the Hjellestad Clinic.

Treatment and research efforts at the Hjellestad Clinic are based on a biobehavioural model of the addictions. The treatment program encompasses life-style changes and relapse prevention, and extensive assessment for the purpose of the treatment choices. The clinic is treating nearly 1500 patients a year. Psychological and medical research projects have included experimental drinking studies, psychopharmacological and biomedical studies, treatment evaluations, studies of neuropsychological assessment, studies of personality subtypes, studies of violence related to alcohol and drugs, and investigations of women alcoholics. A new research laboratory houses an experimental bar, and state-of-the-art facilities for psychophysiological and neuropsychological testing. The Hjellestad Clinic is the only Norwegian centre for clinical and experimental research on the addictions from a psycho-physiological as well as behavioral and cognitive perspective. In addition, a national educational program offers theoretical and practical training for professionals and paraprofessionals in the addictions in co-operation with the University of Bergen. Training in the addictions and internships for psychology students at the University of Bergen is provided at the Clinic. The centre has established connections with centres in Scandinavia, England, Canada and the U.S., through visiting scholars and study trips. (The centre has an especially strong liaison with the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.)

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating alcohol and drug prevention strategies and models across cultural boundaries: preliminary report on an ILO/WHO/UNDCP [International Labour Office/World Health Organization/United Nations International Drug Control Program] Interagency Program.

The joint ILO/WHO/UNDCP collaborative program "Prevention of Drug and Alcohol Problems among Workers and their Families" represents transfer of an innovative model to a culturally diverse group of nations: Egypt, Mexico, Namibia, Poland, and Sri Lanka. The concept is to move from reactive programs-led by alcohol and drug experts, reactive to problem employees-to proactive prevention led by management. Nontechnical language and metaphors have been developed to secure the commitment of managers in the private and public sectors. Participating countries and enterprises adapt the program to local conditions, fostering "local ownership" with the objective of creating self-sustaining activities. The objective is to describe elements of the program which may be readily transferable worldwide across the cultural borders that characterize nations, enterprises, and public sector workplaces.

Communication↗