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Biomedical subjects

S Finklestein

Publications and source records attributed to S Finklestein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Blood pressure and arterial compliance in young adults: the Minnesota Children's Blood Pressure Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the relation between blood pressure (BP) and arterial compliance in a healthy sample of young adults. School children (aged 10 to 14 years at entry) were surveyed in 1977 to 1978, and 1,207 were followed once to twice yearly until age 23 years. Arterial compliance was measured in 179 adults at the last follow-up visit. The sample included individuals in the upper tertile of systolic BP during the last three follow-up visits and race- and sex-matched individuals in the lower two tertiles. We obtained radial artery waveforms using a calibrated tonometer device and characterized waveform morphology to determine large artery (C1) and oscillatory (C2) compliance. Blood pressure was measured using random zero sphygmomanometers. The mean and standard deviation of C1 was 2.13 +/- 0.59 mL/mm Hg and of C2 was 0.083 +/- 0.02 mL/mm Hg. Systolic BP was inversely related to C1 (P < .001) and C2 (P < .01) after adjustment for gender, height, weight, insulin, and HDL and LDL cholesterol. After adjustment, a 1 SD change in systolic BP was associated with a -0.30 mL/mm Hg change in C1 and a -.008 mL/mm Hg change in C2. Data from the Minnesota Children's Blood Pressure Study indicate that systolic BP is inversely related to arterial compliance, particularly C1 (the large artery, or capacitive compliance).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis complicating ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Giant cell hepatitis is common in the neonatal period. When present in adults, it is known as postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PGCH). PGCH can arise in the context of viral, drug-related, and autoimmune disorders but, in many other cases, its etiology remains unclear. We report a case of PGCH occurring in the setting of autoimmune hepatitis and ulcerative colitis. This case highlights the close association between PGCH and autoimmune disorders and the need to recognize it as a hepatic complication of inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Basic fibroblast growth factor protects against excitotoxicity and chemical hypoxia in both neonatal and adult rats.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide growth factor that promotes neuronal survival. We recently found that systemic administration of bFGF protects against both excitotoxicity and hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal animals. In the present study, we examined whether systemically administered bFGF could prevent neuronal death induced by intrastriatal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or chemical hypoxia induced by intrastriatal injection of malonate in adult rats and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neonatal rats. Systemic administration of bFGF (100 micrograms/kg) for three doses both before and after intrastriatal injection of either NMDA or malonate in adult rats produced a significant neuroprotective effect. In neonatal rats, bFGF produced dose-dependent significant neuroprotective effects against MPP+ neurotoxicity, with a maximal protection of approximately 50% seen with either a single dose of bFGF of 300 micrograms/kg or three doses of 100 micrograms/kg. These results show that systemic administration of bFGF is effective in preventing neuronal injury under circumstances in which the blood-brain barrier may be compromised, raising the possibility that this strategy could be effective in stroke.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗
PubMed1987

The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 (B-50, F1): neuronal specificity, developmental regulation and regional distribution of the human and rat mRNAs.

The protein that has been designated as GAP-43, B-50, F1 or pp46 is associated with the growth and modulation of neuronal connections. cDNA clones for the rat and human genes were isolated and used to demonstrate that the messenger RNA for the protein is expressed only in neurons, that its overall level is highest in the developing brain, and that in the adult human brain levels of the mRNA are highest in the associative neocortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Covariant defects in visuospatial abilities and recall of verbal narrative after right hemisphere stroke.

Eighteen patients with right hemisphere strokes and 10 age-matched normal controls were tested for visuospatial abilities and for recall of brief narrative passages. Visuospatial and verbal abilities were evaluated using an objective scoring protocol that quantified accuracy in reproducing individual details, appreciation of structural relationships, and the appearance of unwarranted intrusions. The right hemisphere damaged group was found to be impaired on all measures of verbal recall. Across subjects these defects, particularly the inability to abstract information from the narrative passages, correlated with the degree of constructional apraxia. Analysis of CT scans failed to define a discrete region of the right hemisphere selectively associated with either the visuospatial or verbal defects, but indicated that both are exacerbated by the presence of premorbid brain atrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Late changes in cerebral monoamine metabolism following focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical lesions in rats.

Twelve weeks after focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical suction lesions (ca. 12 X 4 mm) were made in rats, concentrations of the monoamines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured in several cortical and subcortical brain regions using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Widespread changes in the concentrations of monoamines, their metabolites, and metabolite:monoamine ratios were found in the hemisphere ipsilateral to unilateral (right) lesions, and bilaterally in animals with bilateral lesions. NE was decreased in undamaged dorsolateral cortex and hippocampus, and tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain ipsilateral to lesions. DA was increased in the hypothalamus of bilaterally lesioned animals, and also tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain. The changes of greatest magnitude and anatomical extent were found in the serotonin system: 5-HT was generally increased, and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the 5-HIAA:5-HT ratio were decreased throughout the cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral to lesions. These widespread changes in cerebral 5-HT metabolism were qualitatively different and smaller than those previously found at 6 days after cortical lesions, and suggest a biphasic response of the ipsilateral 5-HT system to ventrolateral cortical injury.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Effects of N-substituted phenyltetrahydropyridines on cerebral high-affinity synaptosomal uptake of dopamine and other monoamines in several mammalian species.

Effects of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (N-methyl-PTP) and its N-propyl congener (N-propyl-PTP) on the high-affinity uptake of tritiated dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and serotonin by striatal or cerebral cortical synaptosomes were evaluated in several species (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, calf, and man). Both compounds inhibited uptake of 0.1 microM labeled amines at IC50s of 5-10 microM. Effects of N-methyl-PTP were competitive, reversible, somewhat more potent, and more selective for serotonin than were actions of N-propyl-PTP. Similar effects were found in all species. Neither agent inhibited binding of 3H-labeled spiperone or ADTN to DA receptor sites. 3H-N-methyl-PTP did not appear to be taken up selectively into DA neurons. N-methyl-PTP was highly toxic to the rat in doses that did not alter the metabolism of DA or serotonin in brain. These results, overall, do not provide strong support for the hypothesis that reported neurotoxic actions of N-methyl-PTP are mediated by neuron-specific local transport and intracellular accumulation, or account for species differences in the actions of this toxin, but do suggest interactions with brain monoamine neurons. The actions of the neurotoxic effects of N-methyl-PTP remain unclear.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1984

Neonatal tail posture and its relationship to striatal dopamine asymmetry in the rat.

Previous research has demonstrated a link between rotational behavior and striatal dopamine asymmetry in the rat (rats rotate contralateral to the side of higher striatal dopamine concentration) and that the direction of a rat pup's tail posture will predict rotational bias. The present study hypothesized that neonatal tail posture would also predict adult striatal dopamine asymmetry. This hypothesis was confirmed for animals with a left but not right tail posture.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Neurochemical asymmetries in the albino rat's cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens.

The concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the right and left cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens of adult Purdue-Wistar rats. There was more DA in the right cortex and accumbens and a greater concentration of NE in the left striatum. There is more 5-HT in the left striatum and right accumbens, more 5-HIAA in the left cortex, as well as a greater 5-HT turnover in the left accumbens. These results are considered in the light of previous findings concerning the relationship of neurochemical asymmetries and behavioral lateralization.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Positron imaging in ischemic stroke disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is well suited to the study of ischemic stroke disease. It has the potential to help elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms, differentiate viable from nonviable tissue, and provide a more rational basis for developing specific therapies for ischemic lesions. The different tracer strategies that may be applied to the study of ischemic disease, however, all have relative limitations, which may be related to the physical or biological determinants of the tracer distributions, to the tracer half-lives, or to the methods required for quantitation of the data. Determination of blood flow and oxygen metabolism are useful for characterizing stroke lesions, but other parameters, such as the oxygen extraction fraction, blood volume, and glucose metabolism, can provide important interpretative information. Correlation of the physiological PET data with the clinical presentation and course is a primary requisite for the development of the full potential of PET.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in cortical and subcortical levels of monoamines and their metabolites following unilateral ventrolateral cortical lesions in the rat.

Suction lesions were made in the anterior, posterior or both halves of the right ventrolateral cortex in rats. Six days later, levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), and their metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in cortical and subcortical regions of lesioned rats and compared to values in sham-operated animals. NE and 5-HT were decreased in sections of ipsilateral (right) cortex including, and posterior to lesions, while 5-HIAA was increased throughout the ipsilateral cortex. Decreases in monoamines and increases in metabolites and metabolite:monoamine ratios (especially 5-HIAA:5-HT) were found in ipsilateral subcortical structures, including striatum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain and brainstem, depending on the type of lesion. Subacutely, focal ventrolateral cortical lesions may profoundly alter the levels and utilization rates of monoamine neurotransmitters in widespread regions of the ipsilateral hemisphere.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

The predictive power of diagnostic tests and the effect of prevalence of illness.

There is a great interest in the potential usefulness of biomedical tests in psychiatry, but basic statistical principles required for critical evaluation of their value remain poorly integrated into clinical thinking. We developed a useful scheme for organizing clinical test data so as to permit simple calculations of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power of medical tests. Some loss of predictive power is inherent in moving from artificial populations used for test development into more typical clinical settings, where prevalence is usually substantially lower.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Mood, vegetative disturbance, and dexamethasone suppression test after stroke.

Assessments of mood disturbance and "vegetative" (appetite or sleep) disturbance as well as a single-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were carried out in 25 randomly selected stroke patients and in 13 nonstroke control patients hospitalized in a rehabilitation center. Prevalence rates of moderate-to-serve depression of mood and vegetative disturbance were significantly higher in stroke patients than controls (48% and 52% versus 0% and 8%, respectively), as was the prevalence of abnormal DST results (52% versus 8%). Abnormal DST results were associated with the occurrence of moderate to severe mood, appetite, and sleep disturbances among all patients. in 2 stroke patients, repeated DST results paralleled the clinical course. The DST may be useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis and in monitoring the progress of the common and potentially reversible mood and vegetative disturbances occurring after stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Positron brain imaging--normal patterns and asymmetries.

Regional brain physiology was investigated in 11 normal resting right-handed subjects using positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow was studied in all subjects. Cerebral oxygen metabolism was studied in six subjects, and cerebral glucose metabolism was also studied in one subject. In five subjects, physiological activity was higher in left frontotemporal regions than right. These findings may be related to structural cerebral asymmetries or to activation of brain language centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Imaging of acute arterial injury with 111In-labeled platelets: a comparison with scanning electron micrographs.

The relationship between degree of acute arterial injury, extent of platelet deposition, and ability to visualize arterial injury with Indium 111-labeled platelets was studied in 18 rabbits. An aortic lesion was made with a balloon catheter in each animal immediately after injection of autologously labeled platelets. Three nonlesioned rabbits with 111In-labeled platelets served as controls. An additional control study was performed in 12 lesioned rabbits in which nine were injected with 111In-labeled plasma protein and three with 111In-labeled red blood cells. A postmortem scanning electron microscope study of the aortae was made to determine the degree of injury to the intima and the amount of platelet deposition on the damaged arterial wall. The radionuclide scans and scanning electron micrographs were then compared. Lesions were seen in ten of 18 animals with labeled platelets that had extensive regions of denuded endothelium covered by a contiguous layer of platelets. Lesions consisting of patchy deendothelialization and platelet deposition could not be visualized on the scans. Red blood cells and fibrin were not conspicuous on micrographs of the lesions. No lesions were visualized in animals receiving 111In-labeled plasma protein or red blood cells before arterial injury, despite platelet deposition in the lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Delayed psychosis after right temporoparietal stroke or trauma: relation to epilepsy.

We observed acute onset of delayed psychosis in 8 patients 1 month to 11 years after right temporoparietooccipital (TPO) stroke or trauma. The psychotic disorder included hallucinations and, in some patients delusions and agitation. All patients had spatioconstructional difficulties. None had an earlier psychiatric disorder. Seven of eight patients had clinical seizures, often in close temporal relationship to the psychosis. The pathophysiology of the psychosis may be related to that of the epilepsy.

Adult↗