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PubMed1999

Apparatus for studying in vitro drug release from medicated chewing gums.

An apparatus for in vitro drug release testing of medicated chewing gums has been developed and is described in detail. The effects on the drug release when varying critical instrumental settings such as the chewing stroke frequency, the distance between the chewing surfaces, the twisting movements of these surfaces and the temperature of the test medium have been thoroughly investigated. It has been shown that the drug release can be tuned to obtain suitable drug release profiles for a number of products: Nicorette((R)) and Nicotinell((R)) (active substance nicotine), Travvell((R)) (dimenhydrinate), V6((R)) (xylitol) and an experimental formulation containing meclizine. The main usage of the present apparatus should be within quality control but the present study has also shown that it may be employed within development pharmaceutics since useful in vivo/in vitro relationships may be obtained due to the versatile settings of the critical instrumental parameters.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗

PubMed1990

Maternal directive behavior revisited.

A comparative analysis of the directives produced by mothers while interacting with young children with Down syndrome and normally developing children was conducted. The results not only replicated previous findings of increased rates of directives by mothers of children with down syndrome but also identified several qualitative differences in the types of directives produced. Mothers of mentally retarded children produced a high number of requests for their children to perform actions, requested actions that were relatively difficult, and asked their children to attend to information that was not directly related to children's current focus of attention. Results suggest that group differences in maternal directive behavior cannot be explained on the basis of children's behavior but appear to reflect differences in maternal interactive intentions.

Adult↗