[Skin irritation in newborn infants in delivery ward].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Fregert.
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Two cases of contact allergy to lidocaine are reported. They also reacted to chemically related anesthetics of the amide type: one to bupivacaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine and the other to mepivacaine only. The patients also reacted to the chemically nonrelated cincaine, an anesthetic of the ester type. The lidocaine metabolites o-toluidine and mxylidine gave negative reactions.
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Cement dermatitis is connected with chromate sensitivity. It can therefore be expected that "elimination" of chromate in cement would decrease the number of cases of cement dermatitis. Iron sulfate added to cement reduces the chromate completely and the 3-valent chromium is precipitated. An amount of 0.35% (w/w) iron sulfate, FeSO4 . 7H2O, is enough to reduce 20 microgram Cr6+/g cement. There is no technical side effect to the concrete. The iron sulfate is preferably added to cement when there is an intimate contact with skin, e.g. at floor laying, repairs and hand-made casting.
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The chemical ingredients can vary between batches of industrial products. That means that the sensitizing capacity is also variable. This should be considered in taking histories, performing patch testing and analyzing chemicals.
Unlike chromate, cobalt occurring as cobalt oxides in cement is not water-soluble in a detectable amount. Cobalt oxides are to some extent soluble in the presence of amino acids with which cobalt forms complexes. Such complexes can elicit patch test reactions. It is postulated that cobalt is more readily dissolved by forming complexes in eczematous skin than in normal skin. This may explain why cobalt sensitization in cement eczemas is secondary to chromate sensitivity.
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