Biomedical subjects

S Fukayama

Publications and source records attributed to S Fukayama.

117 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[Studies on antimicrobial concentration of clindamycin phosphate in serum, pelvic dead space exudate, and pelvic organs/tissues].

In women undergoing radical and total abdominal hysterectomy, clindamycin phosphate (CLDM-P) in a dose of 1,200 mg was administered by intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour and the drug concentrations in serum and pelvic dead space exudate, as well as pelvic organs/tissues, were determined over time. The following results were obtained: The serum concentration of clindamycin (CLDM) after intravenous infusion showed the peak value of 24.54 +/- 7.02 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and then gradually decreased to 3.87 +/- 0.70 micrograms/ml in 6 hours. Concentration in pelvic dead space exudate, which was 2.82 +/- 3.90 micrograms/ml at the end of intravenous infusion, gradually increased to the peak value of 13.49 +/- 6.62 micrograms/ml in 1 hour. Two hours after infusion, the level of 12.43 +/- 5.56 micrograms/ml outstripped serum concentration. Continuously in excess of serum concentration, the exudate concentration gradually decreased to 6.65 +/- 2.27 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after infusion. Cubital venous serum concentration (16.36 +/- 3.68 micrograms/ml) was almost equal to uterine arterial serum concentration (16.36 +/- 4.05 micrograms/ml) of CLDM at uterine removal. In the pelvic organ/tissue concentrations, 15.71 +/- 3.86 micrograms/g in endometrium was highest, followed by 15.19 +/- 3.80 micrograms/g in oviduct, 14.80 +/- 3.52 micrograms/g in myometrium, 14.74 +/- 4.02 micrograms/g in ovary, 14.09 +/- 2.90 micrograms/g in portio vaginalis. The concentration was lowest (11.49 +/- 1.44 micrograms/g) in cervix uteri. Clinically, combined treatment with CLDM-P and ceftizoxime was excellently effective for endometritis induced by P. asaccharolyticus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[A study of concentration of ampicillin into middle ear effusion after administration of bacampicillin].

We studied the concentration of ampicillin (ABPC) into middle ear effusions after administration of bacampicillin (BAPC). Nine patients with acute purulent otitis media were given orally single doses of the drug at a level of 10 mg/kg, and concentrations of ABPC which is the active antibiotic metabolite of BAPC were determined in middle ear effusions periodically after the administration. Bacteria present in effusions were identified, and their ability to produce beta-lactamase was also determined. ABPC concentrations in middle ear effusions were inversely related to the ability of bacteria detected from the intratympanic cavity to produce beta-lactamase. ABPC concentrations in middle ear effusions from which only beta-lactamase negative organisms were detected were higher by 5.2- and 2.3- fold at 60 and 120 minutes after the administration of BAPC, respectively, than those in effusions from which beta-lactamase positive organisms were detected. ABPC concentrations achieved in middle ear effusions in cases where only beta-lactamase negative organisms were detected exceeded MIC80's of the drug against main causative bacteria of acute purulent otitis media such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae. Because only 10% or less of these species produces beta-lactamase, BAPC appears to be one of the highly effective drugs in the treatment of this disease.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1985

[Study on the drug sensitivity of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Of clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus showing resistance to multiple drugs among penicillins (PCs), cephem antibiotics (CEPs), aminoglycosides (AGs), minocycline (MINO) and fosfomycin (FOM), 64 strains were selected for the determination of MIC. Twenty-one drugs were used for the determination of MIC, with ampicillin (ABPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), cefuroxime (CXM), cefamandole (CMD), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotetan (CTT), cefoperazone (CPZ), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB), tobramycin (TOB), amikacin (AMK), MINO, and FOM. MIC80 of each drug at 10(6) CFU/ml were: ABPC, MCIPC, CEZ, CTM, CXM, CTX, CZX, CMX, CFX, LMOX, CTT, CPZ, GM, DKB and TOB greater than 100 micrograms/ml; CET 50 micrograms/ml; CMD and AMK 25 micrograms/ml; CMZ 12.5 micrograms/ml; FOM 6.25 micrograms/ml; and MINO 0.78 micrograms/ml. The ratio of highly resistant strains with MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml varied according to drug, and a difference tended to be seen in the degree of influence by resistant factors reflected upon MIC, e.g. drugs for which a high resistance of more than 50% was confirmed were ABPC, CXM, CZX, LMOX and TOB, and 20 approximately 30% MCIPC, CTM, CTX, CMX and CFX. MIC on MCIPC which has a correlation of structural activity with methicillin correlated with cephems (CEPs) resistance to a high degree, but many of the so-called new CEPs showed resistance even to the strains with a low MIC on MCIPC. It was assumed that CEPs resistant strains have multiple drug resistant factors based on the fact that such strains showed multiple drug resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1985

[In vitro susceptibilities of causative organisms isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin)].

The in vitro susceptibilities of various causative organisms recently isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (a formulation of amoxicillin, 2 parts, and potassium clavulanate, 1 part), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CDX) and cefroxadine (CXD) were determined. beta-Lactamase producing strains were detected by nitrocefin chromogenic method and PCG acidometric method. The frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase production in strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and K. pneumoniae was 92%, 18%, 36% and 98%, respectively. Against S. aureus strains with MIC values to AMPC of less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of less than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.39-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, while BRL 25000 required 12.5-100 micrograms/ml of concentrations for inhibition of the strains with MIC values to AMPC of greater than 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range less than 0.024-0.10 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which is much more active than CCL, CEX, CDX and CXD and slight less active than AMPC. Against H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.20-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which showed most potent activity among the agents tested. The activity of BRL 25000 against K. pneumoniae was approximately equal to that of CCL and superior to that of AMPC, CEX, CDX and CXD.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1985

[Distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. II].

In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents such as ABPC, SBPC, MPC, CEZ, CTM, CMZ, CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX, CPZ, CFS and GM against major clinical isolates, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa, was examined. In this paper, we will report the susceptibility of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis during a three-year period, 1981 to approximately 1983. CEZ- and GM-resistant S. aureus has markedly increased and occupied 24% and 18%, respectively, in 1983. CMZ and CFS have showed potent activity against CEZ-resistant S. aureus. It seems that the abuse of third generation-cephems and new oral cephalosporins is closely related with the increase of cephems-resistant S. aureus. The penicillin- and cephem-resistant strains of S. pyogenes could not be found in our study. Quite a few strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis are resistant to penicillins, and also there is no appreciable change in susceptibility. Some strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis showed low susceptibility to CPZ, but all strains showed high susceptibility and no change in susceptibility to third generations, and these strains showed no tendency to decrease in susceptibility to GM.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1985

[Study of clinical bacteriological efficacy in a cefmenoxime ototopical solution].

One percent cefmenoxime (CMX) ototopical solution was administered to 302 patients with purulent otitis media and acute diffuse external otitis in open study fashion, and to 216 patients with purulent otitis media in double blind condition. From among the total of 518 cases various bacteria were detected, except 22 of negative detection after incubation and 3 of impossible determination. The main bacteria detected from the above 493 cases were S. aureus (242 strains = 49.1%), P. aeruginosa (105 strains = 21.3%), S. epidermidis (67 strains = 13.6%), Proteus spp. (indole positive) (31 strains = 6.3%) and P. mirabilis (24 strains = 4.9%) as well as anaerobic bacteria (26 strains = 5.3%). MIC of CMX against those bacteria detected was evaluated at 10(8) CFU/ml and 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, up to the concentration of 800 micrograms/ml, with MIC of cefazolin (CEZ), chloramphenicol (CP) and fradiomycin (FRM) as the references. With respect to the antibacterial action of CMX against S. aureus, MIC50 of CMX was inferior to that of CEZ by 4-fold, but its MIC80 and MIC90 are almost equivalent to those of CEZ. These results were obtained because there existed relatively few CMX highly resistant strains, while more than 20% strains are said to resist cephem antibiotics. As far as MIC of CMX against P. aeruginosa was concerned, the MIC reached its peak with 100 micrograms/ml at the concentration of 10(8) CFU/ml and with 25 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, which indicated the real antibacterial value of CMX against P. aeruginosa. However, the strains which showed higher MIC of greater than 800 micrograms/ml were rather few, that is, only 8 out of 105 (7.6%). Antibacterial action of CMX against Streptococcus (except Enterococcus), GNR from intestinal bacteria and anaerobic bacteria was favorable, and the stable and strong antibacterial action was shown against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and Proteus spp. (indole positive) which produce chromosome mediated beta-lactamase. On the other hand, the antibacterial action of CMX against GNF-GNR except P. aeruginosa was unfavorable for P. cepacia, P. putida and A. xylosoxidans, but relatively favorable for A. calcoaceticus. As a result of MIC evaluation of reference drugs, S. aureus was resistant to CEZ, and Proteus spp. (indole-positive) was resistant to CP, while FRM was highly resisted by almost all strains of bacteria. However, the resistance rate of S. aureus to CP was relatively low, that is, as low as 16.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1985

[Distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. III].

This report presents data concerning in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds with postoperative infection and exudate from superficial abscesses. There was a marked increase of resistant strains of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens to penicillins, CEPs or GM. The isolates of these species obtained in 1983 showed MIC values of 100 micrograms/ml or more for the so-called new CEPs (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ). The P. vulgaris isolates exhibited an increasing incidence of strains resistant to penicillins, and data on P. vulgaris isolates in 1983 indicated increase of strains resistant to CEPs. GM-resistant organisms were also noted to be increasing among the isolate of this species. The analysis did not reveal any appreciable change with calendar years among P. aeruginosa in respect of frequency of strains resistant to SBPC or CEPs (except CPZ). The data obtained in 1983, however, showed an indication of increasing incidence of organisms resistant to CPZ and GM. The increasing tendency of emergence of organisms resistant to new CEPs designed to expand activity against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and P. vulgaris, observed among the isolates of these species is considered probably to be the consequence of bacterial selective acquisition of R plasmid that carry drug resistant genes against CEPs. These are exactly reflected in the present data obtained in studies initiated in 1981 when the new CEPs became commonly prescribed in the daily clinics. It is concluded, accordingly, that organisms of these species resistant to CEPs have been increasing throughout the country.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1984

[Study of lincomycin concentrations in hepatocystic duct].

Penetration of lincomycin (LCM) in choledochal and cholecystic bile as well as in the gallbladder tissue and liver tissue was investigated together with bacteria detectable in the bile in order to evaluate basically usefulness of this antibiotic in the treatment of infections of the hepatocystic duct. Intravenous drip infusion of LCM 1.5 g (in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution) over 1.5--2 hours resulted in mean drug concentrations of 33.9 and 10.1 micrograms/ml in serum at 2 and 4 hours post start of infusion respectively; 215.5 micrograms/ml in choledochal bile at 3 hours 15 minutes; 252.7 micrograms/ml in cholecystic bile at 3 hours 36 minutes; 28.1 micrograms/g in gallbladder tissue at 2 hours 55 minutes; and 15.4 micrograms/g in liver tissue at 4 hours. A cross-over study of LCM and cefazolin (CEZ) in 2 cases where T-tubes were employed demonstrated evidently higher biliary levels of LCM than CEZ. Bacteriological examination showed that Hafnia alvei plus Streptococcus faecalis were presented in choledochal bile from just 1 of 4 cases while in cholecystic bile from 9 of 15 cases were detected 22 strains of organisms including Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 strains), Bacteroides fragilis (5), Escherichia coli (2), Citrobacter freundii (2) and Serratia marcescens (2). A total of 7 strains of anaerobes including B. fragilis was isolated. The above concentrations of LCM in the bile, gallbladder tissue and liver tissue sufficiently covered the MIC90 of this antibiotic determined by us in 1980 for major species of anaerobes including clinical isolates of B. fragilis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Clinical bacteriological studies on cefotiam and cefsulodin in the field of otorhinolaryngology].

Clinical bacteriological studies on cefotiam and cefsulodin in the field of otorhinolaryngology were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1) Aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were dominantly isolated from the clinical materials sent to the center from the clinical institutes. 2) It was considered that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and beta-Streptococcus played an important role in the primary infections in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Staphylococcus aureus was also frequently isolated from the primary infections. Peptostreptococcus spp. was dominantly isolated from peritonsillar abscess. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were mainly isolated from the chronic secondary infections. Among GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. were more frequently isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was also constantly detected in the secondary infections together with GNB. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 20.1% of the patients with chronic otitis media and 27.1% of sinusitis. 3) Cefotiam showed potent antibacterial activities against most isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 4) Cefsulodin showed potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus and beta-Streptococcus were also susceptible to cefsulodin.

Adolescent↗