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Biomedical subjects

S G Cole

Publications and source records attributed to S G Cole.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The canine right caudal and accessory lobe pulmonary veins: revised anatomical description, clinical relevance, and embryological implications.

Necropsy dissections were performed on nine dogs to provide an anatomical description of the right caudal and accessory lobe pulmonary veins. In all dogs, the pulmonary vein from the right caudal lung lobe initially paralleled the right caudal lung lobe bronchus, running cranially, medially, and ventrally. It diverged from the bronchus at the level of the pulmonary artery and bronchus of the accessory lung lobe. At this point, the pulmonary vein from the right caudal lung lobe coursed dorsal to the pulmonary artery and bronchus of the accessory lung lobe. Medial to the bronchus of the accessory lung lobe, it received the pulmonary vein from the accessory lung lobe on its ventral surface. Within the pericardium, this common venous trunk merged with the caudal aspect of the left atrium either with or immediately adjacent to the left caudal lobe pulmonary vein. These findings were corroborated during surgical dissection to achieve isolation of the heart in five dogs as part of an experimental study on intravascular gene delivery to the heart. These anatomical findings are relevant to clinical and experimental surgery and raise interesting questions about the embryological development of pulmonary veins in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A new locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT3) maps to chromosome 5.

Patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT, or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) have variable presentation patterns and a high risk of preventable complications. Diagnostic tests for mutations in endoglin (HHT type 1) and ALK-1 (HHT type 2) are available. Some HHT patients are now known to have HHT-juvenile polyposis overlap syndrome due to Smad4 mutations. Families were ascertained following the presentation of probands for embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Genome-wide linkage studies using over 700 polymorphic markers, and sequencing of candidate genes, were performed. In a previously described HHT family unlinked to endoglin or ALK-1, linkage to Smad4 was excluded, and no mutations were identified in the endoglin, ALK-1, or Smad4 genes. Two point LOD scores and recombination mapping identified a 5.4 cM HHT3 disease gene interval on chromosome 5 in which a single haplotype was inherited by all affected members of the pedigree. The remainder of the genome was excluded to a 2-5 cM resolution. We are currently studying a further family potentially linked to HHT3. We conclude that classical HHT with pulmonary involvement can result from mutations in an unidentified gene on chromosome 5. Identification of HHT3 should further illuminate HHT pathogenic mechanisms in which aberrant transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signalling is implicated.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2002

Barriers to gene flow from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) into populations of Sinapis arvensis.

One concern over growing herbicide-tolerant crops is that herbicide-tolerance genes may be transferred into the weeds they are designed to control. Brassica napus (oilseed rape) has a number of wild relatives that cause weed problems and the most widespread of these is Sinapis arvensis (charlock). Sinapis arvensis seed was collected from 102 populations across the UK, within and outside B. napus-growing areas. These populations were tested for sexual compatibility with B. napus and it was found that none of them hybridized readily in the glasshouse. In contrast to previous studies, we have found that hybrids can be formed naturally with S. arvensis as the maternal parent. Six diverse B. napus cultivars (Capricorn, Drakkar, Falcon, Galaxy, Hobson and Regent) were tested for their compatibility with S. arvensis but no cultivar hybridized readily in the glasshouse. We were unable to detect gene transfer from B. napus to S. arvensis in the field, confirming the extremely low probability of hybridization predicted from the glasshouse work.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1987

Cholesteryl octanoate breath test. Preliminary studies on a new noninvasive test of human pancreatic exocrine function.

A new breath test for noninvasive assessment of pancreatic exocrine function in humans was developed. The test is based on the hydrolysis of cholesteryl-[1-14C]octanoate by pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) with subsequent absorption and hepatic metabolism of the liberated octanoate to 14CO2. The rate at which 14CO2 appears in breath appeared to be proportional to the rate of hydrolysis. The substrate is administered as a gum acacia stabilized emulsion of vegetable oil (18 g) containing cholesteryl octanoate (2 g; 4.4 microCi) dispersed in a 500-ml isotonic meal. Tests were performed in 6 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with pancreatic disease with varying degrees of steatorrhea. In healthy subjects, 14CO2 output was rapid with peak output occurring at 60-90 min in all subjects; cumulative output in 4 h averaged 30%. Duplicate studies indicated that the time-course of 14CO2 recovery was reproducible. The pattern of 14CO2 output in patients with pancreatic disease varied widely. Patients without steatorrhea (fecal fat less than or equal to 7 g/day) or with mild steatorrhea (fecal fat 7-11 g/day) had normal or near normal patterns of 14CO2 output, whereas patients with moderate or severe steatorrhea (fecal fat greater than 11 g/day) expired 14CO2 at a rate one-third to one-tenth that of the healthy volunteers. Addition of pancreatic enzyme supplementation to the test meal increased 14CO2 output in 6 of 6 patients with moderate or severe steatorrhea, suggesting that the activity of pancreatic carboxyl ester lipase was rate limiting in these patients. In an additional study in a healthy volunteer, 14CO2 and 13CO2 were measured simultaneously in breath after ingestion of a test meal containing cholesteryl-[1-13C]octanoate and 14C-octanoate. 14CO2 was expired more rapidly than 13CO2, suggesting that hydrolysis of the substrate may also be rate limiting in healthy volunteers. These studies indicate that severe pancreatic exocrine dysfunction can be detected with a simple breath test in 60-90 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Celiac disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1983

Midazolam, a new more potent benzodiazepine, compared with diazepam: a randomized, double-blind study of preendoscopic sedatives.

Midazolam is a new imidazobenzodiazepine. It is more potent and has a shorter duration of action than diazepam. Forty patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the first time were randomized to receive either diazepam or midazolam as the preendoscopic sedative agent. Both the patient and the endoscopist were blinded regarding the treatment group. Vital signs were monitored before, during, and after induction. Questionnaires were used to assess patient recall of the procedure, as well as endoscopist and patient satisfaction. Recovery from sedation was assessed using the Treiger test (i.e., connecting a series of sequential points with a line). Twenty-four hours and 1 to 2 weeks later, follow-up was obtained on all patients to evaluate for any delayed adverse effects. When compared to diazepam, midazolam was more potent and decreased induction time by more than 2.5 min (p less than 0.001). Recovery time and endoscopist and patient satisfaction were similar (p greater than 0.1), but patient recall was significantly less in the midazolam group (p less than 0.01). Fewer adverse reactions (e.g., thrombophlebitis) were noted with midazolam; however, the magnitude of the difference was not statistically significant. Hemodynamic parameters were also similar. It is concluded that midazolam is a safe, effective, and promptly acting sedative for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Compared to diazepam it was significantly more potent, faster acting, and associated with greater amnesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Treatment staff attitudes toward the combined treatment of drug and alcohol abusers.

The literature on combined treatment has suggested that the attitudes of staff members toward combining treatment for drug and alcohol abusers are important determinants of its success. A survey measuring attitudes thought relevant to the issues of combined treatment was mailed to treatment staff from a nationwide sample of drug, alcohol, and combined treatment agencies. Results indicated that combined treatment staff had more favorable attitudes toward combined treatment than did drug or alcohol staff, and that significant differences existed in the attitudes of drug, alcohol, and combined staff toward drug and alcohol abusers. In addition, it was found that staff background and attitudes toward drug and alcohol abusers were significantly related to attitudes toward combined treatment. Treatment staff who worked at combined treatment agencies and were White were likely to have favorable attitudes toward combined treatment. In terms of attitudes toward drug or alcohol abusers, it was found that staff members who held unfavorable stereotypes or moral views about drug or alcohol abusers tended to be opposed to combined treatment. These empirical results support clinical impressions of combined treatment advocates as reported in the literature. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of staff attitudes for the effectiveness of combined treatment and for agencies which are considering the initiation of combined treatment.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Inpatient vs outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers.

The literature on inpatient and outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers is reviewed. In addition, attrition as a major factor in treatment is examined. While several hypothesized advantages for both inpatient and outpatient treatment are advanced, it is pointed out that, because of methodological and situational differences among the studies, comparisons are difficult and risky to make. After suggesting that there is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Alcohol and drug abuse treatment: perceived effectiveness of inpatient combined treatment programs.

The present study did not address directly the comparative superiority of treatment approaches for combined versus separate treatment. It reflects, instead, the perceptions of staff and clients from the programs visited, the available literature, information gathered in the search for combined programs, and program processes and outcomes. The primary hypothesis generated by the study proposed that, given a receptive treatment staff, it is probable that combined treatment has the flexibility to provide treatment to both drug and alcohol abusers that is at least as effective and probably more efficient than separate treatment. Until empirical evidence that clearly delineates problems associated with combined treatment is obtaned, it was suggested that the selection of a combined or separate treatment paradigm is best determined by the needs of the community and the attitudes of the treatment staff.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Test of a model of decision processes in an intense conflict situation.

A particularly intense form of conflict. It is a situation in which at most one of some set of participants may obtain an objective and in which it is possible that none will obtain their objective. A mathematical model is derived from basic assumptions about the decision making process in a three-person uelative conflict situation, a truel. It is proposed that the model is generalizable to n-person situations. A preliminary test of the model that varied only one of the parameters revealed support for the model. More extensive tests of the model are warranted. In addition, the applicability of the model to internation or intergroup conflict is explored.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1976

Rapid puffing as a treatment component of a community smoking program.

Twenty-six persons participated in a community smoking program, which required a $40 contribution to the sponsoring health organization and a $25 refundable deposit. Clients were assigned to one of two treatment groups; one involved group discussion and rapid puffing, and the other involved group discussion only. The number of cigarettes smoked before treatment and one week, two months, and five months after treatment were determined for each client. Smoking decreased substantially following treatment in both groups and did not differ significantly between the groups across the follow-up periods. Females, however, showed significantly greater relapse in smoking following treatment than did males. Overall, approximately 15% of the clients in each group were abstinent five months after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Community leaders' attitudes toward family planning.

Four separate samples of lawyers, businessmen, ministers, and physicians were requested to complete four separate non-overlapping attitude questionnaires in an effort to assess their attitudes toward sterilization, individual responsibility for contraception, family size, social responsibility, overpopulation, and contraception in the lower class. The data indicated that the four professional groups differed in their attitudes and those differences provided the impetus for suggestions focused on developing and maintaining a positive relationship between the influential members of the community and the family planning clinic.

Community Health Centers↗