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Biomedical subjects

S G Goldrich

Publications and source records attributed to S G Goldrich.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Mirror-image optic nerve dysplasia with associated anisometropia in identical twins.

BACKGROUND: Monozygotic (MZ) or "identical" twins arise from a single fertilized egg, which divides into two embryos at an early stage of development. As a result, MZ twins have identical genomes and are always of the same sex. METHODS: A case of optic nerve hypoplasia and anisometropia, in association with mirror-image presentation in a set of 12-year-old identical twins, is reported. The monozygotic twinning event responsible for identical twins--as well as the rare phenomenon of mirror imaging--is described. RESULTS: The combined occurrence of anisometropia and optic nerve hypoplasia in mirror-image presentation in a set of monozygotic twins provides a unique opportunity to study the genetic versus environmental influences on the development of optic nerve hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the cause of optic nerve hypoplasia remains unclear, its associated mirror-image presentation in this case suggests a possible genetic predisposition.

Anisometropia↗
PubMed1983

Oculomotor biofeedback therapy.

Biofeedback therapy refers to the process of gaining voluntary control over some bodily function by the immediate use of information regarding its physiological state. In this paper we review the use of oculomotor biofeedback therapy in three common ocular disorders: nystagmus, strabismus, and amblyopia. Experimental and clinical test results have been encouraging. We believe oculomotor biofeedback therapy should be attempted, either alone or in conjunction with orthoptic and/or surgical procedures, in these and other ocular disorders manifesting an abnormal oculomotor component.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1982

Oculomotor biofeedback therapy for exotropia.

Twelve exotropes of various types received oculomotor biofeedback therapy at State College of New York (SUNY) University Optometric Center. Feedback of a variable pitch tone which reflected changes in ocular vergence reinforced motor control of eye posture. Patients were trained to achieve and sustain alignment in a variety of viewing situations. The six intermittent exotropes in the study who did not have amblyopia or prior history of unsuccessful surgical or orthoptic therapy achieved the highest recovery rating after training. The amblyope and those who had orthoptic training learned to voluntarily correct their eye position, although they did not achieve as acute a sensitivity to loss of alignment as did the others. Therapy restored eye control at near in a young constant exotrope whose condition resulted from severe neurological dysfunction. A constant postsurgical exotrope who had no ability for sensory fusion made little progress. Advantages of oculomotor biofeedback therapy are shorter treatment time, elimination of lengthy home training exercises, and enhanced patient motivation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Use of eye movement auditory biofeedback in the control of nystagmus.

Eye movement auditory biofeedback was used in weekly training sessions to control nystagmus in five adult patients. Within the 1st hr of training, all patients were able to reduce nystagmus. Average maximum group reduction of nystagmus amplitude, peak slow-phase velocity, and frequency achieved during training with auditory biofeedback was 82, 86, and 34%, respectively. At periodic intervals during training, audio information was withheld and patients were able to maintain reduced nystagmus for several minutes. In addition, patients were able to reduce nystagmus upon command without audio cues but with conscious effort while engaging in conversation and other tasks with the experimenters. Visual acuity improvement with conscious patient effort to control nystagmus but without auditory biofeedback averaged 10% Snell-Sterling. One of two patients who returned for post-training reevaluation was able to reduce his nystagmus quickly without auditory biofeedback to 50% of the pretraining level, and both patients were able with the aid of auditory cues to reduce their nystagmus rapidly to the level achieved during training. In addition to the improvement in vision, cosmetic and psychological benefits accrued. Eye movement auditory biofeedback should be considered in the treatment of nystagmus, either alone or in conjunction with orthoptic and/or surgical procedures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1981

Emergent textural contours: a new technique for visual monitoring in nystagmus, oculomotor dysfunction, and accommodative disorders.

Emergent textural contours, the perceptual effect seen during continuous rotation of symmetrical arrays of uniform pattern elements, provide a unique source of visual feedback for eye movements and resolutional states and have potential for use as a new clinical tool. The phenomenon is produced by a combination of factors including the effects of visual persistence and differential resolution. A total of 28 subjects including 17 normals, 4 nystagmus, 4 oculomotor dysfunction, and 3 accommodative facility cases were shown an emergent textural contour with an instrument (the Goldrich Contour Rotator) for its display. Subjects were enabled to monitor their own eye movements and accommodative training. Nystagmus subjects were provided with a continuous source of visual input reflecting their ocular oscillations and a determination of the null point of nystagmus was made with the instrument.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1980

Optometric therapy of divergence excess strabismus.

A review and analysis of the vision-training procedures were carried out over a period of 2 years at State University of New York (SUNY), University Optometric Center by 20 staff optometrists on 28 patients exhibiting divergence excess strabismus using models proposed by Flax and Greene. Training included motility, accommodative rock, fusion, antisuppression, and stereoscopic skills by a variety of techniques and devices. Patients who exhibited smaller pretraining angles of deviation, increased maturity, and greater motivation responded most successfully to treatment. The results achieved in this study compare favorably with those obtained by traditional orthoptic procedures.

Adaptation, Ocular↗