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Biomedical subjects

S G Moore

Publications and source records attributed to S G Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clinical utility of measuring white blood cells on vaginal wet mount and endocervical gram stain for the prediction of chlamydial and gonococcal infections.

BACKGROUND: White blood cells on endocervical Gram stain and vaginal wet mount are frequently used to predict chlamydial and gonococcal infections. Previous studies provide conflicting evidence for the clinical utility of these tests. GOAL: To evaluate the clinical utility of measuring white blood cells on vaginal wet mount and endocervical Gram stain for the prediction of chlamydial infection and gonorrhea. STUDY DESIGN: Women undergoing pelvic examinations at 10 county health department family planning and sexually transmitted disease clinics were tested for chlamydial infection by ligase chain reaction assay (n = 4550) and for gonorrhea by culture (n = 4402). Vaginal wet mount and endocervical Gram stains were performed in county laboratories at the time of examination. RESULTS: The prevalences of chlamydial infection and gonorrhea were 8.8% and 3.2%, respectively. For detection of chlamydial or gonococcal infection, the likelihood ratio was 2.85 (95% CI, 2.10-3.87) for > 30 white blood cells on vaginal wet mount and 2.91 (95% CI, 2.07-4.09) for > 30 white blood cells on endocervical Gram stain. Similar results were seen for individual diagnoses either of chlamydial infection or of gonorrhea. CONCLUSION: Vaginal wet mount and endocervical Gram stain white blood cells are useful for the presumptive diagnosis of chlamydial infection or gonorrhea only in settings with a relatively high prevalence of infection or when other predictors can increase the likelihood of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prodrugs for targeting hypoxic tissues: regiospecific elimination of aspirin from reduced indolequinones.

A series of regioisomeric derivatives of a 1-methylindole-4,7-dione were synthesised, substituted with a 2-acetoxybenzoate leaving group linked through the (indol-2-yl)methyl or (indol-3-yl)methyl (or propenyl) positions. Reductive elimination of the leaving group occurred from the (indol-3-yl)methyl derivatives but not the 2-substituted regioisomers, indicating that only the C-3 position may be utilised in bioreductively-activated drug delivery, which was demonstrated with an aspirin prodrug.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

CT and MR imaging in the local staging of primary malignant musculoskeletal neoplasms: Report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group.

PURPOSE: To assess the relative accuracies of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the local staging of primary malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At four institutions, 367 eligible patients (aged 6-89 years) with malignant bone or soft-tissue neoplasms in selected anatomic sites were enrolled. Patients underwent both CT and MR imaging within 4 weeks before surgery. In each patient, CT scans were interpreted independently by two radiologists and MR images by two other radiologists at the enrolling institution. The CT and MR images were then interpreted together by two of those radiologists and subsequently reread at the other institutions. Imaging and histopathologic findings were compared and were supplemented when needed with surgical findings. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS: Cases were analyzable in 316 patients: 183 had primary bone tumors; 133 had primary soft-tissue tumors. There was no statistically significant difference between CT and MR imaging in determining tumor involvement of muscle, bone, joints, or neurovascular structures. The combined interpretation of CT and MR images did not statistically significantly improve accuracy. Interreader variability was similar for both modalities. CONCLUSION: CT and MR imaging are equally accurate in the local staging of malignant bone and soft-tissue neoplasms in the specific anatomic sites studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Magnetization transfer contrast MRI of musculoskeletal neoplasms.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in 15 patients with musculoskeletal neoplasms to assess the value of magnetization transfer contrast in tumor characterization. Multiplanar gradient-recalled echo sequences (TR 500-600/TE 15-20/flip angle 20-30 degrees) were performed first without and then with magnetization transfer contrast generated by a zero degree binomial pulse (MPGR and MTMPGR). Standard T1-weighted spin echo images (SE; TR 300-400/TE 12-20) and either T2-weighted SE (TR 2000-2900/TE 70-80) or T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE; TR 4000-5000/TE 100-119 effective) images were also obtained. Signal intensities on MTMPGR scans were compared to those on MPGR scans for both tumors and normal tissues. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were also compared for all sequences. MTMPGR images provided better contrast between pathologic tissues and muscle than did standard MPGR images, increasing both conspicuity of lesions and definition of tumor/muscle interfaces. Benign and malignant tumors, with the exception of lipoma, underwent similar degrees of magnetization transfer and could not be distinguished by this technique.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Brain MRI changes in phenylketonuria. Associations with dietary status.

Following the introduction 30 years ago of neonatal screening and early dietary treatment for phenylketonuria there has been a dramatic decrease in the severity of neurological dysfunction associated with this disorder. However, there is evidence that subtle neurological impairment remains common in early treated subjects and in the last 3 years there have been a number of reports of overt neurological impairment with white matter abnormalities on MRI. The frequency of white matter changes in phenylketonuria, and the relation of these changes to dietary management, have remained unclear. The present study examines MRI findings in 34 subjects aged 8-33 years. Twenty-five subjects had been detected by routine neonatal screening and nine had been missed in the screening programme. At the time of the investigation 16 of the early treated and two of the late treated subjects were still receiving a diet low in phenylalanine. All but two of the 34 subjects showed abnormalities on MRI. In the early diagnosed group it could be shown that the severity of MRI changes (graded 1-5) was significantly and independently associated with phenylalanine concentrations at the time of investigation and the time since dietary treatment had been withdrawn. These data are consistent with studies in animals showing that hyperphenylalaninaemia increases myelin turnover in a dose dependent manner. It is suggested that the effects of phenylalanine on myelin pose a lifelong hazard to the nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case report 746: Osteopetrosis.

Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by osteoclastic dysfunction. The bones of afflicted patients become sclerotic and show modeling defects resulting in either a decrease or obliteration of the marrow cavity and resultant pancytopenia. Other clinical manifestations include bony deformities, cranial nerve palsies from bony overgrowth, pathological fractures, osteomyelitis, and hepatosplenomegaly secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. In the skull, the diploic space is usually decreased or obliterated. Absent or decreased marrow space is observed on plain films. On MRI, the marrow cavity very likely will be obliterated with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. We report a case of osteopetrosis in which the diploic space is markedly increased, giving a hair-on-end appearance resembling thalassemia major. Perhaps some local factor within the diploic space prevented the expected osteoclastic dysfunction, allowing remodeling and expansion of the cranial vault.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

High dose steroids in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis: MRI evidence for a possible mechanism of therapeutic effect.

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in multiple sclerosis (MS) was monitored by serial gadolinium-(Gd)-DTPA enhanced MRI during and after the treatment of acute relapses with a three day course of high dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP). During treatment there was a rapid reduction of BBB abnormalities in 96% of enhancing lesions. In spite of sustained clinical improvement, many lesions re-enhanced within a few days of stopping IVMP, and new lesions frequently appeared within one month. It is possible that the rapid, albeit transient, reversal of BBB abnormalities contributes to the accelerated recovery from relapses associated with IVMP treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Age-related marrow changes in the pelvis: MR and anatomic findings.

Short repetition time magnetic resonance images of the pelvis in 70 subjects (aged 1 day to 24 years) without history of bone marrow disease were retrospectively analyzed for the distribution and appearance of red and yellow marrow. The signal intensity and degree of mottling of marrow in six anatomic regions of the pelvis were observed and were assigned a grade. Anatomic correlation was provided with gross and microscopic examination of bone marrow biopsy specimens taken from selected pelvic sites in cadavers of children. Marrow signal intensity increased in all pelvic regions except the acetabulum from birth to age 24 years. Marrow heterogeneity was most prominent in the acetabulum at all ages. Patterns of bone marrow signal intensity and heterogeneity are recognized for four age groups: the infant, child, adolescent, and young adult. Regional and age-related differences in the signal intensity of pelvic marrow correlate with the percentage of fat seen microscopically in marrow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The pathophysiology of acute optic neuritis. An association of gadolinium leakage with clinical and electrophysiological deficits.

Eighteen patients with acute optic neuritis underwent optic nerve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after injection of gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Ten were re-examined 4 weeks later. Leakage of Gd-DTPA across the blood-optic nerve barrier was a consistent finding in the acute lesion, and its presence was associated with abnormal visual acuity and colour vision, retro-ocular pain on eye movement, and afferent pupillary defect, and a reduced amplitude of the P100 component of the visual evoked potential. Gd-DTPA leakage had ceased in 9/11 nerves when restudied 4 wks later, and this evolution was associated with improved visual acuity and an increased P100 amplitude. Leakage is likely to reflect inflammation, and we conclude that the latter plays an important part in the production of conduction block and clinical deficit, and that its resolution is an important step in clinical remission from acute episodes of demyelination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pediatric musculoskeletal MR imaging.

In a review of the indications and uses for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the pediatric musculoskeletal system, MR evaluation of conditions unique to the pediatric musculoskeletal system were emphasized. Indications for MR imaging of the pediatric musculoskeletal system include evaluation of bone marrow, neoplastic processes, and periarticular disorders.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1990

The Center for Early Education and Development. "Giving away" child psychology.

A description of the establishment, operation, and programmatic foci of the Center for Early Education and Development (CEED) is provided. CEED offers a model for creating links between the research resources of a University and professionals who work directly with young children and families. CEED's role in demystifying research and making it accessible for community practitioners is an important one in bridging the gap between the trenches and the ivory tower.

Child Development↗
PubMed1990

Effect of trabecular bone on the appearance of marrow in gradient-echo imaging of the appendicular skeleton.

This prospective study evaluated the effect of trabecular bone on the appearance of marrow in gradient-echo (GRE) images of the appendicular skeleton in vivo at high magnetic field strength. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of 10 normal extremities in five patients was performed with spin-echo (SE) and GRE sequences. The latter were obtained with gradient recalled acquisition in a steady state. SE and GRE sequences had identical spacing and planes of imaging. Cortical bone appeared as a signal void regardless of the pulse sequences and parameters. Marrow in contact with trabecular bone exhibited a shortened effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) and resultant signal loss because of local field inhomogeneities where mineralized matrix interfaced with it. This T2* effect was increased in regions with more trabecular bone (epiphysis) than regions with little trabecular bone (diaphysis). A low signal intensity on GRE images may represent fatty marrow with a high content of trabecular bone and should not be interpreted only as hematopoietic marrow.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

Repopulation of marrow after transplantation: MR imaging with pathologic correlation.

Sixty-seven magnetic resonance (MR) studies of the lumbar spine were performed in 15 patients with bone marrow transplants, and the appearance of marrow regeneration on MR images was correlated with results of bone marrow biopsy and pathologic examination. After transplantation, T1-weighted MR images of vertebral marrow showed a characteristic band pattern consisting of a peripheral zone of intermediate signal intensity and a central zone of bright signal intensity. Reciprocal changes were identified on short inversion time inversion recovery images. At histologic examination the central zone corresponded to fatty marrow; the peripheral zone corresponded to a zone of regenerating hematopoietic cells. Posttransplantation T1 and T2 relaxation times of the entire vertebral marrow were calculated from the spin-echo images; no statistically significant trends in relaxation times were noted. Knowledge of the normal MR pattern of marrow regeneration after transplantation may be useful in screening for residual marrow disease, determining marrow engraftment, and differentiating marrow repopulation with normal versus malignant cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Red and yellow marrow in the femur: age-related changes in appearance at MR imaging.

T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images of the femur in 77 subjects, aged 1 month to 24 years, were retrospectively analyzed for the distribution and appearance of red and yellow marrow. The subjects were divided into six age groups, and the signal intensity and degree of mottling of marrow in the proximal epiphysis, proximal metaphysis, diaphysis, distal metaphysis, and distal epiphysis were observed and assigned a grade. Bone marrow with low or intermediate to slightly increased signal intensity was considered red marrow, while bone marrow with increased signal intensity was considered fatty marrow. An orderly progression of red to yellow marrow conversion in the femur was appreciated first in the diaphysis (ages 1-10 years) and then in the distal metaphysis (ages 10-20 years), with an adult pattern seen by age 24 years. The MR spectrum of red and yellow marrow differs from the existing macroscopic anatomical data because MR imaging is apparently more sensitive to the presence of microscopic fat in bone marrow.

Adolescent↗