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Biomedical subjects

S G Moran

Publications and source records attributed to S G Moran.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Risk of injury for occupants of motor vehicle collisions from unbelted occupants.

OBJECTIVE: Unbelted occupants may increase the risk of injury for other occupants in a motor vehicle collision (MVC). This study evaluated the association between occupant restraint use and the risk of injury (including death) to other vehicle occupants. DESIGN: A population based cohort study. SETTING: United States. SUBJECTS: MVC occupants (n = 152 191 unweighted, n = 18 426 684 weighted) seated between a belted or unbelted occupant and the line of the principal direction of force in frontal, lateral, and rear MVCs were sampled from the 1991-2002 National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System. Offset MVCs were not included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for injury (including death) for occupants seated contiguous to unbelted occupants compared to occupants seated contiguous to belted occupants. Risk ratios were adjusted for at risk occupant's sex, age, seating position, vehicle type, collision type, travel speed, crash severity, and at risk occupants' own seat belt use. RESULTS: Exposure to unbelted occupants was associated with a 40% increased risk of any injury. Belted at risk occupants were at a 90% increased risk of injury but unbelted occupants were not at increased risk. Risks were similar for non-incapacitating and capacitating injuries. There was a 4.8-fold increased risk of death for exposed belted occupants but no increased risk of death for unbelted occupants. CONCLUSIONS: Belted occupants are at an increased risk of injury and death in the event of a MVC from unbelted occupants.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

The association between body habitus, restraint use, and fatality in motor vehicle collisions.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between body habitus, restraint use, and risk of death in motor vehicle collisions (MVC). METHODS: The 1995-1999 National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System was utilized. RESULTS: Body habitus, when described by height and weight, is associated with fatality rates in restrained drivers. Body mass index as a descriptor of body habitus was not associated with fatality rates. CONCLUSIONS: The 50th percentile male Hybrid III Crash Dummy plays a major role in vehicular cabin interior design and crash testing. For drivers with a dissimilar body habitus, the vehicle cabin/body fit changes and the safety features perform differently which may account for these observations.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

Predictors of positive CT scans in the trauma patient with minor head injury.

Routine cerebral CT scanning of patients with minor head injuries has been advocated as a screening procedure for hospital admission. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were characteristics of the trauma patient with a minor head injury. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13-15, that would predict a positive cerebral CT scan. An analysis of 200 patients with potential head injuries transported to our regional trauma center was performed. The following characteristics were analyzed as possible predictors: scene GCS (SC-GCS), emergency room GCS (ER-GCS), a change in GCS from scene to emergency room, loss of consciousness (LOC), and focal neurological deficit. Forty-eight per cent (96/200) of the patients underwent CT scanning of the head. CT scans were positive in 4 per cent (8/200) of the total group and 8.3 per cent (8/96) of those who underwent CT scanning. In the patients without LOC and ER-GCS of 13-15, all CT scans were negative (95% confidence interval 0.0% to 3.4%). In the 93 patients with LOC, eight patients had a positive scan (P < 0.001). Of the nine patients who sustained a skull fracture, five had a positive CT (55.6%; 95% confidence interval 21.2% to 86.3%) (P < 0.0001). Of all the patients with positive CT scans, two underwent emergent craniotomy: one for a depressed skull fracture with underlying contusion, the other for a temporal bone fracture and an epidural hematoma. Both patients had LOC and SC-GCS and ER-GCS of 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The deltopectoral triangle as a landmark for percutaneous infraclavicular cannulation of the subclavian vein.

An anatomic landmark is identified and described that simplifies the technique of central venous cannulation via the subclavian vein. The commonly used techniques are an approach to the subclavian at the junction of the medial and middle thirds of the clavicle or at the midclavicular line. A described anatomic landmark, the deltopectoral triangle, is easily identified in virtually all patients and requires no measuring or extensive knowledge of anatomy for localization. Penetration of the skin at this landmark facilitates the procedure and produces less patient discomfort. Using this technique, the authors have successfully cannulated the subclavian vein in 92.7% (51/55) of attempts with a 5.5% (3/55) complication rate. The only complications were arterial punctures, which were treated with pressure and were of no consequence to the patient.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗