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Biomedical subjects

S G Zhukova

Publications and source records attributed to S G Zhukova.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Age-related changes of somatotype and body mass components in girls].

The longitudinal and transverse studies of girls aged 7 to 17 years living in Moscow and the town of Yelabuga were performed to monitor the dynamics of their growth processes, parameters of ectomorphism, mesomorphism and endomorphism depending on the type of body build. Anthropometric, anthroposcopic metods and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the type of body build according to V.G. Shtefko and A.G. Ostrovskiy (1928). Quantitative assessment of parameters of endo-, meso- and ectomorphism was performed using Heath-Carter method (1980). It was shown that the age-related variability of the types of body build appeared in association with the developmental heterochronism, which resulted from the uneven growth rate of different body components. The least variable parameters were found in the girls of digestive and asthenoid types of body build, while in girls of muscular and thoracic types these parameters changed more frequently. The critical periods during which the significant changes of somatotype were increased in number, were defined as 9 to 10 years and puberty period--11 to 14 years. Most sensitive time points in the time-course of somatotype establishment in girls are the ages of 12 and 14 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Diagnosis of gluten enteropathy and efficiency of its treatment].

AIM: To develop screening diagnosis of gluten enteropathy (GEP), indications to administration of glucocorticoid hormones and objective criteria of effective treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical, immunological (antibodies-Abs to alpha-gliadin, reticulin and endomisium) examinations, enterobiopsy with morpho- and stereometry of small intestinal mucosa were made in 200 GEP patients. The examination was repeated 6 months to 5 years and later after the discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: Mean values of Abs to alpha-gliadin was 6 times higher than normal values. Positive titers of Abs to endomisium and reticulin were in 100 and 87.5% patients, respectively. Formed stool was registered 1.5 times more frequently, polyfecalia occurred 2.5 times less frequently, hypovitaminosis and trophic disorders were relieved 3 times more frequently, malabsorption syndrome reduced in patients given prednisolone vs those untreated with it. CONCLUSION: Screening diagnosis of GEP may be based on Abs tests to alpha-gliadin, reticulin and endomisium. Improvement of clinical condition of GEP patients can be stated by decreased diarrhea, polyfecalia and malabsorption symptoms. The treatment efficacy may be judged by clinical improvement, recovery of morphological structure of small intestinal mucosa, normalization of concentration of Abs to alpha-gliadin, reticulin, endomisium. Administration of prednisolone provides more complete and rapid rehabilitation of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Variability in mitochondrial DNA in Russian inhabitants from Krasnodar Krai, Belgorod and the lower Novgorod region].

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism was examined in three Russian populations from the European part of Russia (Krasnodar Krai, Belgorod, and Nizhnii Novgorod oblast). This analysis revealed that mitochondrial gene pool of Russians was represented by the mtDNA types belonging to groups H, V, pre-V, HV*, J, T, U, K, I, W, and X. The major groups (average frequency over 5%) were H, V, J, T, and U. Mongoloid admixture in Russians, constituting only 1%, was revealed in the form of mtDNA types of groups C and D. Analysis of the frequency distribution of the mtDNA type groups indicated the absence of genetic differences between the Russian populations studied.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of new respiratory technologies in solving problems of artificial one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgery in high-risk patients].

The authors proposed a separate independent (or differentiated) artificial lung ventilation as an appropriate alternative variant of artificial lung ventilation (ALV). This approach implies bulky ALV of the operated lung and high-frequency ventilation of the contralateral lung. In patients with associated respiratory diseases and stage II-III respiratory insufficiency, ALV initiates high pulmonary hypertension, intrapulmonary bypass of 50% cardiac output. The differentiated ALV on principal operation stage optimizes homeostatic parameters vs both one-lung and conventional ALV. For patients with stage II-III respiratory insufficiency and cardiovascular disease ALV is contraindicated. Differentiated ALV is the only alternative allowing surgical treatment of lung diseases in high risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of risk of cross-infection through the respiratory system during anesthesia].

The authors present a modern concept of prevention of cross contamination during forced ventilation of the lungs in the course of total anesthesia and operation. The optimal complex of measures of individual protection of a patient includes hygienic measures, use of sterile respiratory systems (better disposable), obligatory use of respiratory filters between the intubation tube and T-piece of the narcosis and respiration device; hydrophobic folded membrane filters should be preferred. Studies carried out at Anesthesiology Department of Research Center of Surgery of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences indicate that BB 22-15 filters (Pall Corporation) reliably protect patients from cross-contamination realized through respiratory gases and biological fluids (blood, saliva, condensate) and save heat and humor. Hydrophobic folded membrane filter BB 22-15 is highly effective, which recommends it for wide use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Giant petrifaction in infarction of the right ventricular posterior wall].

The paper reports a lethal outcome of recurrent myocardial infarction in a male patient who in 1996 survived a massive infarction of the right ventricle posterior wall resulting in formation of a giant petrificate with a softening in the center. Connective tissue growth and cardiomyocytic atrophy was histologically revealed in the surrounding tissue. The patient died in 1999 of the infarction of the anterior wall of the left ventricle.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anesthesia in obese patients].

Anesthesiological aids were analyzed in 70 obese patients undergone a total of 88 surgical interventions (in 1992 to 2002). This category of patients presented difficulties with tracheal intubation and gas exchange management at all stages of anesthesia and medication, which is associated with high chest rigidity, large distribution volume due to excess fatty tissue and serious comorbidity. The authors propose basic ways of solving the problems occurring with the use of fibrooptic equipment for tracheal intubation and suggest that short-acting agents with extraorgan elimination for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and special methods of artificial pulmonary ventilation (traditional volume-cyclic and jetwise high-frequency pulmonary ventilation) should be used to maintain effective gas exchange.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Continuous positive airway pressure and high-frequency independent lung ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases].

The original hypoxemia, hypercapnia, high pulmonary hypertension, high resistance of microcirculation vessels, right volumetric ventricular overload, persistent sub-edema of pulmonary intersticium as well as disparity of ventilation and perfusion between both lungs are the main problems in patients with chronic obstructive disease of the lungs (CODL). Such patients are, as a rule, intolerant to the independent lung collaboration or artificial single-stage ventilation (ASV). Patients with respiratory insufficiency, stages 2 and 3, and with a pronounced impaired type of ventilation have originally a deranged blood gas composition, like hypoxemia or hypercapnia. The application of volume-controllable bi-pulmonary ASV in such patients maintains an adequate gas exchange hemodynamics. However, ASV is accompanied by a significantly reduced gas-exchange function of the single ventilated lung and by essentially worsened intrapulmonary hemodynamics. Therefore, what is needed is to use alternative methods of independent lung ventilation in order to eliminate the gas-exchange impairments and to enable surgical interventions at thoracic organs in such patients (who are intolerant to ASV). A choice of a method and means of oxygen supply to the independent lung is of great importance. The possibility to avoid a high pressure in the airways, while maintaining, simultaneously, an adequate gas exchange, makes the method related with maintaining a constant positive pressure in the airways (CPPA) a priority one in case of CODL patients. The use of constant high-frequency ventilation in the independent lung in patients with obstructive pulmonary lesions does not improve the gas exchange or hemodynamics. Simultaneously, a growing total pulmonary resistance and an increasing pressure in the pulmonary artery are observed. Consequently, the discussed method must not be used for the ventilation support of the independent lung in patients with the obstructive type of the impaired external breathing function.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anesthesiological problems in the surgical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Maintenance of effective gas exchange made with respect to surgical comfort and lower risk of intraoperative lung damage is the main problem in the anesthetic management of surgical reduction of pulmonary volume (SRPV). Described in the paper is the experience of anesthetic management made in 10 patients in SPRV. The method of differential ALV (DALV) with continuous positive pressure in airways (CPPA) made for the ventilation support of the independent lung was found to be the only effective technique ensuring an adequate gas exchange in surgery for SPRV in patients with diffusive pulmonary emphysema (DPE). It accounts for the pathophysiological specificity of diffusive pulmonary lesion. At the same time, it provides for an optimal surgical comfort and for the most cautious manipulations on the lung. Such a combination improves the overall surgical results. The high-frequency respiratory support to the operated lung is contraindicated in such patients because of hyperinflation of the affected lung.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New russian myorelaxant vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromide) used for the anesthetic management of operations on the thorax and abdomen organs].

The experience of clinical use of the new Russian myorelaxant of the non-depolarizing action vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromided) manufactured by "Veropharm" is described. Vero-pipecuronium was found to ensure splendid and good conditions for the intubation of the trachea and to maintain reliably myorelaxation. The recommended doses and availability of an antidote (prozerine) provide for a sufficiently controllable myorelaxation. Vero-pipecuronium does not virtually exert any effect on the parameters of hemodynamics and can be successfully used in patients with a high anesthetic risk including heart surgeries. Thus, Russian vero-pipecuronium has now an effective and safe myorelaxant manufactured inside the country, whose parameters are not inferior to those of pipecuronium bromide (arduan) manufactured by "Gedeon Richter", Hungary. Since the described drug is made in Russia, one can hope it will be highly effective both economically and pharmacologically.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of two dilution techniques using Swan-Ganz-REF and PICCO-Plus technologies to the evaluation of systemic and pulmonary circulation].

The paper considers two thermal dilution methods for monitoring central and pulmonary hemodynamics, such as pulmonary thermal dilution (Swan-Ganz-REF) and transpulmonary thermal dilution (PICCO-Plus technology) in the context of their invasiveness, informative value, and the easiness-to-use in high-risk patients during thoracotomic interventions. They have been comparatively analyzed. The limitations of and contraindications to their use have been systematized. It has been found that these methods are not only interchangeable, but they also complement each other. Concurrent application of these methods may be recommended in high-risk patients during traumatic thoracotomic interventions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impact of combined anesthesia using isoflurane on the development of adaptation mechanisms on changing ventilation conditions in thoracic surgery].

The paper deals with the effect of isoflurane (IF) as a component of combined anesthesia during thoracic interventions in the lateral position on the development of adaptation mechanisms to a change in artificial ventilation (AV) modes--from ventilation of both lungs to that of one lung (unilateral ventilation, ULV), long exposure to ULV and to a change from ULV to ventilation of both lungs. Eighteen patients at a high operation-anesthetic risk were examined. Measurements were made in 6 steps, including conditions in AV, exposure to ULV for 15-30, 55-60, and 80-120 minutes, AV after 20-min exposure to ULV, and at the end of surgery in the supine position. While analyzing the results, the authors made an important observation that IF has a property of preventing capillary formation in the ventilated portions, without impairing the mechanism of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction in the area of atelectized alveoles. This contributed to the optimization of a ventilation-perfusion relationship and creates conditions for adequate oxygenation. The use of IF as a component of combined anesthesia during thoracic operations associated with a need for artificial unilateral ventilation in patients at a high operation-anesthetic risk created conditions for optimizing gas exchange and blood circulation at all stages of an operation and anesthesia.

Adaptation, Physiological↗