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Biomedical subjects

S Gaikwad

Publications and source records attributed to S Gaikwad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Umbilical CSF fistula: a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

An umbilical CSF fistula following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an extremely rare complication. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with leak of clear fluid from the umbilicus, one month after a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt revision. Shuntogram revealed communication between umbilicus and abdominal end of the catheter. He was managed successfully with shunt exteriorization, antimeningitic treatment, and later shunt re-insertion.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Endoscopic assisted excision of a retroclival arachnoid cyst presenting as hysterical breathlessness.

BACKGROUND: Arachnoid cysts are benign developmental cysts occurring most commonly in the middle fossa. Posterior fossa arachnoid cysts are less common, with retroclival arachnoid cysts especially in the pediatric age group being rare. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a case of a retroclival interpeduncular farachnoid cyst in a 10-year-old boy who presented with left-sided ptosis and episodes of hysterical breathlessness. RESULTS: The surgical treatment involved endoscopic assisted microsurgical excision of the cyst and the child made an uneventful and complete recovery with complete cessation of breathlessness. The clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, imaging characteristics and treatment modalities are discussed and the relevant literature reviewed.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed2005

Unidirectional whole body turning: a new lateralising sign in complex partial seizures.

BACKGROUND: The lateralising significance of unidirectional whole body turning in patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) arising from the temporal lobe was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 330 patients undergoing long term video-EEG study were included. "Unidirectional whole body turning" was defined as rotation of the trunk, head, and limbs by >90 degrees and lasting >10 s. EEG correlates, MRI, and SPECT findings were compared and outcome after surgery was noted for patients with follow up data for >1 year. RESULTS: Unidirectional whole body turning was observed in 13 patients with a mean age of 18+/-8 years. Concordance of the side of whole body turning with the EEG focus and MRI findings was observed in 11 of the 13 patients (84.7%) and in 26 of 28 seizures (92.8%). The six patients who underwent temporal lobectomy or resection of lesion, opposite to the direction of body turning, had good seizure outcome. CONCLUSION: Unidirectional whole body turning is a new lateralising sign in temporal lobe CPS with good predictive value for epileptogenic focus contralateral to the direction of turning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Giant mucoceles of the frontal sinus: a series and review.

Giant mucoceles of the frontal sinus are a rare pathology but their recognition is important in the differential diagnosis of paediatric proptosis and fronto-orbital lesions. Four patients with giant mucoceles of the frontal sinus were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were females in the paediatric age group presenting with massive cosmetically unacceptable bony swelling in the frontal region along with unilateral extra-axial proptosis. Radiological imaging revealed giant mucoceles of the frontal sinus with extracranial, orbital and anterior cranial fossa extension. One patient had co-existent craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Single stage surgery was performed in three patients and two-stage surgery in one. Fronto-orbital craniotomy, removal of the posterior wall of the sinus, obliteration of the sinus and its ostium, dural repair and remodeling cranioplasty were performed. Histopathological examination revealed mucoceles in all, and co-existant fibrous dysplasia in one patient. All the patients made excellent cosmetic recoveries with complete resolution of their visual symptoms. Their clinical presentation, radiological manifestations and treatment modalities are analyzed and an extensive review of the literature is presented. Our case of giant frontal mucocele associated with fibrous dysplasia is furthermore the first such report in the existing medical literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the third ventricle.

A 16-year-old boy presented to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. A CT scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus from a large posterior third ventricle mass lesion. The patient underwent a subtotal resection of the tumour, followed by radiotherapy. Histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of the tumour were consistent with primary malignant rhabdoid tumour. The age of presentation and location of the lesion were unusual.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Isolated central canal rupture of spinal dermoid: report of two cases.

We report two cases of lumbar spinal dermoid cysts with asymptomatic rupture and migration of free fat droplets into the central canal. No fatty droplets were seen within the lumbar subarachnoid space. The presence of fat droplets within the central canal is unusual because the central canal is rudimentary in adults. We suggest that hydromyelia secondary to tumour and specific tumour morphology might facilitate the selective rupture of dermoids into the central canal. We recommend a follow up of these patients to detect any possible intracranial migration of fat droplets and resultant complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

August 2002: 21-year-old male with cystic intracerebral tumor.

The August 2002 COM. A 21-year-old male presented with a single episode of generalized tonic clonic seizures. Radiology revealed a cystic tumor with mural nodule suggestive of a pilocytic astrocytoma. However, histopathological examination and electron microscopy revealed features of an intracerebral schwannoma. Therefore, although rare, in an intracerebral cystic lesion with mural nodule, the possibility of an intracerebral schwannoma should be entertained. This is important because this is a benign tumor with favourable response to resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fenestration of the posterior communicating artery.

A 21-year-old male presented with sudden onset of right-sided third nerve paresis. Angiogram showed a fenestrated posterior communication artery on the right side and no other vascular anomalies. There was no other lesion that could suggest a cause for the third nerve weakness. Fenestration of the posterior communicating artery has not been reported till date. The case is discussed and the literature on the subject is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Polymorphism at fifteen hypervariable microsatellite loci in four populations of Maharashtra, India.

Polymorphism at 15 microsatellite loci was studied in four predominant, endogamous populations of Maharashtra state in India. The studied population included Marathas, Desasth Brahmins, Chitpavan Brahmins and Dhangars; all of whom belong to Marathi speaking linguistic group of India. The distribution of the allele pattern at 13 tetranucleotide repeat and two pentanucleotide repeat of Powerplex 16 System portrays that these markers are highly polymorphic and thus, informative in human identification and understanding diversity in the addressed populations.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2002

A melanotic desmoplastic medulloblastoma: report of a rare case and review of the literature.

A 28-year-old man had a desmoplastic medulloblastoma in the vermis and left cerebellum. This tumor was composed of nodular, reticulin-free zones (pale islands) surrounded by densely packed, highly proliferative cells that produced a dense intercellular reticulin network. Some of the cells were heavily pigmented, and this pigment proved to be melanin. Adult age, desmoplastic nature, and melanin pigmentation are some of the rare features of this tumor that need documentation. Further, this pigment was in the primitive cells, unlike in the published cases, in which it was present in the tubular or tubulopapillary component. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of desmoplastic pigmented medulloblastoma, and the patient is the oldest reported to have this tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Proton MR spectroscopy of basal ganglia in Wilson's disease: case report and review of literature.

Volume localized proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was carried out in both the left and right basal ganglia of three patients with clinically proven Wilson's Disease. While the untreated patient died 15 days after the spectroscopy study, the other 2 patients have been under treatment and have shown clinical improvement. The spectral features of the untreated patient were very different from those of the other two patients who were under treatment and responding. Asymmetrical changes in NAA and Cho were also observed for this patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Lipomedulloblastoma in a child: a controversial entity.

Lipomedulloblastoma is regarded as a distinct entity that occurs exclusively in adults and has a low proliferative potential and a favorable outcome. We describe a rare case of lipomedulloblastoma in a 6-year-old female child showing a high labeling index that needs documentation. The various hypotheses of adiposal change are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Correlation of ictal EEG and SPECT studies in patients of intractable epilepsy with normal MRI.

Identification of the epileptic focus is the most important requirement for a successful surgical outcome in intractable epilepsy. Patients with normal MRI on high-resolution imaging pose a significant challenge in this regard. We tried to identify the epileptic focus using interictal / ictal SPECT and ictal EEG patterns in 14 patients with normal MRI. Rhythmic ictal onset activity helped to identify a single focus in 10 patients (71.43%). Inter ictal SPECT detected a focus corresponding to ictal EEG in 6 out of 10 patients (60%) in whom the test was performed. Ictal SPECT done in 5 patients correctly identified the focus in all patients (100%). Our data indicate that it is possible to obtain localization in patients with normal MRI using a combination of ictal EEG patterns and an ictal SPECT study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Composite pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma: report of a rare case.

Tuberculous involvement of the pituitary gland is rare. We report a unique case of a composite lesion consisting of pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma. A 24-year-old lady presented with features of acromegaly and amenorrhea. Serum growth hormone levels were found to be raised. Radiological investigations were consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Decompression of the lesion was done through trans-sphenoidal approach. Histological examination revealed a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma in association with a granulomatous lesion suggesting of pituitary tuberculoma. No other evidence of tuberculosis was found in the brain or spinal cord. This type of dual pathology has been reported only once in the earlier literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Choroid plexus papilloma: a clinicopathological study of 23 cases.

BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors in adults. However, they are relatively more common in childhood and constitute 1.5 to 4% of intracranial tumors. DESCRIPTION: They are most often located in the lateral ventricle, followed by the fourth and third ventricles and, rarely, in the cerebellopontine angle. The radiological appearance of a CPP as a cyst with a mural nodule is a curiosity. Bone formation is rare in CPPs and only 6 cases have been described in the literature. Neuromelanin production is also extremely rare and only 2 cases have been reported to date. CONCLUSION: In the present communication, 23 cases of CPP are analyzed and rare clinical, pathological, and radiological features are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Intraventricular neurocytoma: a clinicopathological study of 20 cases with review of the literature.

The clinicopathological features of 20 cases of central neurocytomas are described. They accounted for 0.28% of all intracranial tumours diagnosed during a 16 year period (1980-1995). Lower mean age of the patients at diagnosis (23.1 years), male preponderance (M:F=1.8:1) and higher incidence of involvement of the right lateral ventricle (10/20 cases) were noted in this series, in contrast to reports from Western literature. Total removal of the tumour was done in 14 cases while the remaining six underwent partial resection. Morphogically, the tumours had a striking resemblance to oligodendrogliomas (11/20 had been earlier diagnosed as oligodendrogliomas) and an interesting finding was the presence of dilated vascular channels in 12/20 tumours. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by immunohistochemistry and/or electron microscopy. While 18 cases were histologically benign, two had features of atypical neurocytoma. Five patients died due to postoperative complications. The remaining patients received postoperative radiation and their follow-up revealed that all of them were doing well at 12 to 72 months after surgery. These neoplasms should be suspected in any young patient with radiological evidence of an intraventricular lesion; for their differentiation from gliomas, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy should be done. This is important because, unlike gliomas, these tumours have a relatively favourable prognosis and their current treatment of choice is complete surgical removal without adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

Journal Article↗