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S Gale

Publications and source records attributed to S Gale.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The National Evaluation of School Nutrition Programs: program impact on dietary intake.

This article describes the dietary analysis component of the National Evaluation of School Nutrition Programs. It addresses two research questions: 1) do participants and nonparticipants in the school nutrition programs have different calorie and nutrient intakes for 24 h, breakfast, and/or lunch and 2) if there are differences in the nutritional quality or total quantity of food consumed? Students who participate in the School Lunch Program get more than nonparticipants of almost all nutrients that were examined, both at lunch and during 24 h. The superior lunch and 24-h intakes of Lunch Program participants are due to the higher nutritional quality of the School Lunch compared with lunches that nonparticipants eat. The most important impact of the School Breakfast is that when the program is available, it increases the likelihood that children will eat breakfast, and children who eat breakfast have significantly higher intakes of nutrients than children who skip breakfast. The School Breakfast provides more calcium, phosphorus, protein, and magnesium than a non-US Department of Agriculture breakfast, but less vitamin A, vitamin B6, niacin, thiamin, and iron. The positive impacts of calcium and phosphorus carry over 24 h, while the negative impacts for vitamin A, vitamin B6, niacin, thiamin, and iron are made up during the remainder of the day. Although strong conclusions cannot be drawn about the impact of the Milk Program, milk is an important component of all US Department of Agriculture school nutrition programs and makes a major contribution to student dietary intake. Its presence in the meal patterns probably accounts for some of the greater nutrient intakes associated with participation in the School Lunch Program and most of the greater intakes associated with participation in the School Breakfast Program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The National Evaluation of School Nutrition Programs: program impact on anthropometric measures.

This report describes the anthropometric analysis component of the National Evaluation of School Nutrition Programs. It addresses two research questions: First, is there a relationship between participation in the school nutrition programs and students' height, weight, and triceps fatfold, and, second, are the impacts of program participation on height, weight, and triceps fatfold different for students with different characteristics? The anthropometric analyses suggest that long-term participation in the School Lunch Program has no relationship to height but does have a small relationship to the weight of school-aged children. This is at least partly due to an increase in body fat. Program impacts do not differ for students with different income and ethnic characteristics; however, impacts are greater for older children than for younger children. The School Breakfast Program has no relationship with students' height and only weak relationships with students' weight and triceps fatfold. The Breakfast Program tends slightly to move participants toward the middle of the weight distribution and away from the extremes. Although there are statistically significant increases in weight and triceps fatfold thickness associated with participation in the School Lunch Program, they are small compared with effects of the child's sex, height, and ethnic background. Other variables, such as parents' height and weight, parents' education and family income, also have greater impacts on weight and triceps fatfold measurements than participation in the School Nutrition Programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Synthesis of sulphated proteoglycans by rheumatoid and normal synovial tissue in culture.

Synthesis of sulphated proteoglycans by cell lines derived from explants of 7 rheumatoid and 9 normal specimens of synovial tissue, as well as by 7 lines of skin fibroblasts from non-rheumatoid patients, was examined. Cells of all 3 types were cultured as monolayers. They were then disaggregated and their capacity to synthesise proteoglycan estimated in cell suspensions by the incorporation of [35S]-sulphate into CPC-precipitable material during 2 hours of incubation. Cell suspensions incorporated somewhat more [35S]-sulphate than corresponding duplicate monolayers. Synovial cells from rheumatoid patients incorporated 2 to 3 times as much [35S]-sulphate as synovial cells from normals. Skin fibroblasts, however, incorporated less [35S]-sulphate than rheumatoid or normal synovial cells up to the fifth passage. Thereafter their incorporation gradually increased to overtake that of synovial cells. About one-half to one-third of the total [35S]-sulphate labelled material was closely associated with cells from synovial tissues and fibroblasts respectively.

Adolescent↗