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Biomedical subjects

S Garbe

Publications and source records attributed to S Garbe.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of anterior and posterior eye segment displacement during ocular gaze shifts.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between movements of the posterior and anterior eye segments during arbitrary gaze shifts and to obtain information for monitoring fixation during radiotherapy for ocular diseases. METHODS: We examined eye movements of ten emmetropic volunteers in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system. Using a T2-weighted ultrafast turbo-spin echo sequence (UTSE), the eyes were examined within 21 seconds. Sagittal and transversal eye slices were obtained in five passages in five gaze directions (straight ahead, 15 degrees above, 15 degrees below, 15 degrees right and 15 degrees left of the primary position). Displacement of the posterior eye segment was analyzed in relation to the movement of the anterior segment in all directions. RESULTS: The relationship between the movements of the anterior and posterior eye segment was 1:0.8 (+/- 0.06 SD) during horizontal gaze shifts and 1:1.16 (+/- 0.11 SD) during vertical gaze shifts. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the relationship between anterior and posterior eye segments was different during horizontal and vertical eye movements, indicating the presence of more than one center of rotation. Compared to the anterior eye segment, there was less displacement of the posterior eye segment during horizontal eye movements and more displacement during vertical eye movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Screening of diabetic patients for microalbuminuria in primary care--The PROSIT-Project. Proteinuria Screening and Intervention.

The PROSIT (Proteinuria Screening and Intervention) Project started in 1993 in order to obtain data on the prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients treated in primary care, to establish an easy screening programme for microalbuminuria, in which also diabetic patients can participate in self-responsibility, and to implement a specific intervention programme for incipient nephropathy. In 58 representative doctor's offices 647 diabetic patients were included, who performed at home self-tests for microalbuminuria on three days within one week using the early morning urine and a newly developed qualitative immunologic test-strip for microalbuminuria. After storage they returned the same urine samples to their doctors' offices for semiquantitative retesting with the immunologic test-strip Micral-Test II. In case of positive results the proteinuria dipstick Combur-9-Test was applied in order to exclude other causes of positive microalbuminuria (e.g. urinary tract infection). Data of 569 patients (6% Type 1, 88% Type 2 and 6% secondary diabetes) could be analysed. Both qualitative self-testing for microalbuminuria at home and semiquantitative retesting in doctors' offices were found to be feasible. Based on semiquantitative retesting the prevalences of microalbuminuria (macroalbuminuria) were 19.6% (0%) in Type 1 diabetes, 17.2% (10.8%) in Type 2 diabetes and 11.7% (7.8%) in secondary diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients showed a clear correlation between albuminuria and diabetes duration, HbA1c, serum creatinine, triglycerides as well as micro- and macrovascular complications. 227 patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria were included into the ongoing PROSIT intervention programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Focusing Optics for High-Energy X-ray Diffraction.

Novel focusing optical devices have been developed for synchrotron radiation in the energy range 40-100 keV. Firstly, a narrow-band-pass focusing energy-tuneable fixed-exit monochromator was constructed by combining meridionally bent Laue and Bragg crystals. Dispersion compensation was applied to retain the high momentum resolution despite the beam divergence caused by the focusing. Next, microfocusing was achieved by a bent multilayer arranged behind the crystal monochromator and alternatively by a bent Laue crystal. A 1.2 micro m-high line focus was obtained at 90 keV. The properties of the different set-ups are described and potential applications are discussed. First experiments were performed, investigating with high spatial resolution the residual strain gradients in layered polycrystalline materials. The results underline that focused high-energy synchrotron radiation can provide unique information on the mesoscopic scale to the materials scientist, complementary to existing techniques based on conventional X-ray sources, neutron scattering or electron microscopy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Applications of high-energy synchrotron radiation for structural studies of polycrystalline materials.

The large penetration power of high-energy X-rays (>60 keV) raises interesting prospects for new types of structural characterizations of polycrystalline materials. It becomes possible in a non-destructive manner to perform local studies, within the bulk of the material, of the fundamental materials physics properties: grain orientations, strain, dislocation densities etc. In favourable cases these properties may be mapped in three dimensions with a spatial resolution that matches the dimensions of the individual grains. Imbedded volumes and interfaces become accessible. Moreover, the high energies allow better in-situ studies of samples in complicated environments (industrial process optimization). General techniques for research in this energy range have been developed using broad-band angle-dispersive methods, on-line two-dimensional detectors and conical slits. Characterizations have been made at the level of the individual grains and grain boundaries as well as on ensembles of grains. The spatial resolution is presently of the order of 10-100 micom. Four examples of applications are presented along with an outlook.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Double-barrelled replacement-plasty of the anterior cruciate ligament with fascia lata strips].

An intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in chronic and acute ruptures is described, which we call doubling-back ACL substitution. The McIntosh graft is used to fix it, starting from the posterior origin of the ACL and passing to the anterior region of its insertion and through the anteromedial tibial head, returning over the top with isometric conditions. Since April 1987, this procedure has been applied in 60 patients this way, 48 of whom we saw again between April and June 1990. There are only 2 unstable joints; 46 patients have stable knees. Most of them are engaging in sport again.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Experiences with the use of cerium nitrate silver sulfadiazine in the local treatment of thermal injuries in childhood].

Ointment containing cerium nitrate and silver sulphadiazine (Flammacerium) was applied to 47 children with second-degree to third-degree thermal injuries, with something between five and 60 per cent of the body surface being affected, as had been reported in a one-year prospective study. This ointment proved to be superior to several alternative approaches with regard to local properties, antimicrobial effectiveness, and applicability to several degree of burns. The process of treatment can be optimised due to unproblematic applicability in open and closed variants under both hospitalised and outpatient conditions. This assessment has been underlined by good to very good therapeutic results.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1987

Damage of erythrocytes by activated oxygen generated in hypoxic rat liver.

The implication of activated oxygen in the interaction between hypoxic rat liver and circulating erythrocytes was investigated. Reduced species of oxygen generated in hypoxic liver owing to accelerated purine nucleotide degradation via xanthine oxidase initiate alterations of plasma membrane and glutathione system of erythrocytes. Osmotic fragility, hemolysis rate and erythrocytic GSSG:GSH ratio may be considered as appropriate indicators of oxidative load in liver and other tissues. Addition of erythrocytes to the perfusion medium attenuates the GSSG efflux of hypoxic liver from 2.7 +/- 0.5 nmol x g w.w.-1 x min-1 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 nmol x g w.w.-1 x min-1 Thus, circulating erythrocytes protect the liver against oxidative attack.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The storage capability of pre-filled disposable plastic syringes].

The storage stability of a pre-filled plastic disposable syringe (piston type) of polypropylene as to solvents and ambient oxygen has been studied. To assess the permeability and impermeability of the sealing component parts, the syringes had been stored in a long-time test under different types of seal and different temperatures. Based on the results, the polypropylene plastic disposable syringes were on principal suited to be used in solvents as glycol, ethanol or water, the protection against ambient oxygen is, however, an insufficient one.

Drug Packaging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health in the USSR in the era of Perestroika].

For years, the Health Service of the USSR was considered a model and a guide. Countries in the Third World were invited to follow its various elements in organizing their own national health systems. But, since August 1987, everybody has known that the Health Service of the USSR is in a very bad situation. Official reports, journals of the Party and declarations of the health authorities all emphasized the catastrophic state of the health care organization in USSR: rising mortality rates, alcohol and drug abuse, extensive pollution, hospitals without hygiene or equipment, lack of professionalism and extended corruption among medical doctors and other health workers, patients' dissatisfaction etc... Of special concern are the cardiovascular and maternal mortality rates which are now much higher than in other countries. In the wake of perestroïka, a plan of reform was initiated by the Party and the Government, and was announced in 1988 by Health Minister E.N. Tchazov. The basic principle of the Health Service in the USSR remains prevention. Nevertheless, a great number of new measures will be implemented. Health information and care will be brought to the people by health workers. Mass screening for the most frequent diseases will be performed. Computers will be used on a large scale for managing high risk groups. Health centers will be strengthened. But the most revolutionary element of the reform will be the extension of the "paying sector", with increased number of facilities having financial autonomy. These facilities provide care and require some payment from the patients. They existed previously, but in the future they will be increased and strengthened. This means that the patients will have to pay more money but the services will be likely improved. The future will show whether the plan will succeed or fail.

Delivery of Health Care↗