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Biomedical subjects

S Geisler

Publications and source records attributed to S Geisler.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Normal eye tracking is associated with abnormal morphology of medial temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia.

Eye tracking and brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging were examined in 48 patients in their first episode of schizophrenia and in 15 normal controls. Schizophrenic patients showed higher rates of eye tracking dysfunction and more abnormal brain morphology involving the lateral ventricles, medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures and the frontal-parietal cortex than controls. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles and global rating of abnormal brain morphology were significantly more prevalent in male schizophrenics than female schizophrenics. These findings indicate that abnormalities in a variety of brain regions are present in some schizophrenics during the period shortly after the first hospitalization and could not be a function of treatment or chronic illness. We found no relation between abnormal eye tracking and any single feature of abnormal brain morphology. However, normal eye tracking was significantly associated with MTL abnormalities in schizophrenics, reflecting an inverse association between quality of eye tracking and degree of abnormality in MTL structures. These results suggest that abnormal eye tracking is not mediated by the same processes that lead to structural brain anomalies in schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Behavioral response to methylphenidate and treatment outcome in first episode schizophrenia.

In order to examine the relationship of behavioral response to psychostimulants and acute treatment response, we administered methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), an indirect dopamine (DA) agonist, to 38 patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for definite or probable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, were experiencing their first acute episode of psychosis, and had received less than 12 weeks or no prior lifetime neuroleptic exposure. Following baseline methylphenidate infusions, patients received a standardized regimen of acute neuroleptic treatment. Methylphenidate produced an increase in psychopathology reflected by a worsening of both positive and negative symptoms. Using a priori criteria, 61 percent of patients exhibited psychotic symptom activation, and 39 percent showed no change. Activation during methylphenidate infusion during the initial acute phase of illness was not correlated with time to achieve antipsychotic treatment response but was associated with side-effect vulnerability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cardiac involvement within the scope of HIV-1 infection: preliminary results of echocardiography study].

The results of one- and two-dimensional echocardiography in 128 patients (117 males, 11 females; median age 37 years) who were seropositive for HIV-1 were analyzed in addition to clinical, electrocardiographic, and laboratory data. Follow-up controls are available for 51 patients over an observation period of 1 to 24 months, median 9.5 months. Probably HIV-related echocardiographic abnormalities were identified in 36 patients (28%): small to moderate pericardial effusions (n = 34) and left ventricular dilation (n = 5). Pericardial effusions resolved in seven patients during follow-up, in three cases after tuberculostatic chemotherapy. Compared to patients without cardiac involvement patients with HIV-related echocardiographic abnormalities showed lower CD4-lymphocyte counts (143 +/- 138 vs 289 +/- 219/microliters, p less than or equal to 0.01), and left ventricular endsystolic dimensions were increased (34.2 +/- 4.5 vs 32.6 +/- 3.0 mm, p less than or equal to 0.05). Cardiac involvement occurred predominantly in the advanced stages of the HIV-1 infection with unclear etiology in the majority of cases, even though active concomitant diseases could be frequently demonstrated. The clinical course of some patients might be consistent with intercurrently completed perimyocarditis, probably of viral genesis. CD4-lymphocyte counts less than or equal to 100/microliters could be identified as a risk factor for the development of cardiac manifestations. The significance of a demonstrated involvement of the heart with regard to therapeutic consequences and prognosis appeared to be slight. Use of echocardiography as a routine method for the detection of cardiac involvement in HIV-1 infection has proved to be valuable, since indicative clinical symptoms were lacking in almost all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Quantitative scintigraphic display of myocardial blood flow. Technique and clinical evaluation.

Immediately after coronarography 10 mCi 133Xenon were injected into the left or right coronary artery. A scintillation camera was placed above the thorax of the patient. A computer unit (KRUPP EPR 2500) with magnetic tapes and discs is available for data processing and data storage. Sequential images of the heart are taken over a period of 2 min in a two-second-frame mode and stored on magnetic tape. The total image was divided into 5 - 5 mm areas. From each area a functional curve was registered and the Myocardial Blood Flow (ml/min/100 g myocard) could be calculated from that. For a precise evaluation of the image of the Myocardial Blood Flow, any influences originating from other regions of the body had to be excluded. Therefore all curves are rejected which did not (a) reach their maximum value within 15s after injection, or (b) where the maximum was less than 10% of the highest maximum value of the reference curve. The values of the Myocardial Blood Flow calculated in this manner are displayed on a TV-screen. These values can be transformed into 10 colors or grey levels. This method has been proven to be useful in clinical practice for functional studies, especially for the judgement of the effectivity of pharmaceuticals. The quantitative display technique of the "Myocardial Blood Flow" improves the clinical statement in comparison to a scintigraphic picture.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗