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Biomedical subjects

S Ghose

Publications and source records attributed to S Ghose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Frog prohormone convertase PC2 mRNA has a mammalian-like expression pattern in the central nervous system and is colocalized with a subset of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons.

The prohormone convertase (PC2) is expressed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and has been shown to play an important role in the processing of certain neuropeptide precursors and prohormones at paired basic residues. Amphibian PC2 cDNA was recently cloned for the frog Xenopus laevis, and both its sequence and its pituitary expression pattern were shown to be very similar to those of mammalian PC2. To investigate further the function of PC2 in the vertebrate CNS, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry to localize the distribution of cells expressing PC2 mRNA in the frog brain and the spinal cord. The distribution of PC2-expressing cells was also compared with that of cells expressing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mRNA or peptide. PC2-expressing cells were detected in specific nuclei that were widely distributed in the frog CNS. In forebrain, telencephalic PC2 mRNA was found in the olfactory bulb, pallium, striatum, amygdala, and septum, and diencephalic PC2 mRNA was seen in the preoptic area, thalamus, and hypothalamus. More posteriorly, PC2 cells were localized to midbrain tegmentum, the torus semicircularis, and the optic tectum, as well as the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Despite this wide distribution steady-state levels of PC2 mRNA were clearly different in various brain nuclei. Regions with higher levels showed good correspondence to areas shown by others in frog to contain large numbers of neuropeptide-expressing cells, including TRH cells. On the other hand, not all brain areas with high levels of TRH mRNA had high levels of PC2 mRNA. Localization studies combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that, at least in optic tectum and brainstem, PC2 mRNA and pro-TRH peptide coexist. These findings suggest that pro-TRH is processed by PC2 in some, but possibly not all, brain regions. Thus, different converting enzymes may be involved in pro-TRH processing in different brain regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Radioactivity in marine fish of the Bay of Bengal.

The concentrations of natural radionuclides of 40K, 232Th and 238U and artificial radionuclides of 137Cs and 134Cs in different marine fish samples from the Bay of Bengal were determined. In some of the fish samples contamination of the 137Cs radionuclide was observed, but 134Cs was below detection level.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The optic nerve in children with craniosynostosis. A pre and post surgical evaluation.

Optic nerve (ON) damage especially from papilloedema can be prevented with timely detection. The detailed ocular and radiographic status of 33 unoperated craniosynostosis (CS) was documented prospectively; the ON was also assessed by flash VER and A-scan echography for ON thickness. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was done for all suspected and early papilloedemas. ON involvement diagnosed in 10/33 showed highly significant correlations with multiple suture synostoses (p = 0.004) and exorbitism (p < 0.001). VER latency was increased in all 5 ON atrophies; and also in 1/5 papilloedemas without atrophic changes, urgent surgery in which reversed VER changes, and vision later improved from 6/60 to 6/9. FA was valuable for confirming the clinical diagnosis of the earliest papilloedemas; the FA also returned to normal with immediate therapy along with reversal of the clinical picture. ON echography especially helped in monitoring regression of disc oedema. Ours seems the first report especially in CS where a critical follow-up of all above parameters in 21 operated/33 could objectively establish the role of each investigation in conjunction with careful clinical monitoring especially of the ON head. Such comprehensive evaluation should help reduce the blindness often seen in such children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Protein adsorption to hydrophobic Zeolite Y: salt effects and application to protein fractionation.

The binding equilibria of proteins with a hydrophobic variety of crystalline Zeolite Y is affected by salt and is a function of the type of salt and its concentration. The behaviour does not always follow the conventional pattern of increased binding at high salt concentrations and varies also for the different proteins involved. The overall process may be looked upon as a salting-in/salting-out mechanism. This material can be used as a surface for the selective adsorption of proteins and has been applied for the fractionation of ox heart homogenate in multi-stage operations. The presence of NaCl influences the protein binding, and this can be seen by monitoring the activity profile of lactate dehydrogenase. The bound protein can be reversed by treating the equilibrium mixture with low-molecular-mass poly(ethylene glycol)s.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Spontaneous hyphema in an infant with Christmas disease.

A 4-month-old boy presented with an apparently spontaneous uniocular hyphema as the initial manifestation of Christmas disease (hemophilia B). Although it is uncommon for patients with hemophilia to experience major bleeds in infancy, and the ocular involvement is usually limited to periocular hemorrhages, we recommend that a coagulation profile be obtained in all patients with intraocular hemorrhage to rule out this disease.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of displacement chromatography for the recovery of lactate dehydrogenase from beef heart under scale-up conditions.

A complex mixture of proteins was subjected to displacement development from a Tris Acryl DEAE anion-exchange column. Lactate dehydrogenase was used as the target protein in the evaluation of the resolution and separation under scale-up conditions. The conditions of operation were scaled up in terms of column size and protein load. Column length was found to play an important role in resolving the mixture. The performance of the displacement mode run was compared with a conventional ion-exchange elution run in terms of fraction purity and specific activities. In general, displacement chromatography of the complex mixture yielded better results.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Microphthalmos and anterior segment dysgenesis in a family.

An unusual sibship is described of a spectrum of microphthalmos associated with various degrees of anterior segment mesodermal dysgenesis ranging from partial sclerocornea to congenital anterior staphyloma. The possible embryologic significance of these anomalies manifesting together are discussed, along with the visual benefits which are sometimes surprisingly attainable in these usually hopeless eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Symmetrical partial lateral 'cryptophthalmos'. A new concept of its embryological pathogenesis.

A unique case of bilateral, partial cryptophthalmos is described, with no associated systemic anomalies. There were symmetrical, well-developed palpebral apertures medially with small conjunctival sacs, and symmetrical hemicryptophthalmos laterally. A faint groove extended temporally over the fused lids on both sides. There was a distinct plane of cleavage laterally between the disorganized microphthalmic globes and overlying tissues. The surgical observations are detailed.

Eye↗
PubMed1987

Pneumococci in ocular disease of children and their treatment.

A total of 171 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained from eyes of children who had congenital dacryocystitis, congenital cataract and glaucoma, acute bacterial conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, nasolacrimal duct block, or discharging socket, or who had developed ectropion, endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. The highest number of strains was obtained from cases of dacryocystitis (74.4%), followed by conjunctivitis (8.2%) and those having developed nasolacrimal duct block (7.6%). The least overall resistance was to erythromycin (17.6%) and chloramphenicol (31.0%). Erythromycin being unavailable for ocular use in India, chloramphenicol was reported to be one of the best drugs against pneumococcal ocular infections in children, the other being cloxacillin, a 2.5% solution of which is made from injectable cloxacillin and used as an ophthalmic preparation. Their use on patients has met with considerable success. Nineteen out of 20 isolates were typeable--the types being 3, 46, 8, 28, 29, 45, 21 and 18. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from a developing country of serotyping ocular strains of pneumococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of cycloplegic and manifest refractions on the NR-1000F (an objective Auto Refractometer).

The manifest (dry) and cycloplegic refractions of 50 eyes of 25 patients aged 8 to 28 years were studied on the Nikon Auto Refractometer NR-1000F (AR) and compared with the results of clinical refraction (CR) under homatropine and the final clinical acceptance on postmydriatic testing. Only patients in the younger age groups with low to moderate refractive errors were included in this study; high myopes and hypermetropes and patients with aphakia and mixed astigmatism were excluded. The degree of agreement for spherical equivalents, sphere components, and cylinder components was analysed separately for both cycloplegic and manifest refractions on the AR and CR. The results showed that the fixation target in the NR-1000F induces significant instrument myopia during manifest refraction in the younger patients with lower refractive errors. We recommend that caution should be exercised in interpreting manifest refractions on the AR, especially in younger patients. A cycloplegic automatic refraction would be acceptably accurate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A method for fundus evaluation in children with oral fluorescein.

A procedure is described for the ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus in children after 1% or 2% oral fluorescein ingestion without sedation or anaesthesia. No major complications or any allergic reactions were observed. In the ophthalmoscopically normal fundi of the five healthy children studied the fluorescence of the nerve head and retinal blood vessels could be visualised at 15 minutes, increasing at 30 minutes, and declining by 60 minutes. The possible problems of the technique are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Role of oral fluorescein in the diagnosis of early papilloedema in children.

Nine eyes of suspected papilloedema, 21 with incipient papilloedema, and 16 with pseudopapilloedema in 23 children aged 1 month to 10 years were examined after oral fluorescein. In pseudopapilloedema the retinal vascular fluorescence and slight disc head fluorescence with sharp margins at 30 minutes markedly declined by 60 minutes. These features were similar to our earlier findings with oral fluorescein in the normal fundi of children. Of the 30 eyes with suspected or incipient papilloedema late disc and peripapillary 'staining', polar or diffuse was observed in 12, the 60 minutes fluorescence being more than at 30 minutes in nine and of equal in intensity in three. In these 12 'positive' eyes, and four more of the 18 'negative' eyes, the retinal vascular fluorescence at 60 minutes was significantly more than at 30 minutes. The problems of interpretation after oral fluorescein in the early diagnosis of papilloedema in children and the possible fallacies are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

An evaluation of the NR-1000F Auto Refractometer in high refractive errors.

The manifest refractions of 37 high myopic and 16 high hypermetropic eyes in a total of 28 patients, aged 5 to 42 years, were determined on the Nikon NR-1000F Auto Refractometer. The data obtained were compared with the final clinical prescriptions for these eyes and analysed for degree of agreement for the spherical equivalents, sphere components, and cylinder powers and axes. The Auto Refractometer recordings for all the different refractive components were observed to skew towards more minus in the high myopic eyes but more plus in the high hypermetropes. The possible significance of these skewing patterns is discussed with reference to our earlier studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Isolated coloboma of the optic nerve head: an echographic evaluation.

The echographic profile of the optic nerve was studied in ten eyes with coloboma of the optic nerve head. Optic nerve dimensions measured with A-scan ultrasonography revealed an increase in the overall diameter of the nerve; B-scan echography was performed in six patients and showed excavation of the optic discs with a double-walled lining posteriorly. Additional B-scan features included widening of the anterior angle of the nerve and random perpendicular echoes in the anterior part of the nerve head. The similarities and differences in echographic pictures observed in coloboma of the optic disc and glaucomatous optic atrophy are described, and the genesis of these ultrasonographic features is discussed.

Coloboma↗
PubMed1986

Critical evaluation of the NR-1000F Auto Refractometer.

The manifest (dry) refractions of 165 eyes of 86 patients, aged 6 to 75 years, were studied on the Nikon Auto Refractometer NR-1000F. The results obtained were compared with the clinical refractive data, and they were analysed for degree of agreement of various refractive components in different types and grades of refractive errors in the separate age groups. On the NR-1000F the spherical and cylindrical components and spherical equivalents skewed towards more minus (or less plus), especially so in emmetropes, low hypermetropes, and low myopes. This error declined with increasing age over 40 years and was also significantly lower in aphakia and mixed astigmatism. Determination of cylinder axis was found to be reliable on the NR-1000F. In spite of the obvious utility of the device its inbuilt automatic fogging system does not seem adequately to neutralise the patient's accommodative efforts, as the fixation target probably induces instrument myopia.

Adolescent↗