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Biomedical subjects

S Glazier

Publications and source records attributed to S Glazier.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Editing status at the Q/R site of the GluR2 and GluR6 glutamate receptor subunits in the surgically excised hippocampus of patients with refractory epilepsy.

The editing status of mRNA at the Q/R site of the glutamate receptor subunits GluR2 and GluR6 modulates channel conductivity and ion selectivity of ionotropic AMPA/KA receptors. Alteration of the editing process may be involved in the debilitating effects of epilepsy. The ratio of unedited/edited (Q/R) forms of GluR2 and GluR6 subunits was examined in conjunction with the expression of two double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases (DRADA) in surgically excised hippocampus from patients with refractory epilepsy compared with that of control samples. In the majority of patients with long histories of epilepsy, the GluR2 transcript was detected in the completely edited form, however, in two (out of 16 tested) hippocampal samples of young subjects (2 and 10 years old) we were able to identify the unedited transcript of GluR2 subunit. The proportion of unedited fraction of GluR6(Q) subunit was decreased to 9% compared to control human hippocampus. We conclude that the editing process in epileptic specimens is selectively affected by seizure activity in the epileptic focus.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1998

Sinus pericranii.

Sinus pericranii is an anomalous extracranial vascular malformation that is in continuity with the intracranial dural venous sinuses. Five case reports, three congenital and two traumatic, are described. Clinical management, including evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment, is discussed. Awareness of this entity by plastic surgeons will allow for earlier diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, resulting in decreased risk of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Changes in glutamate receptor subunit composition in hippocampus and cortex in patients with refractory epilepsy.

An assessment of glutamate receptor subunit profiles was made in hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex of patients with refractory epilepsy. Molecular biological analyses using reverse transcription reaction (RT) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed changes in the distribution profile of the transcripts of AMPA/KA glutamate receptor subunits in hippocampal and cortical tissue from patients with refractory epilepsy when compared to similar tissue from six human and four non-human primate samples with no history of seizures or seizure medication. A severe mean decrease (38% of control) in mRNA for the GluR1 subunit was found in 400 mm cross-sections of hippocampus from patients with epilepsy. Less severe but significant reductions in that GluR1 subunit expression (54% of control) were exhibited in samples of excised temporal pole cortex from the same subjects. Message for the GluR4 subunit was also significantly decreased in hippocampus (68% of control), but in contrast to GluR1, GluR4 mRNA level was not decreased in temporal cortex. Levels of GluR2 mRNA were not significantly changed in epileptic hippocampal and cortical tissue relative to control samples. Protein levels of the GluR1 and GluR4 subunits quantified by Western blot analysis were also reduced in hippocampal and cortical tissue from epilepsy patients. Two other kainate subunit transcripts, GluR6 and KA1 also showed significant changes compared to non-epileptic tissue (136% and 71% of control, respectively). Results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms by which protracted seizures could produce selective loss of certain AMPA/KA subunits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Development of skills for coping with arthritis: an innovative group approach.

Innovative group sessions were initiated in 1990 to address the psychosocial needs of clients with arthritis. In our unique approach, the facilitator, in each session, reads aloud a journal describing an aspect of living with arthritis. These journals are powerful tools that foster the process of learning to cope. Members experience normalization of their feelings, as well as reduced isolation. Improved coping skills are thereby developed. The topics include: Credibility, Living with Unpredictability, Living in Fear, Living with Chronic Pain, Living with Loss, Anger and Depression, Relationships and Sexuality, and Coping Strategies. These innovative methods are more efficient and can have a far stronger impact than individual counselling. Groups have taken place in community settings, but could be adapted to hospital settings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Features and outcome of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention.

No-reflow is an uncommon complication that may occur after revascularization of patients with acute myocardial infarction, after interventions in saphenous vein bypass grafts, and after the use of some new interventional devices. However, the clinical impact of no-reflow after coronary intervention is unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the incidence, clinical presentation, angiographic characteristics, and outcome of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention. No-reflow was defined as an acute reduction in antegrade flow (< or = 1, as defined by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] trial) not attributable to abrupt closure, high-grade stenosis, or spasm of the original target lesion. Among 10,676 coronary interventions performed between October 1988 and June 1993, no-reflow occurred in 66 patients (0.6%). These patients were compared with a subgroup of 500 consecutive patients who did not exhibit no-reflow. The incidence of no-reflow was 30 of 9,431 (0.3%) for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 1 of 317 (0.3%) for excimer laser, 8 of 104 (7.7%) for Rotablator (Heart Technologies, Bellevue, Washington), 21 of 469 (4.5%) for extraction atherectomy, and 6 of 355 (1.7%) for directional atherectomy. Compared with those without no-reflow, patients with no-reflow experienced a 10-fold higher incidence of in-hospital death (15%) and acute myocardial infarction (31%). Correlates of in-hospital mortality included acute myocardial infarction on presentation (p = 0.006) and final flow < 3 (as defined by the TIMI trial) at completion of the procedure (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Comparative results of transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy in saphenous vein graft lesions with and without thrombus.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the results of transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy in saphenous vein graft lesions with and without angiographic thrombus. BACKGROUND: Percutaneous interventions in lesions with thrombus are associated with reduced procedural success and increased risk of complications. Use of the transluminal extraction catheter, which cuts and aspirates atheroma and thrombus, has been advocated as a potential revascularization strategy for lesions with thrombus. METHODS: Baseline patient characteristics, lesion morphology, immediate angiographic results, in-hospital complications and follow-up were prospectively entered into an interventional cardiology data base. The results of transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy in saphenous vein bypass grafts with angiographic thrombus were compared with results in similar grafts without angiographic thrombus. RESULTS: Transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy was performed in 175 patients with 183 vein graft lesions, including 59 lesions (32%) with thrombus (Group 1) and 124 (68%) without thrombus (Group 2). Compared with lesions in Group 2, lesions in Group 1 were associated with a higher incidence of baseline total occlusion, diffuse disease and abnormal Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade flow (p < 0.05); more severe diameter stenosis at baseline, after atherectomy and after final angiography (p < 0.05); a lower rate of clinical success (69% vs. 88%, p < 0.01); and more angiographic and clinical complications, including no reflow (p < 0.05), vascular repair (p < 0.05) and Q wave myocardial infarction (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: In transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy of saphenous vein bypass grafts, the presence of thrombus is associated with more baseline lesion complexity, reduced clinical success and increased risk of no reflow, Q wave myocardial infarction and vascular repair.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Perforations after percutaneous coronary interventions: clinical, angiographic, and therapeutic observations.

Coronary perforation is a rare, but potentially catastrophic, complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. A retrospective review of the Cardiology Quality Assurance Database was performed for all percutaneous coronary interventions (n = 8,932) at William Beaumont Hospital from October 1988 to December 1992. Coronary artery perforation was reported in 35 patients (0.4%), including after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA, 11/7,905, 0.14%), transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy (TEC, 6/420, 1.3%), directional coronary atherectomy (DCA, 1/249, 0.25%), and excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA, 5/242, 2%); and none after high-speed mechanical rotational atherectomy with the Rotablator (MRA, 0/116, 0%). Perforations were classified by coronary angiography as free perforations (n = 10), contained perforations (n = 17), or other types of perforation (n = 8). Although perforation was apparent in 32 (91%) of 35 angiograms, delayed cardiac tamponade occurred in 3 patients (9%), despite the absence of angiographic evidence for perforation at the time of the procedure. Causes of perforation were the guidewire in 7 (20%), an interventional device in 26 (74%), and indeterminate in 2 (6%). Complex B2 or C lesions accounted for 83% of perforations. Final treatment included conservative therapy (reversal of anticoagulation and/or PTCA) in 22 (63%) and surgical intervention (with or without bypass surgery) in 13 (37%). Serious clinical complications included cardiac tamponade in 6 (17%), blood transfusion in 12 (34%), myocardial infarction in 9 (26%), and death in 3 (9%).

Aged↗
PubMed1993

An amperometric flow-injection analysis biosensor for glucose based on graphite paste modified with tetracyanoquinodimethane.

A biosensor system using flow injection analysis (FIA) has been developed for the analysis of glucose in human serum. The system consists of the enzyme glucose oxidase incorporated into graphite paste modified with the electroactive material tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). TCNQ acts as an efficient mediator for oxidation of the reduced enzyme at 200 mV vs Ag/AgCl. The flow injection assay described has detection limits of 2 mM glucose using a 100-microliters sample injection through a 250-microliters sample loop. Data are presented to show the effect of sample injection volume and flow rate on the response of the FIA sensor. The biosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility for 800 injections. The loss of response after 800 injections was due to leaching of TCNQ from the graphite paste. Each assay takes 3 min giving a sample throughput of 20 per hour at a flow rate of 30 ml/h. The sensor was applied to the determination of glucose in human serum. The glucose measurements are in good agreement with those of a commercially available spectrophotometric method. Data showing the effect of interfering substances, ascorbic acid and acetaminophen, on the response of the sensor are also reported.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1980

Posterior peripheral seal distortion related to height of the maxillary ridge.

A statistically significant positive relationship exists between ridge height of a cast and dimensional changes in the posterior peripheral seal region of its denture base. This dimensional change might be clinically insignificant, but it should not be ignored. The relationship between distortion of the denture base and composition of the denture teeth is not significant. The relationship of distortion of the denture base at the region of the posterior peripheral seal and variables of ridge height and tooth composition were studied. A positive relationship exists between ridge height and distortion, but no significant relationship was found between dimensional change and the use of porcelain or acrylic resin teeth. Using computer analysis, an equation, table, and curve were derived for values of expected dimensional change in the posterior peripheral seal region related to various ridge heights.

Acrylic Resins↗