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Biomedical subjects

S Goel

Publications and source records attributed to S Goel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effects of fumonisin B1-contaminated feeds on weanling angora goats.

Two diets containing no (<1.0 mg/ kg) or 95 mg of fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg were fed to eight weanling Angora goats for 112 d. Dry matter intake, apparent nutrient digestibilities, serum chemistry profiles, sphingolipid concentrations, and persistency of FB1 in tissues were evaluated. No differences (P>.10) were found between control and treated goats in terms of DMI, apparent nutrient digestibilities, or ADG. Elevated concentrations (P<.10) of blood-borne enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and increased concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides indicated mild liver damage and kidney dysfunction in treated goats. Linear relationships (P<.10) were observed between these serum constituents and duration of FB1 exposure. The sphingolipid analysis of liver, kidney, and heart tissues showed elevated free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratios in the treated group. The elevated sphingolipid ratios were mainly due to increased concentrations of free sphinganine in tissues. However, without serum profile and sphingolipid analyses, fumonisin toxicosis would not have been recognized because treated animals showed no clinical signs of toxicosis throughout the trial. No measurable FB1 was present in liver, kidney, and heart tissues (detection limit of 1 ppm). However, further research is needed to analyze tissues for FB1 or its metabolites with a lower detection limit. In conclusion, goats can be fed for up to 112 d with diets containing 95 mg FB1/kg of diet without any overt signs of toxicosis and also without any effect on live weight gain.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Temporary stoppage of peritoneal dialysis when laparoscopic procedures are performed on patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD: a change in policy.

Laparoscopic surgery has been gaining in popularity. Prior to 1995, whenever our patients had a laparoscopic procedure it was carried out with the standard precautions, and the patient stayed on peritoneal dialysis (PD). We noticed a high incidence (71.4%) of peritonitis post laparoscopic surgery. Four of the peritonitis patients had cholecystectomies and 1 had a gastrostomy for placement of a feeding tube laparoscopically. The patients' ages ranged from 31 to 74 years; 4 (80%) were females. They had been on PD for a mean of 24 months (range 6-48 months). Peritonitis was diagnosed within a mean of 22.2 hours (r: 12-36 h) post procedure. The causative organisms were Klebsiella in two cases, Staph. aureus in one, Pseudomonas in one, with no growth observed in one. Following this, we instituted a deliberate policy of temporary cessation of PD for 2 weeks post laparoscopic procedure, maintaining the patient on hemodialysis during this period. Since the adoption of this policy, we have had no peritonitis in 7 patients who have undergone laparoscopic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Peritoneal dialysis in patients with abdominal vascular prostheses.

Patients with intra-abdominal vascular catastrophes may develop acute and/or chronic renal failure requiring dialysis. To patients with in-situ vascular prostheses the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) may offer considerable advantages including better hemodynamic control and avoidance of anti-coagulation in a critically ill patient. Institution of PD in such patients, however, often gives rise to concerns relating to peritonitis and subsequent infection of the prosthesis, fluid leaks, and abdominal wound dehiscence. A review of available literature suggests that PD has been utilized in both acute and chronic renal failure following intra-abdominal vascular procedures. PD appears to be an efficient mode of dialysis with a surprisingly small number of complications in these patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

The rationale for, and role of, heparin in peritoneal dialysis.

The administration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) heparin enjoys time-honored use and is felt to be side-effect free. It is administered whenever fibrin is detected in the dialysate effluent. It is believed that there is no absorption of heparin across the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this article was to review the rationale behind the administration of i.p. heparin, to show that absorption and side effects may occur, and to present recent evidence that questions the routine use of this drug as an additive to dialysate fluid.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1997

Benzodiazepine receptors in the post-mortem brain of suicide victims and schizophrenic subjects.

To examine the role of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in suicide and schizophrenia, we determined BZ receptors in post-mortem brain (Brodmann's area 10) obtained from suicide victims, schizophrenic patients, and control subjects using [3H]RO15-1788 as the radioligand. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of BZ receptors in the cortex of suicide victims was significantly higher compared with controls, but this increase was mainly due to those suicide victims who died by violent means and whose Bmax was significantly higher than of those who died by non-violent means or control subjects. In schizophrenic patients, Bmax was not significantly different from that of control subjects. When the schizophrenic subjects were separated into two groups, those on neuroleptics and those off neuroleptics for at least 12 months, however, the mean Bmax of BZ receptors in the prefrontal cortex in post-mortem brain obtained from schizophrenic patients on neuroleptics was significantly lower than Bmax in drug-free schizophrenic patients or normal controls. There were no significant differences among groups in values of the apparent dissociation constant (KD) of [3H]RO15-1788 binding. These results suggest that BZ receptors are up-regulated in the cortex of suicide victims, specifically those who used violent means, and that neuroleptic treatment may result in decreased central BZ receptor binding in the cortex of schizophrenic patients. Thus, the method of suicide and previous exposure to neuroleptics should be considered in the interpretation of data on BZ receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Apolipoprotein E suppresses glial cell secretion of TNF alpha.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 299 amino acid protein with multiple biological functions. Initially described in the context of cholesterol metabolism, apoE also has immunomodulatory properties and recent evidence has implicated a role for apoE in neurological disease. One possibility is that apoE, which is the predominant apolipoprotein produced intra-axially, may modify the CNS response to acute and chronic injury. We prepared mixed neuronal-glial cultures from apoE deficient mouse pups and measured secretion of TNF alpha after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence and absence of human recombinant apoE3 and E4. We demonstrate that preincubation with apoE blocks glial secretion of TNF alpha in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is independent of any direct effect of apoE on cell viability and is greatest when apoE is preincubated with the cell culture for 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Idiosyncratic pacing with a commercial pacing system analyzer.

An idiosyncratic response of the Medtronic AV Pacing System Analyzers (models 5311 [unipolar] and 5311B [bipolar]) during high output AAI pacing is reported. Using the bipolar analyzer with unipolar cables and a 2734 adaptor, ventricular capture was noted during high output AAI pacing when the ground was displaced from the patient. Using the unipolar analyzer with bipolar cables also resulted in ventricular capture with high output AAI pacing. Implanting physicians should be aware of this phenomenon to avoid false conclusions.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1996

Carbamylated hemoglobin: a potential marker for the adequacy of hemodialysis therapy in end-stage renal failure.

Urea can dissociate in vivo to form isocyanic acid which can react with hemoglobin to form carbamylated hemoglobin. Previous work has shown that formation of carbamylated hemoglobin depends upon both the severity and the duration of renal failure. To determine whether carbamylated hemoglobin can be used as an assessment of the adequacy of hemodialysis treatment, we prospectively studied 55 stable patients who regularly attended our hospital dialysis program. Carbamylated hemoglobin was greater in those patients with a Kt/V of < or = 1.1 compared to those with a Kt/V of > 1.1 (120 +/- 8 micrograms VH/gHb versus 99 +/- 7, P < 0.01), and there was a negative correlation with Kt/V (r = -0.37, P = 0.007). There were positive correlations between carbamylated hemoglobin and the time-averaged urea concentration (r = 0.4, P = 0.004), and a negative correlation with the urea reduction ratio (r = -0.37, P = 0.01). Carbamylated hemoglobin may therefore be a useful marker of the degree of uremia, just as glycosylated hemoglobin is used in the assessment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Wegener's granulomatosis involving the urogenital tract.

OBJECTIVE: To report eight cases of limited Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) affecting the urogenital tract (testis, ureter, bladder, urethra and penis) and to emphasize the importance of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) test in establishing the diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients (six men and two women, aged 41-77 years) were diagnosed with WG, based on their previous medical history, the ANCA test and by biopsy. RESULTS: In each case, there were difficulties and delay in establishing the diagnosis of WG and starting appropriate treatment. The ANCA test was positive in seven cases and helped in establishing the diagnosis, in conjunction with the confirmation of vasculitis and granulomata by biopsy. CONCLUSION: We advocate ANCA testing in patients presenting with limited urogenital disease in association with a past or present relevant history of arthritis, skin vasculitis and/or biopsies showing necrosis or non-specific inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Role of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound and computed tomography in the detection of bladder involvement in advanced cancer of the cervix.

The imaging data of 125 advanced cancer cervix patients attending the Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital between June 1992 and June 1994 was reviewed. The aim of the study was to assess the role of transabdominal pelvic ultrasound (TAPUS) and computed tomography (CT) in the detection of bladder involvement. TAPUS was performed in 65 patients (group I) and CT in 60 patients (group II). With respect to clinical stage, both groups were comparable. Cystoscopy was performed in all patients and the findings were taken as the gold standard for comparison of imaging data. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of TAPUS were 65, 94 and 75%, respectively, while those for CT were 80, 92 and 85%, respectively. Results of the present study reveal that the accuracy of TAPUS is comparable to the accuracy of other imaging modalities in the detection of bladder involvement in cervical cancer and that it should be used more frequently in developing countries that deal with a large number of cervical cancer patients in view of its easy availability, low cost and absence of exposure to radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Adequacy of solar energy to keep babies warm.

OBJECTIVE: Solar energy could be used as an alternate energy source for keeping neonates warm especially in tropical countries. The present study investigated the efficacy of solar powered room heating system. SETTING: Referral center for neonatal care. INTERVENTION: A fluid system heated by solar panels and circulated into a room was used to maintain room temperature. A servocontrolled heating device was used to regulate and maintain desired room temperature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neonatal rectal temperature and room temperature. RESULT: Infants between 1750-2250 g were observed to require a mean room temperature of 32.5 degrees C to maintain normothermia. In 85 infants less than 1500 g, of the 5050 infant temperature records, only 3% showed a record less than 36 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Solar powered room heating is effective in maintaining infant temperature and is cost-effective as compared to the existing warming devices.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Effects of fusarium moniliforme isolates on tissue and serum sphingolipid concentrations in horses.

Disruption in sphingolipid (SL) metabolism is a biomarker of exposure to fumonisins. The role of altered SL metabolism in the pathogenesis of fumonisin toxicoses is not understood. A 27-d feeding trial in horses compared the toxic effects of 3 strains of Fusarium moniliforme: RRC 415, cultured from corn in MS; AU 2/3, cultured from feed associated with clinical signs of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) in horses in AL; and MRC 826, cultured from corn in South Africa and shown to cause equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM). These were cultured on corn and diluted with clean corn and grain mixed with molasses (sweet feed) to final concentrations of < 1, 65-130 and 200 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg, respectively. None of the horses developed DPJ, but horses fed MRC 826 had intestinal lesions consistent with DPJ and horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826 developed ELEM. Serum SL concentrations were analyzed in horses fed control and F moniliforme culture material, in brain and/or intestinal tissues in healthy horses (euthanized in AL and IL), and in horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826. Serum sphinganine (Sa): sphingosine (Szero) ratios were significantly elevated in horses fed AU 2/3 and MRC 826. Sphinganine concentrations were significantly elevated in the hypothalamus-dentate gyrus and brain stem in horses fed AU 2/3, compared to healthy horses. Sphingosine concentrations were significantly elevated in the proximal duodenum and ileum of MRC 826 horses compared to healthy horses. The brain and intestinal tissues in horses with and without pathological lesions did not have changed Sa:S(zero).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effect of peritonitis on the peritoneal membrane transport properties in patients on CAPD.

Peritonitis is known to acutely affect the transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, however, the long-term effects are not known. We studied the effect of peritoneal inflammation on mean dialysate-to-plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P), dialysate protein losses (DPL, g/week), and dialysate albumin losses (DAL, g/week), done at six weeks or more postepisode, in 152 patients [102 (67%) males, mean age 57 years (range 21-91)]. These patients were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for a mean of twelve months (range 1-97). A total of 94 distinct peritonitis episodes were managed in 47 patients (31%). The number of patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 episodes of peritonitis were 105, 29, 3, 6, 4, and 5. These episodes were treated with a standard protocol. There were no statistically significant differences between the D/P, DPL, or DAL between the groups. The parameters did not show any correlation to time on dialysis. Thus, in conclusion, peritonitis, if promptly treated, does not cause any permanent change in D/P, DAL, or DPL.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical features and outcome of patients with thin and ultrathin glomerular membranes.

There is considerable disagreement regarding the natural history of renal disease associated with thin glomerular basement membranes (TGBM). We followed 43 patients (19 male), mean age 41.6 years (range 19-73) for a mean of 88 months (48-140). TGBM was recognized in adults when glomerular basement membrane thickness, measured from multiple sites in electronmicrographs of renal biopsy tissue as the harmonic mean, was < 320 nm. At presentation, 95% had microscopic haematuria, 12% macroscopic haematuria, 14% loin pain, 28% proteinuria, and 14% hypertension. There was no difference in GBM width between the sexes (male 258 nm vs. female 251 nm) but there was a significant negative correlation between age and GBM width (r = -0.53, p < 0.001), with older patients having the thinnest membranes. Twenty six patients had ultrathin GBM (< 270 nm), of whom 54% had 3+ haematuria vs. 12% of the group with BM > 270 nm (p < 0.01). In the ultrathin group, 71% had loss of anionic charge from the GBM, vs. 17% in those with membranes which were thin but > 270 nm (p < 0.05). Proteinuria occurred more frequently in those with GBM > 270 nm, 65% vs. 8% in the ultrathin group (p < 0.01). Thin GBM were associated with a benign prognosis, as after a mean follow-up of 85 months (48-140), there was no significant change in either serum creatinine or mean arterial blood pressure. Patients with ultrathin GBM had greater loss of GBM anionic charge, which might result in both an alteration of flow characteristics within the glomerular capillaries and also increased fragility of the glomerular basement membrane with likelihood of rupture and resultant macroscopic haematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Aortic valve disease in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.

Wegener's granulomatosis usually affects the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as the kidney. Cardiac involvement is rare, although electrocardiographic abnormalities, coronary artery vasculitis, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction have been described. We report two cases of aortic valve disease associated with Wegener's granulomatosis that were progressive despite clinical remission of Wegener's disease in both patients. One patient has undergone successful valve replacement and the other is currently awaiting surgery. Aortic valve histopathology showed myxoid degeneration that was most likely due to previously active vasculitis affecting the vessels of the aortic wall and valvular necrosis with subsequent progressive degeneration of the cusps.

Adult↗