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S Goerdt

Publications and source records attributed to S Goerdt.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine-1, a novel structural homologue of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha with a Th2-associated expression pattern.

We have cloned a novel human CC-chemokine, alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine (AMAC)-1. The isolated cDNA clone (803 bp) shows a single open reading frame of 267-bp coding for 89 amino acid residues; mature AMAC-1 protein is predicted to consist of 69 amino acids with a m.w. of 7855. Sequence alignment and 3D-modeling show the typical structural characteristics of CC-chemokines with special features in the receptor-activating domain. AMAC-1 is most closely related to MIP-1 alpha with a cDNA and protein sequence homology of 55% and 59%, respectively. However, the expression pattern of AMAC-1 is directly opposite to that of MIP-1 alpha. While MIP-1 alpha is induced by classical macrophage mediators such as LPS and is inhibited by IL-4 and glucocorticoids, AMAC-1 is specifically induced in macrophages by alternative macrophage mediators such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. Expression of AMAC-1 is inhibited by IFN-gamma while glucocorticoids exert a slightly positive synergistic effect in combination with IL-4. Peripheral blood monocytes do not express AMAC-1; time course experiments show that monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is a prerequisite for AMAC-1 expression. Expression of AMAC-1 by granulocyte-macrophage CSF/IL-4-induced, monocyte-derived dendritic cells is complex; in mature adherent dendritic cells, however, only minor AMAC-1 mRNA expression was found. In vivo, AMAC-1 is expressed by alveolar macrophages from healthy persons, smokers, and asthmatic patients. In conclusion, AMAC-1 is a novel CC-chemokine whose expression is induced in alternatively activated macrophages by Th2-associated cytokines; thus, AMAC-1 may be involved in the APC-dependent T cell development in inflammatory and immune reactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Zosteriform lichen aureus].

Lichen aureus is a special localized variant of purpura pigmentosa chronica. A patient presented with an unusual striate and segmental or zosteriform distribution of lichen aureus involving the left leg and lower abdominal area. Histology showed the characteristic dense band-like infiltrate consisting mainly of small lymphocytes and numerous hemosiderin-containing macrophages. No underlying infection or medication could be identified as a trigger. The lesions did not respond well to topical corticosteroid therapy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

[HIV-associated psoriasis. Clinical and histological observations in 36 patients].

Between 1982 and 1995, over 700 HIV-infected patients with different skin diseases were registered at the Department of Dermatology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, The Free University of Berlin. Thirty-six of them (approximately 5%) were diagnosed as having psoriasis. This is clearly a higher prevalence of psoriasis than in the general population (1-2%). If psoriasis lesions are not clinically seen before diagnosis of HIV infection, the disease will preferentially (approximately 80% of these cases) appear during the late stages of the infection (CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.4). Six of the 36 patients with HIV-related psoriasis (= 16%) were found to have severe disease, showing an exsudative clinical picture. In this paper we report in detail on two representative cases from this group of patients. Histological examination also revealed exsudative changes in HIV-infected patients with clinically moderate psoriasis. Immunohistochemically, HIV-related psoriasis showed a moderately decreased number of infiltrating T-cells, in contrast to psoriatic skin from non-infected patients. A marked difference was the reduced expression of the lymphocyte antigen OPD-4 in HIV-related psoriasis. Routine antipsoriatic treatment modalities in combination with systemic retinoids and phototherapy (SUP/PUVA) were successful in the treatment of severe exsudative psoriasis in HIV patients, but the course of the disease was prolonged and exacerbation was more frequent. HIV-related psoriasis was found not to influence the underlying HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Granulomatosis disciformis Miescher].

We describe granulomatosis disciformis Miescher in a 57-year old female patient with typical clinical manifestation: disc-shaped plaques with slight central sclerosis and lesions resembling necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma anulare. Histology revealed an infiltrate mainly composed of macrophages and lymphocytes and small foci of necrobiotic collagen and of new collagen formation. We review the literature on granulomatosis disciformis and nosology, concluding--as do most authors--that granulomatosis disciformis is a characteristic variant within the spectrum of cutaneous noninfectious granulomatous disease lying in between generalized granuloma anulare and necrobiosis lipoidica.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various compartments of the human hair follicle.

Hair follicle vascularization appears to be closely related to the processes involved in hair cycle regulation, in which growth factors, cytokines and other bioactive molecules are involved. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), essential for angiogenesis and vascular permeability, may be responsible for maintaining proper vasculature around the hair follicle during the anagen growth phase. The aim of our study was to compare the in vitro angiogenic capacity, i.e. the steady-state expression of the VEGF gene, of different cultured cell types derived from normal human hair follicles, corresponding to different follicular compartments. Human dermal papilla cells (DPC), fibrous sheath fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and follicular and interfollicular keratinocytes were cultured and studied in vitro for VEGF expression at the mRNA level using RT-PCR, and for VEGF protein synthesis by radioimmunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. In vivo examination for VEGF expression in human terminal hair follicles was performed using immunohistochemical methods. In the present report the expression of four different VEGF molecular isoforms, differing in their angiogenic capacity, are described in different cultured follicular cell types for the first time. Cultured follicular cells strongly expressed mRNA of four VEGF molecular species identified as the 121-, 145-, 165- and 189-amino acid splice variants, the most prominent being the 121-amino acid molecule. DPC, and also other mesenchymal cells such as fibrous sheath fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts, in vivo and in vitro strongly expressed VEGF mRNA and synthesized a 46-kDa VEGF protein, whereas follicular and interfollicular keratinocytes in vitro expressed lower levels of VEGF mRNA and proteins than mesenchymal cells. As the highest expression of VEGF was found in DPC, we suggest that DPC are mainly responsible for angiogenic processes possibly related to the human hair cycle.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1998

Pseudotumour of the tongue caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in an HIV-1 infected immunosuppressed patient.

An HIV-1 infected immunosuppressed patient (CD4+ cell counts: 382 cells/microL; viral load 94,000 copies/mL) with recurrent perianal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections is described, showing an unusual exophytic tumour resembling a squamous cell carcinoma in the lateral part of the tongue. He also had persistent facial herpes infection, oral candidosis, oral hairy leukoplakia and lymphadenopathy. The presence of HSV-2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction both in smears and in a tissue biopsy taken from the involved tongue area. Treatment with brivudin, a new oral virustatic drug, led to rapid regression of the tumour.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Evidence of heterogeneity and quantitative differences of the type 1 5alpha-reductase expression in cultured human skin cells--evidence of its presence in melanocytes.

Steroid 5alpha-reductase is of crucial importance in androgen physiology because it catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the more potent 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in androgen-regulated target tissues. The enzyme occurs in two isoforms, whereby type 1 isozyme exists mainly in the skin and type 2 in the prostate. By using human cell cultures, we examined cutaneous expression and subcellular localization of type 1 5alpha-reductase in vitro. In immunocytochemistry, type 1 5alpha-reductase was detected in the cytoplasm of cultured human sebocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, hair dermal papilla cells, and melanocytes. In western blot studies, two closely lying bands of 21-27 kDa were detected, possibly indicating heterogeneity of the type 1 5alpha-reductase in all the cell types tested, with the exception of beard dermal papilla cells. Northern blot studies revealed most abundant type 1 mRNA in neonatal foreskin keratinocytes, followed by adult facial sebocytes. Occipital hair dermal papilla cells presented higher levels of type 1 5alpha-reductase mRNA than those of beard. These findings were confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Taken together, it seems likely that in cultured human skin cells there exist (i) heterogeneity of type 1 5alpha-reductase protein and (ii) quantitative differences in its transcriptional and translational expression levels.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1997

1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces sphingomyelin hydrolysis in HaCaT cells via tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Treatment of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT with 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) resulted in the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin with peak elevations of ceramide levels after 2-3 h (Geilen, C. C., Bektas, M., Wieder, Th., and Orfanos, C. E. (1996) FEBS Lett. 378, 88-92). In the present paper, the mechanism underlying the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on sphingomyelin hydrolysis was investigated. Using the cell culture supernatant of HaCaT cells treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 2 h, it was possible to induce sphingomyelin hydrolysis as early as 30-60 min after addition to resting cells. Several lines of experimental evidence indicated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) mediates sphingomyelin hydrolysis after 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment: (i) 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated TNFalpha mRNA expression after 1 h, (ii) newly synthesized TNFalpha occurred 2 h after 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment, (iii) indirect activation of sphingomyelin hydrolysis by the supernatant of 1, 25-(OH)2D3-treated HaCaT cells was abolished by preincubation of the supernatant with antibodies directed against TNFalpha, and (iv) preincubation of HaCaT cells with neutralizing antibodies directed against the 55-kDa receptor of TNFalpha blocked the ability of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 to induce sphingomyelin hydrolysis in HaCaT cells. These data demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)2D3 activated sphingomyelin hydrolysis by an autocrine mechanism via TNFalpha expression. Furthermore, this indirect mode of action may serve as an explanation for the delayed induction of sphingomyelin hydrolysis by vitamin D3.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1997

[Superior vena cava syndrome. Description of 3 cases and review of the literature].

Superior vena cava syndrome (VCSS) develops because of a progressive reduction of venous return from the head, neck and the upper extremities. The presenting sign of this relatively rare condition is often a rapidly developing, often massive facial edema. As a consequence, such the patients are often seen initially by a dermatologist. Other clinical characteristics may include cyanotic facial erythema, dilatation of the neck veins, and a prominent venous pattern n the anterior chest. Today, primary lung cancers and other mediastinal tumours represent the most common cause of VCSS, which may take a slowly progressive or a more fulminant course. In these cases, the disease develops rapidly and becomes life-threatening, requiring intensive medial diagnosis and care. We describe three patients with superior vena cava syndrome due to a) bronchogenic carcinoma, b) bihilar sarcoidosis and c) metastasizing malignant melanoma. Since recognition of VCSS broadens the diagnostic spectrum of the dermatologist, an overview on its diagnostic and therapeutic implications is given based on our cases and the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas in Parkinson disease].

We describe clinically and histologically typical eccrine hidrocystomas on the eyelids and forehead of a 60-year-old woman which were successfully treated with topical atropine. Concomitantly the patient had long-standing Parkinson's disease with typical facial seborrhea and hyperhidrosis. In this report, we review the literature about eccrine hidrocystomas and discuss the question of a causal relationship with Parkinson's disease in our patient.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

[Psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis (POPP)].

We describe a patient with painful enlargement and severe nail deformity of both great toes. The patient furthermore presented with some minor diagnostic criteria for psoriasis such as nail pitting and had a positive family history of the disease. In the recent literature, such cases have been recognized as a new entity termed psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis (POPP). In this case report, POPP is discussed in relationship to other forms of psoriatic arthropathy and with special emphasis regarding its diagnostic criteria and therapeutic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Recurrent thrombophlebitis and ulcera crurum as manifestations of hereditary blood coagulation disorders and Klinefelter syndrome. Discussion based on 4 case examples].

Recurrent phlebothromboses in young patients with subsequent severe postthrombotic syndrome and chronic venous leg ulcers may be caused by underlying hereditary disorders of hemostasis or may occur as part of other congenital syndromes. The most common hereditary disorders of hemostasis in this respect appear to be deficiencies of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S, and activated protein C resistance (mutations of factor V). Less frequently, dysfibrinogenemia, increased plasminogen activator inhibitor levels, or deficiencies of tissue plasminogen activator or heparin cofactor II may be found. Klinefelter's syndrome and homocystinuria are prime examples of those rare congenital disorders indirectly associated with an elevated risk of thrombosis in young individuals. Early diagnosis of these disorders will allow timely treatment, preventive care and counselling of patients as well as family members.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Differences in angiogenic potential of classically vs alternatively activated macrophages.

Macrophages (M phi) are important for angiogenesis during inflammation, wound repair, and tumor growth. However, well-characterized M phi subsets such as IFN-gamma-induced, classically activated (ca) M phi or IL-4/glucocorticoid-induced, alternatively activated (aa) M phi have not been thoroughly examined for a positive or negative association with angiogenesis. While caM phi populate early inflammatory reactions and high-turnover granulomas, aaM phi occur in healing wounds and chronic inflammation. In contrast to caM phi-dominated lesions, aaM phi-rich lesions are highly vascularized. In order to determine their angiogenic potential in vitro, these M phi subsets as well as unstimulated control macrophages (coM phi) were analyzed by RT-PCR for mRNA expression of 10 angiogenic factors after 3 and 6 days of culture. Early during activation, caM phi and coM phi expressed equal levels of 8 of 10 angiogenic factors (PDGF-A, MK, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, PDGF-B, HGF, TGF-alpha, IGF-1), while aaM phi showed expression of only 4 of these factors (TGF-beta 1, PDGF-B, HGF, GF-1). After maturation, TGF-alpha and IGF-1 showed a shift in mRNA expression from caM phi to aaM phi resulting in a considerably enhanced expression of these factors in day-6 aaM phi as compared to day-6 caM phi and coM phi while PDGF-A, MK, and TNF-alpha remained suppressed in day 6 aaM phi. In all M phi subsets including controls, mRNA expression of aFGF and bFGF was minimal or absent while TGFG-beta 1, HGF, and ODGF-B were constitutively expressed. In order to functionally integrate angiogenic factor mRNA expression profiles, mitogenic activity of M phi subsets towards microvascular endothelium was assessed by cocultivation. Coculture experiments revealed that endothelial proliferation induced by aaM phi was 3.0-3.5x higher than induced by caM phi. In conclusion, mature aaM phi are well equipped to play an important role in protracted M phi-associated angiogenic processes. Presumably due to expression of predominantly angio-inhibitory cytokines such as TNF-alpha by caM phi but much less by aaM phi, caM phi exhibit only a low angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo despite considerable expression of angiogenic factor mRNA.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗