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Biomedical subjects

S Golub

Publications and source records attributed to S Golub.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nurses' attitudes toward obese persons and certain ethnic groups.

Societal attitudes toward obese persons are predominantly negative, and many health care professionals share these beliefs. This study compared attitudes toward obese persons of 67 US nurses to those of 107 Canadian nurses. Also, attitudes toward obesity were examined as a particular class of prejudice. A positive correlation was hypothesized between ethnic prejudice and prejudice regarding obese persons. Significant differences in attitudes toward obese patients were observed between the two groups on several questionnaire items, and the hypothesis was confirmed by the moderate r of .53 for US nurses. A surprising finding was a new target of ethnic prejudice: the Caucasian majority.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tumour necrosis factor production by IL-2-activated macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

Purified human and murine monocytes can be activated in vitro by human recombinant IL-2 to secrete tumour necrosis factor (TNF). TNF mRNA is detected within 4 h of addition of IL-2. Signal transduction does not appear to require expression of the Tac peptide of the IL-2 receptor. IL-2 does, however, induce Tac mRNA and Tac peptide expression on peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). In addition to these in vitro studies, PBM retrieved from IL-2-treated cancer patients and mice have been shown to have a greatly increased capacity for TNF production. These studies identify a pathway for macrophage activation by IL-2 both in vitro and in vivo. They also suggest a mechanism for some of the immunoregulatory and toxic effects of IL-2 based immunotherapy regimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production by tumor-associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients.

The production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor-associated mononuclear leukocytes (TAML) and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PMBL) from 9 otherwise untreated patients with a variety of malignancies (lung, sarcoma, stomach, renal) was assessed. Cells were cultured for 24 hr in vitro in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL-1 and TNF levels were measured in culture supernatants. TNF production was comparable between TAMLs and PBMLs. However, a striking defect in IL-1 production by TAMLs was noted. There was no basal production of IL-1 and LPS-stimulated TAMLs produced only 1% the amount of IL-1 produced by LPS-stimulated PBMLs.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1986

The role of Medicare reimbursement in contemporary hospital finance.

A hospital, while performing its major function of providing health care, is also viewed as a business. It needs capital from a wide variety of sources, many of which are government regulated. Over the past few years, federal expenditures for Medicare have increased dramatically, as has regulation of hospital revenue sources. Congress enacted the Medicare Prospective Payment System (PPS) to curb hospital cost inflation. This Note examines historical trends in health care financing and analyzes the Medicare reimbursement system, with emphasis on PPS and its impact on hospital revenues. The Note suggests that hospitals, due to the effects of PPS, will be forced to reduce their levels of financial leverage and will have to look for corporate financial alternatives. PPS may signal a new era in hospital finance. Survival mandates an increased focus on efficient corporate, financial and managerial policies.

Capital Financing↗
PubMed1976

The effect of premenstrual anxiety and depression on cognitive function.

The Depression Adjective Check List, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a battery of factor analytically derived cognitive tests sensitive to anxiety or depression were administered to 50 women between the ages of 30 and 45 during the 4 days prior to the onset of menstruation and again 2 weeks later. Testing sessions were scheduled on the basis of a previously completed Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. There were significant increases in anxiety and depression during the premenstruum. However, no statistically significant differences were found in cognitive test performance, and correlation data failed to support any consistent relationship between premenstrual mood and cognitive function. Moreover, no significant correlations were found between premenstrual complaints on the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and either cognitive test performance or mood scores obtained during the premenstrual testing sessions. It was concluded that the magnitude of the premenstrual mood change was not great enough to affect intellectual function. Alternative explanations of the absence of decrements in performance are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The magnitude of premenstrual anxiety and depression.

The magnitude of premenstrual mood changes in 50 parous adult women between the ages of 30 and 45 was assessed using standardized measures of depression and anxiety. Premenstrual test scores were compared with those obtained during the intermenstrual phase of the cycle and with normative data. Premenstrual state anxiety and depression mean scores were significantly higher than those obtained midcycle, but were much lower than those of patients with psychiatric disorders. Trait anxiety scores were low and were not significantly correlated with premenstrual depression and anxiety scores.

Adult↗