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Biomedical subjects

S Goswami

Publications and source records attributed to S Goswami.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Regulation of mucin gene expression in secretory epithelial cells.

To gain insight into the regulation of mucin biosynthesis and secretion at a molecular level, we studied the expression of four mucin genes in several secretory cell types. Oligonucleotide probes for MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC4 were used in Northern blot analysis of total RNA from the cells. It was shown that MUC4 was constitutively expressed in the endometrial cell line (Ishikawa), which we use as a model system for studying airway mucin. Expression was enhanced by secretagogues. Cultured bronchial epithelial cells gave identical results. MUC1, MUC2, and MUC3 were not detected in either cell system. Secretory phase endometrial tissues also expressed only MUC4, but proliferative tissues expressed both MUC4 and MUC1. The data indicate that the mucin genes are differentially expressed in various cells and suggest a possible regulatory role for steroid hormones.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1993

In vivo detection of a novel macrophage-derived protein involved in the regulation of nasal mucus-like glycoconjugate secretion.

BACKGROUND: We recently described a novel 68 kd mucus secretagogue (MMS-68) derived from human monocytes, pulmonary macrophages, and a macrophage hybridoma, clone 63. We detected MMS-68 in monocyte culture supernatants from patients with steroid-dependent asthma and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic bronchitis by antigen capture ELISA and in normal lung tissue by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: To determine a role for MMS-68 in the regulation of nasal mucus, we labeled human nasal turbinates with tritiated glucosamine and assayed for the ability of the previously purified MMS-68 (stock solution) to induce mucus-like glycoconjugate release (MLGC). We also performed immunohistochemistry stains with an anti-MMS-68 antibody (1-D-10) on frozen sections (n = 5) of nasal turbinates from patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis who were undergoing rhinoplasty and measured MMS-68 levels in nasal lavages from patients who were undergoing topical nasal histamine or methacholine challenge. RESULTS: MMS-68 is a potent nasal MLGC secretagogue causing a dose-dependent increase in MLGC release in vitro. Staining revealed a subepithelial distribution for MMS-68. Antigen capture ELISA of nasal lavages demonstrated mean MMS-68 levels from saline control challenge of 0.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms MMS-68 per milligram of protein (n = 5), 8.6 +/- 1.4 micrograms MMS-68 per milligram of protein from histamine challenge and 20.7 +/- 2.3 micrograms MMS-68 per milligram of protein (n = 5) after methacholine challenge. CONCLUSION: Taken together these data suggest that MMS-68 may play a role in the normal regulation of mucus secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (cyclin) expression in normal and abnormal cervical squamous epithelia.

Expression of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and abnormal cervical squamous epithelia using immunoperoxidase stains and PC10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA. PCNA was exclusively expressed in the parabasal and basal layers of normal ectocervix and a similar pattern was seen in nine of the 11 cases with squamous metaplasia. Examples of cervical dysplasia showed expression in higher layers of cervical epithelium, corresponding to the degree of dysplasia. Increased staining was seen in condylomas and markedly reduced staining with atrophy. The percentage of basal cells that stained increased progressively from atrophic to normal, to condylomatous, to dysplastic epithelia. Proliferative activity can be satisfactorily assessed in formalin-fixed cervical epithelia using PC10 PCNA antibody. This assessment can be of potential diagnostic use in difficult cases.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1992

Immunological and respiratory changes in animal food processing workers.

A group of 35 men employed in the processing of animal food was studied to assess the relation between respiratory findings and immunological status. The most frequent positive skin prick reactions to occupational allergens were to fish flour (82.9%), followed by carotene (77.1%), corn (65.7%), four-leaf clover (62.9%), sunflower (54.3%), chicken meat (31.4%), soy (28.6%), and yeast (22.7%). Increased total IgE serum levels were found in 14/35 (40.0%) animal food workers compared to 1/39 (2.6%) in a healthy population (p less than 0.01). A significantly higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was found among the exposed workers compared to control workers. There was however, no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms between animal food workers with positive and negative skin tests to house dust or to fish flour or among those with increased or normal IgE (except for dyspnea). The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the work shift was high among the animal food workers but similar by immunological status. There were significant mean across-shift reductions for all ventilatory capacity tests, being particularly pronounced for FEF25. Workers with positive skin tests to fish flour antigen had significantly larger across-shift reductions in FEF25 than workers with negative skin reactions. An aqueous extract of animal food dust caused a dose-related contractile response of isolated guinea pig tracheal muscle in vitro. Our data suggest that, in addition to any immunological response animal food dust may produce in vivo, it probably also causes direct irritant or pharmacological reactions on the airways as suggested by our in vitro data.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunological findings in hemp workers.

Immunological status and its relation to respiratory findings were studied in 42 female textile workers occupationally exposed to hemp dust and in 49 female control workers. Skin prick tests with hemp or flax dust extracts from different parts of the mill in hemp workers demonstrated the following frequencies of positive tests to antigens: a mixture of hemp and flax extracts (64%), followed by flax extracts (48%), hemp from combing machines (41%), hemp from carding machines (38%), hemp from spinning and weaving machines (33%), and hemp from softening machines (20%). The prevalence of positive skin tests to hemp or flax allergens in control workers was consistently lower, ranging from 21 to 5%. Increased total serum IgE was recorded in 35.7% of hemp workers compared to only 5.0% of control workers (P < 0.05). Hemp workers with positive skin tests had significantly higher prevalences of chronic respiratory symptoms than those with negative skin tests. There were, however, no differences for acute symptoms between workers with positive and negative skin tests. Across-shift changes and baseline lung function were not different when compared by immunologic status. We showed additionally that a water-soluble extract of hemp dust causes a dose-related contraction of nonsensitized guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle when studied in vitro. Our results suggest that frequent immunologic abnormalities can be documented in hemp workers but, with the exception of chronic respiratory symptoms, in general, these do not correlate with respiratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of keratin 19 expression in normal, metaplastic, condylomatous, atrophic, dysplastic, and malignant cervical squamous epithelium.

Keratin 19 (K-19) expression has been strongly correlated with dysplasia in oral epithelium. Expression of K-19 was evaluated by immunoperoxidase staining in formalin-fixed normal ectocervical tissue, normal endocervical tissue, cervical dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, atrophic epithelium, cervical condylomas, and invasive carcinoma to determine if a correlation of K-19 expression with dysplasia was present in the cervical epithelium. Uniform expression of K-19 was seen in endocervical epithelium and in the basal layer of normal ectocervical epithelium in all areas where these epithelia were present. Cervical dysplasia without associated condylomatous changes showed increased expression of K-19 in suprabasal epithelium, corresponding to the level of immature cells. Squamous metaplasia was characterized by scattered cells with increased staining (patch-quilt pattern). There was considerable overlap in the patterns of K-19 expression in dysplastic and metaplastic epithelium. Thus K-19 staining pattern could not be used as a distinctive marker for dysplasia in the cervical epithelium. Atrophic epithelium showed a characteristic uniform but low-level expression of K-19 in suprabasal areas. This pattern may be of diagnostic use in differentiating atrophic lesions from dysplasia. Condylomas showed focal loss of K-19 in the basal layer, suggesting induction of premature differentiation in the basal layer by human papillomavirus infection. Invasive carcinomas showed variable patterns. K-19 is a marker of immature cervical squamous epithelium, with generally distinctive but sometimes overlapping patterns of expression in various diagnostic categories.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1992

In vivo detection of a novel macrophage-derived protein involved in the regulation of mucus-like glycoconjugate secretion.

We previously described a novel 68,000 D macrophage-derived protein (MMS-68) that can stimulate mucus-like glycoconjugate (MLGC) secretion from cultured human airways, respiratory epithelial cells, and the ishikawa adenocarcinoma cell line. To better characterize this mucus secretagogue, we generated monoclonal antibodies against MMS-68 by injecting crushed SDS-PAGE gel slices containing this protein into Balb-C mice followed by fusion with SP2/0, a nonsecreting mouse myeloma cell line. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was produced that identified the 68,000 D MMS by immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation. The monoclonal antibodies detected MMS-68 in normal peripheral blood monocytes and pulmonary macrophages by cytofluorographic analysis and in human airways as determined by immunohistochemistry. Utilizing the monoclonal antibodies, an antigen-capture ELISA assay was developed. Statistically significant elevations in levels of MMS-68 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of chronic bronchitic subjects and cigarette smokers and in monocyte culture supernatants from steroid-dependent asthmatic patients compared to normal control subjects. The 68,000 D MMS is a potent secretagogue and may play an important role in the regulation of mucus secretion, especially in chronic bronchitis and steroid-dependent asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immunological and respiratory changes in soy bean workers.

Immunological and respiratory findings were studied in a group of 19 male soybean workers. Twenty control workers also participated in the immunological studies. All soybean workers had positive immediate skin reactions to soybean extract, as did 19/20 control workers. Similarly, 18/19 soy workers reacted to soy antigen prepared after separation from oil, but only 3/19 to soy lecithin antigen and 1 to soy oil antigen. A majority of soy workers (13/19) reacted to house dust. Only 3/19 soy workers had increased levels of soy-specific IgE. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was higher in exposed than in control workers, being significantly different for dyspnea (P less than 0.01). Workers with increased specific serum IgE or positive skin tests to house dust did not have any more symptoms than workers with negative tests. Ventilatory function was significantly worse in soybean workers than expected. Nevertheless, workers with positive skin or serological tests to house dust had across-shift changes similar to those with negative tests. These data suggest that skin and airway responses to soybean components (particularly the non-lipid ones) are very frequent among soybean workers. In the current study specific (soy) and non-specific (house dust) skin tests and immunoglobulins did not allow us to identify the workers at risk of developing symptoms or lung function abnormalities. This suggests that in addition to any atopic mechanisms, the irritant effect of soy dust may play a role in this occupational airway disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immunological and respiratory findings in swine farmers.

The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity abnormalities in relation to immunological status was studied in 32 swine farmers and in 39 controls. A large number of swine farmers reacted to swine confinement building antigens (swine hair, 34%, swine confinement agents, 28%) but also to other extracts such as animal food (78%) and corn flour (37%). Control workers also reacted to these antigens in similar frequencies. Increased serum IgE levels were found in 3 swine farmers (9.4%) and all 3 had positive skin tests to at least one of the swine antigens. Among control workers one (2.6%) had an increased serum IgE level; this worker exhibited a positive skin reaction to swine food antigen. Swine farmers with positive skin reactions had across-shift reductions of FEF50 and FEF25 significantly larger than those with negative skin tests (P less than 0.01). Preshift measured ventilatory capacity data (FEV1, FEF50, FEF25) in swine farmers with positive skin tests were significantly lower (compared to predicted) than in those with negative skin tests. Additionally, we showed that a water-soluble swine confinement building antigen causes a dose-related contraction of nonsensitized guinea pig trachea smooth muscle studied in vitro. Our data indicate significant differences in lung function between swine workers with positive and negative skin tests. We suggest that skin testing may be helpful in identifying workers at risk for developing lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Functional antagonism between hormone receptor systems: modulation of glycoprotein secretion in secretory epithelial cells.

A physiologic response such as mucin secretion from epithelial cells in vivo may be under the control of several endogenous substances such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). These substances may simultaneously activate distinct membrane receptors that exist on the same epithelial cells, and this activation may result in reciprocal physiologic responses or functional antagonism. To test whether simultaneous activation of the VIP and muscarinic receptors or of beta-adrenoreceptors and muscarinic receptors affect mucin secretion in a reciprocal manner, we studied some characteristics of the resultant physiologic response in human epithelial cells secreting radiolabeled mucin-like glycoprotein (MLGP). Both basal and methacholine (M.chol)-induced MLGP secretion could be blocked by VIP (1 pM to 1 microM) and by isoproterenol (ISO) (0.1 nM to 10 nM) in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. In a membrane preparation from the same cells, VIP (1 to 1,000 nM) and ISO (0.1 to 10 microM) stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in a concentration-dependent and nonadditive manner. In the same membrane preparation, no effect of M.chol was observed on this response to VIP or to ISO. It is proposed that functional antagonism at the cellular level between basal or cholinergic-stimulated mucin secretion and either activated beta-adrenergic or VIP receptors may play a crucial role in modulation of mucin secretion from epithelial cells.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1990

Macrophage (monocyte)-derived mucous secretagougue (MMS) is released into the fluid of the middle ear of patients with otitis media with effusion.

Macrophage (monocyte)-derived secretagogue (MMS) is a low molecular weight peptide released by activated macrophages. This substance can enhance incorporation of carbohydrates into protein and result in the production of glycoproteins. It is believed that increased glycoproteins lead to the increased tenaciousness of mucoid effusions. Sixteen of 28 middle ear effusions demonstrated significant amounts of MMS. It is suggested that MMS is produced by activated macrophages in MEE and may lead to the development of glycoprotein by secretory epithelial cells. This substance may lead to the development of the mucoid effusion in otitis media with effusion in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of cotton bract extract on respiratory glycoconjugate secretion from human airways in vitro.

In vivo and in vitro studies with a water-soluble extract of cotton bracts (CBE) suggest that CBE may be responsible for some of the clinical manifestations of byssinosis. Since chronic bronchitis has been repeatedly documented as a major feature of byssinosis, we studied the effect of CBE on respiratory glycoconjugate (RGC) release from human airways (HAs) in vitro. HAs were incubated with [3H]glucosamine to label RGC molecules. CBE in increasing concentrations was added to radiolabeled HAs, and the release of 3H-RGC, histamine, and other mediators was measured. CBE in concentrations of 1 to 7 mg/ml caused a dose-related increase in RGC, as well as histamine release (RGC, 14% to 45% increase above control; histamine, 12 to 70 ng/ml released concurrently). Additionally, CBE in a dose of 5 mg/ml caused a more than threefold increase in peptidoleukotriene production above baseline. The effect of histamine H1 and H2 (pyrilamine and cimetidine), cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor (indomethacin), leukotriene (LY 171883 and FPL 55712), and lipoxygenase pathway (BW nordihydroguaiarectic acid) blocking agents on CBE-induced RCG secretion was studied. In addition to histamine-H1 blockers, lipoxygenase inhibitors (nordihydroguaiarectic acid and BW 755C) and leukotriene blockers (FPL 55712 and LY 171883) are also potent inhibitors of CBE-induced RGC secretion. This suggests that CBE may act via the release of several mediators (histamine and leukotrienes), possibly from airway cells, such as mast cells, macrophages, or epithelial cells, to stimulate RGC secretion.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Dietary trilinoelaidate: effects on organ fatty acid composition, prostanoid biosynthesis and platelet function in rats.

Incremental levels of trilinoelaidate (tt18:2) were fed to rats for 11 weeks and changes in lung and epididymal lipid fatty acid composition were determined, and concentrations of prostanoids in serum, lung and stomach fundus were measured. Platelet aggregation to various agonists was tested. In the lung there was a concomitant increase of linoelaidate corresponding to incremental dietary levels in all lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol and neutral lipids). Arachidonic acid in lung phosphatidylcholine was markedly decreased. Epididymis accumulated linoelaidate in only the neutral lipid fraction; no tt18:2 was found in any of the phospholipid classes. Serum prostanoid levels (thromboxane B2 and prostaglandins PGF2 alpha and PGE) were significantly decreased in rats fed high levels of tt18:2, but were not altered at lower levels of consumption; the concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were not significantly altered at any level of tt18:2. Platelet responsiveness to various agonists was not significantly altered by incremental dietary trilinoelaidate, i.e., ADP, thrombin, collagen and calcium elicited similar aggregation responses. In conclusion, dietary trilinoelaidate at low levels of consumption, while being incorporated into various lipid classes, did not alter serum and tissue prostanoid levels or markedly affect platelet aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Dietary trilinoelaidate: effects on hematological parameters, serum eicosanoids and tissue fatty acid composition in rats.

Increasing levels of tt18:2 were fed to rats for 11 weeks and the following parameters evaluated: bleeding time; platelet and red blood cell (RBC) counts; packed RBC volume; RBC hemolysis; (none of which were affected) and RBC calcium content; myeloid/erythroid marrow ratios (M/E); fatty acid composition of plasma and heart lipids, and serum eicosanoids, e.g., thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto). At the highest level of tt18:2 fed (6.3 en%), there was a notable decrease in RBC calcium content. Furthermore, this level of tt18:2 (6.3 en%) significantly decreased M/E ratios compared to normal, as did lower tt18:2 levels. Plasma and heart fatty acids reflected expected changes with increasing dietary tt18:2. Serum TXB2 versus 6-keto levels were more indicative of dietary trilinoelaidate intervention. TXB2 levels were significantly decreased with no apparent change in 6-keto serum levels in the rats fed 6.3 en% tt18:2 compared to control. Although the consumption of trilinoelaidate, at levels approximating normal human intake, (0.6 en%) is apparently not deleterious to any of the hematologic criteria studied; higher levels precipitate changes in M/E ratios. RBC calcium content and serum TXB2 levels. Therefore, until more physiological parameters have been evaluated, dietary tt18:2 seems to be without detrimental effects.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1982

Dietary trilinoelaidate: effects on metabolic parameters related to EFA metabolism in rats.

To study the effects of dietary trilinoelaidate (tt18:2) on metabolic parameters, as they relate to essential fatty acid metabolism, a diet containing "adequate" linoleic acid with incremental isocaloric ttl8:2 supplementation was formulated. This diet was fed to rats for 11 weeks and oxygen (O2) consumption, insensible water loss (IWL), growth parameters and liver fatty acid composition evaluated at specified time intervals. The results showed that while an essential fatty acid deficient diet (hydrogenated tallow) increased IWL and decreased body weight gains, O2 consumption remained unaltered. Dietary tt18:2, while accumulating in liver lipids, apparently inhibiting delta 6 desaturase, as evidenced by 18.2/20.4 ratios, did not alter O2 consumption of IWL. At the highest level of tt18:2 fed (2.5 weight percent of dietary fat) there was a noticeable decrease in body weight gains by the 11th week; organ weights, however, were not affected. While the increased consumption of dietary trans fatty acids has raised questions regarding their potential biologically detrimental effects, the present study indicated that gross metabolic alterations related to classical essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms are not precipitated in the rat by tt18:2 levels comparable to those consumed in a normal human diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Extraction and purification of prostaglandins and thromboxane from biological samples for gas chromatographic analysis.

An efficient extraction procedure for the isolation of prostaglandins (PGs) from biological samples for their subsequent quantification by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) is described. PGs were extracted from lung, kidney, spleen and stomach fundus into ethyl acetate at different pHs. The highest recovery and least extraction of contaminating pigments was obtained at pH 4.5. Pigments and other contaminants are removed by thin layer chromatography using a solvent system chloroform-isopropyl alcohol-ethanol-formic acid (45:5:0.5:0.3). The isolated PGs were determined by GC-ECD after appropriate derivatization. The overall recovery of PGs using this procedure is 60%.

Animals↗