The effects of dietary magnesium level on calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Gotoh
Publications and source records attributed to S Gotoh.
Prognostic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis under long-term low-dose macrolide therapy.
We studied the immunological and histopathological factors that affect the prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis under long-term low-dose macrolide therapy. Sixteen patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were given 200 mg clarithromycin or 150 mg roxithromycin orally once a day without other concurrent treatments for 2-3 months. Measurement of the serum IgE level, blood cell count and differential leukocyte count of the peripheral blood, cytological assessment of the nasal smear and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses were performed before treatment. The opacity of the sinuses was estimated and scored by the CT images. After treatment, anterior ethmoidal mucosa samples were collected, an infiltrated inflammatory cells, interferon (IFN)-gamma-positive cells and interleukin (IL)-4-positive cells were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The severity of nasal symptoms was scored before and after treatment, and the improvement rate of the score (symptomatic improvement rate) was calculated. Patients with normal levels of serum IgE (</=250 U/ml) showed a significantly higher symptomatic improvement rate than those with high levels of serum IgE (42.1 +/- 11.2 vs. 4.9 +/- 3.1%, p = 0.046). The symptomatic improvement rate was inversely correlated with the eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood (r = -0.51, p = 0.04), in the nasal smear (r = -0.54, p = 0.045) and in the sinus mucosa (r = -0.54, p = 0.02). Meanwhile, the CT score, the number of IFN-gamma-positive cells and IL-4-positive cells in the sinus mucosa and neutrophil counts in the nasal smear and in the sinus mucosa failed to correlate with the symptomatic improvement rate. These results suggest that macrolide therapy is indicated for patients without atopy or smear/tissue/peripheral blood eosinophilia. On the contrary, the severity of the disease, Th1/Th2 dominance in the sinus mucosa and neutrophilia are unlikely to be prognostic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis under long-term low-dose marolide therapy.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of the effects of various anticholinergic drugs on human isolated urinary bladder.
We investigated the effects of various anticholinergic drugs (atropine, oxybutynin, terodiline and propiverine) on the contractions induced by acetylcholine, KCl, CaCl2, and electrical field stimulation, in human isolated urinary bladder smooth muscles using the muscle bath technique. Urinary bladders were obtained from 20 patients who underwent total cystectomy due to malignant bladder tumor. The detrusor preparations were taken from the intact part of the dome of the bladder. Acetylcholine caused a concentration-dependent contraction in human detrusor preparations. Atropine (10(-9)-10(-6) M), oxybutynin (10(-8)-10(-5) M), terodiline (10(-7)-10(-5) M) and propiverine (10(-7)-10(-5) M) caused parallel shifts to the right of the concentration-response curves to acetylcholine. The rank order of pA2 values was: atropine > oxybutynin > terodiline = propiverine. Atropine did not suppress the maximum contraction to acetylcholine, while the other drugs significantly suppressed the maximum contractions at the higher concentrations. Each drug caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the KCl (80 mM)- and CaCl2 (5 mM)-induced contractions; the maximum inhibitions of terodiline and propiverine were significantly greater than those of oxybutynin and atropine. Each drug caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the contraction induced by electrical field stimulation; the maximum inhibitions of terodiline and propiverine were significantly greater than those of oxybutynin and atropine. The results suggest that the drugs have both anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic effects. Furthermore, it also appears that part of the human bladder contraction, which was significantly inhibited by terodiline and propiverine, is an atropine-resistant component.
Acetylcholine↗