Biomedical subjects

S Gregersen

Publications and source records attributed to S Gregersen.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Influence of ripeness of banana on the blood glucose and insulin response in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Banana is a popular and tasty fruit which often is restricted in the diet prescribed for diabetic patients owing to the high content of free sugars. However, in under-ripe bananas starch constitutes 80-90% of the carbohydrate content, which as the banana ripens changes into free sugars. To study the effect of ripening on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to banana, 10 type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects consumed three meals, consisting of 120 g under-ripe banana, 120 g over-ripe banana or 40 g white bread on separate days. The mean postprandial blood glucose response area to white bread (181 +/- 45 mmol l-1 x 240 min) was significantly higher compared with under-ripe banana (62 +/- 17 mmol l-1 x 240 min: p < 0.01) and over-ripe banana (106 +/- 17 mmol l-1 x 240 min: p < 0.01). Glycaemic indices of the under-ripe and over-ripe bananas differed (43 +/- 10 and 74 +/- 9: p < 0.01). The mean insulin response areas to the three meals were similar: 6618 +/- 1398 pmol l-1 x 240 min (white bread), 7464 +/- 1800 pmol l-1 x 240 min (under-ripe banana) and 8292 +/- 2406 pmol l-1 x 240 min (over-ripe banana). The low glycaemic response of under-ripe compared with over-ripe bananas may be ascribed to the high starch content, which has previously been found to be only hydrolysed slowly by alfa-amylase in humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1992

Day-to-day variation of blood glucose and insulin responses in NIDDM subjects after starch-rich meal.

OBJECTIVE: To study day-to-day variation of postprandial blood glucose and insulin increments in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects and to analyze intra- and interperson variance of response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten NIDDM subjects attending the outpatient clinic at Aarhus Kommunehospital were studied. The subjects ate three meals of 90 g of white bread, with 7 days between tests. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD areas under the blood glucose response curve (above basal) over a 3-h period were 557 +/- 60, 569 +/- 74, and 565 +/- 67 mM x 180 min (NS), and areas under the insulin-response curve were 3350 +/- 448, 2815 +/- 359 and 3551 +/- 679 mU/L x 180 min (NS) on each of the three occasions. The 95% confidence intervals of blood glucose and insulin areas for the test meal repeated three times were 564 +/- 120 mM x 180 min and 3240 +/- 1645 mU/L x 180 min, respectively. Intra- and interperson components of variance were 25 vs. 75% (glucose) and 78 vs. 22% (insulin) of the total variance. The intraperson components of variance included all sources of variation other than between-person variation. There was no significant correlation between blood glucose and insulin response areas. CONCLUSIONS: A valid estimate of the glycemic response in a single patient is obtained after a single meal. Because of the large between-person variation, paired data should preferably be used when comparing glycemic responses to different foods.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1992

Glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to orange and apple compared with white bread in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

To study the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to exchangeable amounts of simple and complex carbohydrates, eight non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects consumed 227 g apple, 280 g orange or 50 g white bread on three separate days. The mean postprandial blood glucose response area to white bread (404 +/- 95 mM x 240 min) was significantly higher compared with orange (131 +/- 34 mM x 240 min; P less than 0.05) and apple (157 +/- 57 mM x 240 min; P less than 0.05). Thr glycaemic indices of the fruits were identical: 44 +/- 13 (orange) and 40 +/- 11 (apple). The low glycaemic response to orange and apple may be ascribed to the high content of fructose which is rapidly cleared and metabolized by the liver, without elevating the blood glucose.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1991

Galanin-induced inhibition of insulin secretion from rat islets: effects of rat and pig galanin and galanin fragments and analogues.

The 29-amino acid neuropeptide galanin occurs in intrapancreatic nerves and inhibits insulin secretion. To study the structure-activity relations of galanin, we examined the effects of pig and rat galanin, three galanin fragments (galanin-(1-11), galanin-(1-16) and rat galanin-(17-29) and four galanin analogues ([Ala2]pig galanin, [Ala2]rat galanin, [D-Trp2]rat galanin and [D-Trp2]galanin-(1-16] on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. Pig and rat galanin and galanin-(1-11) equipotently inhibited glucose-stimulated (8.3 mM) insulin secretion at and above 10(-7) M (P less than 0.05), whereas galanin-(1-16), inhibited insulin secretion at 10(-6) M (P less than 0.01). In contrast, the C-terminal rat galanin-(17-29) and the galanin analogues did not influence insulin secretion. Thus, rat and pig galanin are equipotent in inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat islets. The active site resides in the N-terminal part of the molecule. Furthermore, the binding of galanin to its receptor depends on structural characteristics governed by the N-terminal position and in particular by the Trp2 residue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

Galanin fragments and analogues: effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat islets.

Galanin occurs in intrapancreatic nerves and inhibits insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro. To investigate which part of the galanin molecule accounts for this inhibition, we studied the effect of porcine galanin, four galanin fragments and three galanin analogues with substitutions of the 2nd amino acid in galanin, on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat islets cultured overnight. The islets were incubated for 1 h at 8.3 mM glucose. Porcine galanin1-29 inhibited insulin secretion at dose levels from 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M (p less than 0.001). Also, the galanin fragments GAL1-15, GAL2-29, and GAL3-29 significantly inhibited insulin secretion at and above concentrations of 10(-7) M (p less than 0.001), 10(-8) M (p less than 0.001), and 10(-7) M (p less than 0.001), respectively. Galanin analogues where the 2nd N-terminal amino acid had been changed from tryptophan to tyrosine (GAL-TYR2) or isoleucine (GAL-ILE2) inhibited insulin secretion, as did porcine galanin1-29, whereas after substitution with phenylalanine (GAL-PHE2) no effect was observed. Furthermore, the C-terminal fragment GAL10-29 did not influence insulin secretion. We conclude that the inhibitory action by galanin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from normal islets resides in the N-terminal part of the molecule. In contrast, the C-terminal part of galanin apparently does not influence insulin secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[The clientele of physiotherapists in private practice].

The aim of the study was to describe sociomedical characteristics of physiotherapy patients. A material of 466 patients answered questions about personal and social data and their disease. Women were significantly more frequent in the material than men (p less than 0.001). The following groups were underrepresented compared to the background population calculated by X2: 1) boys 0-9 years, 2) girls 0-19 years, 3) women more than 80 years old, 4) officials, 5) unskilled workers and 6) unemployed. The following groups were overrepresented: 1) women 30-39 years, 2) women 60-79 years, 3) pensioners and persons receiving public assistance and 4) students. More than half of the symptoms were located to the head-neck or back-thorax-loin. The cause was most often primarily somatic (46%), while 25% had an occupational genesis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Water volume and consumption time: influence on the glycemic and insulinemic responses in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

The present study was carried out to see if either the volume of water or the duration of ingestion time influence the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects. Small test meals containing 40 g carbohydrate as rye bread (100 g) with butter (10 g) and tomatoes (75 g) were given to 10 NIDDM subjects. The meals were taken in random order with either 90 or 600 mL tap water. The meal with 90 mL tap water was ingested over 10 and 30 min. The glycemic responses to isocaloric meals of large and small volumes were similar (338 +/- 56 vs 384 +/- 67 mmol/L.240 min) as were the insulinemic responses (29,424 +/- 6512 min vs 27,140 +/- 6548 mumol/L.240 min). An extension of eating time from 10 to 30 min did not alter the glycemic (384 +/- 67 vs 370 +/- 54 mmol/L.240 min) or the insulinemic response (27,140 +/- 6548 vs 35,670 +/- 10,245 mumol/L.240 min) in the NIDDM patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

The predictive capability of the glycaemic response to spaghetti in non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) and insulin dependent (IDDM) diabetic subjects.

To evaluate the predictive capability of the postprandial blood glucose response after consumption of a starch-rich meal, we compared the glycaemic effects of spaghetti (60 g) taken alone and with bolognese sauce (167 g). The study was carried out in both NIDDM (n = 6) and IDDM (n = 6) subjects. The latter had achieved normoglycaemia 120 min prior to the test meal by means of an artificial pancreas (Biostator) which provided constant insulinaemia during the observation period of 4 h. We found that the areas of blood glucose (above basal) were identical irrespective of whether spaghetti was taken alone or as part of a mixed meal in both NIDDM (484 +/- 154 mmol l-1 240 min-1 vs. 393 +/- 126 mmol l-1 240 min-1) and IDDM subjects (610 +/- 143 mmol l-1 240 min-1 vs. 770 +/- 135 mmol l-1 240 min-1). The insulin levels were identical in the IDDM diabetics. By contrast, the mixed meal caused a more marked insulinaemic response than spaghetti per se in the NIDDM subjects (3187 +/- 637 mU l-1 240 min-1 vs. 1940 +/- 235 mU l-1 240 min-1; P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the predictive capability of the glycaemic response to spaghetti was good in both IDDM and NIDDM diabetic subjects, at least under the conditions of the present study.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1989

[Factors of significance for short or prolonged duration of physiotherapeutic treatment from private practicing physiotherapists].

The aim of the study was to determine factors of importance for the duration of treatment of physiotherapy patients. A material of 363 patients answered questions about personal and social data and their disease. The following was related to prolonged treatment (greater than 47 days): 1) young, unmarried students. There was twice as many boys as girls. 2) Patients with psychosomatic disease. The ratio between men and women was 1, and the main symptom was headache. 3) Patients with generalized disease. This study did not reveal whether prolonged treatment is due to an ineffective treatment or whether other factors are of importance. However, we doubt the effect of physiotherapy in patients with psychosomatic disease.

Adolescent↗