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Biomedical subjects

S Griffith

Publications and source records attributed to S Griffith.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Identification of infectious salmon anaemia virus in Atlantic salmon from Nova Scotia (Canada): evidence for functional strain differences.

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a serious disease responsible for high morbidity in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway, Scotland and New Brunswick, Canada. Recent attempts to identify different strains of ISA virus (ISAV) based on nucleotide sequence variation have shown that the Norwegian and Scottish samples are similar to one another but markedly different from New Brunswick samples. These data may suggest the presence of different strains on each side of the Atlantic but no functional difference has been found with either strain. We describe the first identification and characterisation of ISAV in Atlantic salmon from Nova Scotia, Canada. Further, salmon infected with the Nova Scotia ISAV do not show typical ISAV pathology or mortality. Sequencing of this new strain showed it to possess greater similarity to ISAV from Norway and Scotland than to ISAV from New Brunswick. These findings are discussed in terms of a possible origin of the Nova Scotia ISAV strain and the existence of an avirulent ISAV strain. The impact of current strain variation studies on our knowledge of ISAV is also discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Antifungal activities of rapamycin and its derivatives, prolylrapamycin, 32-desmethylrapamycin, and 32-desmethoxyrapamycin.

The antifungal agent rapamycin is highly effective in inhibiting growth of yeast and mold strains. This study demonstrates that in liquid medium, rapamycin is more active than its derivatives (prolylrapamycin, 32-desmethylrapamycin, 32-desmethoxyrapamycin) against Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Fusarium oxysporum. All the rapamycins were more active than amphotericin B. Although four other molds were not inhibited in liquid medium, they were very sensitive to rapamycin and its derivatives when tested on agar. The latter assay showed that rapamycin is the most active and 32-desmethylrapamycin is more active than prolylrapamycin and 32-desmethoxyrapamycin. The conclusion of this study is that rapamycin is the most active antifungal agent of the compounds examined. The unexpected finding of high activity of rapamycin and its derivatives against filamentous fungi when assayed by the agar diffusion assay suggests that rapamycin or a derivative may hold promise for chemotherapy against pathogenic molds as well as yeasts.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1997

Effect of age and gender on azimilide pharmacokinetics after a single oral dose of azimilide dihydrochloride.

Azimilide is a new class III antiarrhythmic drug that blocks K+ channels. To determine the effects of age and gender on azimilide pharmacokinetics, a single 150-mg oral dose was administered to 66 healthy volunteers in a 3 x 2 factorial design (age groups of 18-40, 41-64, and > or = 65 years). Blood and urine were analyzed for azimilide and metabolites. The single dose was well-tolerated. Azimilide was 94% plasma protein-bound, and binding was not affected by age or gender. Age does not affect azimilide pharmacokinetics. The renal clearance of azimilide was significantly higher in women than in men (19%), but oral clearance did not differ between genders. Although the maximum azimilide concentration (Cmax) was 27% higher in women, time to maximum concentration or area under the azimilide concentration-time curve were not different from those for men. Body weight-adjusted Cmax did not differ between genders. Dosing adjustments based on either age or gender are not required.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Crystallization and preliminary studies of lima bean trypsin inhibitor.

Crystals of lima been trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) were obtained by using the vapor phase equilibration technique with sodium/potassium tartrate as the precipitating agent. The space group was determined to be cubic, I2(1)3 with a = 110.2. A These crystals diffract to about 1.9 A resolution. Preliminary analysis of self-rotation maps (calculated from native x-ray intensity data) suggests the presence of two monomers in the asymmetric unit. LBTI is very thermostable and retains activity even after boiling for 10 minutes. This property is exploited as part of its purification procedure.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of cutaneous and platelet responses to platelet-activating factor by oral WEB 2086 in man.

WEB 2086, an antagonist of platelet-activating factor (PAF), was assessed against the cutaneous response in vivo and the aggregation of platelets ex vivo induced by PAF in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 12 normal male volunteers. Wheal-and-flare responses to intradermal PAF (200 ng) and histamine (1 microgram) were measured 1 hour after placebo or control administration. Wheal volumes were significantly reduced by 66% +/- 8.7% (mean +/- SEM), 86% +/- 8.3%, and 90% +/- 6.0% after 10, 40, and 100 mg of WEB 2086 compared to placebo administration (p less than 0.005). Flare responses were correspondingly inhibited by 66% +/- 8.3%, 82% +/- 8.7%, and 84% +/- 7.8% at 10, 40, and 100 mg of WEB 2086, respectively. Cutaneous responses to histamine were unaffected. Ex vivo platelet responses to PAF were significantly inhibited at all three doses of WEB 2086. Oral WEB 2086 is a potent and specific inhibitor of cutaneous and platelet responses to PAF in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

A review of the factors associated with patient compliance and the taking of prescribed medicines.

Patient non-compliance is an ever present and complex issue, the importance of which is likely to increase in successive years as the population ages. Non-compliant behaviour is not only costly in terms of time, money and resources, but can also be detrimental to the doctor-patient relationship. Assessment of the prevalence and nature of non-compliance is difficult, but several determinant factors have been found to be associated with it. The aim of this review is to consider these factors and so increase the doctor's awareness of this problem.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childbearing and the concept of culture.

Effective nursing practice requires being free of prejudice and bias. One's outlook is not necessarily the only proper one and there is no room for hasty judgments. The professional has health at the center of her perceptual system and often finds it difficult to view health as laymen do. If she wishes to work effectively with different groups of people, she must overcome her "trained incapacity" and learn to see health and beliefs surrounding it and disease from the patient's standpoint. It would simplify matters if personal and community health could be separated from the complexities of social existence, but this cannot be done. Health practices and ideas penetrate deeply into all domains of life. Nurses would do well to adopt a way of looking at the community that gives some coherence and depth to various cultures. This concept of culture can provide an organizing frame for those details and help the specialist assume the view of the client and family.

Adult↗