Biomedical subjects
S Gudipati
Publications and source records attributed to S Gudipati.
Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: effect of dose and vaccination schedule.
The safety and immunogenicity of three doses (360 ELISA units [EU], 720 EU, and 1440 EU) and four immunization schedules (0, 1, and 2; 0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 12; 0, 2, and 4 months) of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were investigated in 80 healthy adult volunteers. Adverse effects were mild and comparable to those in a control group given hepatitis B vaccine. Antibody levels presumed to be protective (> or = 20 mIU/mL) were achieved after one injection in 90% of vaccinees given 360 and 720 EU and in 100% given 1440 EU. After two injections, 100% of vaccinees seroconverted regardless of the dose of vaccine given. All vaccine schedules were highly immunogenic. The accelerated and high-dose schedule could be useful for people who need to be rapidly immunized. The 12-month schedule induced very high levels of anti-hepatitis A virus but had problems with compliance. The 0-, 2-, and 4-month schedule produced higher antibody levels than the conventional 0-, 1-, and 6-month schedule (P = .016). This suggests that the hepatitis A vaccine could be incorporated into existing pediatric vaccine schedules.
Ketoconazole treatment of a family with zoonotic sporotrichosis.
All 3 members of a family developed lymphocutaneous and cutaneous sporotrichosis after exposure to an infected cat. The lesions resembled acute bacterial lymphadenitis and lymphangitis and responded within 2 weeks to ketoconazole treatment with complete healing and no recurrence over the next 6 months. Immunologically normal children and adults with lymphocutaneous or cutaneous sporotrichosis may respond well to ketoconazole therapy.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in adult and pediatric patients by using Pyloriset, a rapid latex agglutination test.
Pyloriset (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) is a rapid antibody test using latex particles coated with acid-extracted antigen of Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated its ability to predict infection in 100 adult patients and 50 pediatric patients referred for gastric endoscopy. Sixty of 65 H. pylori-infected adults were correctly identified by the test. There were 12 false-positive and 5 false-negative reactions seen. Pyloriset had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 66%. The positive predictive value was 83% and the negative predictive value 82%. In contrast, sensitivity dropped to 36% in the pediatric patients and the positive predictive value was only 40%. Pyloriset could become an important alternative to other more time-consuming diagnostic tests for H. pylori-infected adult patients but is inadequate for diagnosis of pediatric H. pylori infection.
In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, ceftibuten and cefixime.
The in vitro activity against 30 Helicobacter pylori strains of three new third generation cephalosporins, cefpodoxime, ceftibuten and cefixime, which can be administered orally, was determined using an agar dilution technique under microaerophilic conditions. The MIC50 and MIC90 of cefpodoxime was 0.5 and 4.0 micrograms/ml respectively, of ceftibuten 2.0 and 8.0 micrograms/ml, and of cefixime 0.06 and 0.5 microgram/ml. All antibiotics showed good activity against Helicobacter pylori, cefixime having the highest activity of the three agents.
Salmonellosis initially seen as a thyroid abscess.
A case of Salmonella typhimurium thyroid abscess in a 79-year-old man is reported. The patient was seen with fever and neck tenderness 2 weeks after a brief episode of diarrhea. Surgical excision combined with 2 weeks of ceftriaxone, 1 g every 12 hours, resulted in complete recovery. This is only the fourth known case of Salmonella thyroid abscess, 3 of which have been caused by S. typhimurium. This organism is rarely found in other focal Salmonella infections and may therefore have a specific affinity for thyroid tissue.