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Biomedical subjects

S Guibert

Publications and source records attributed to S Guibert.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Cytochrome p450 IID6, its role in psychopharmacology].

Cytochrome P450 IID6 has got typical features (genetical polymorphism, competitive inhibition, saturability) which can be at the origin of pharmacokinetic modifications of molecules using it for their metabolism. In the field of pharmacology, many molecules are substrates or inhibitors of this cytochrome. They are presented. The results of a study of the dextromethorphan variation test performed before and after 28 days of clomipramine therapy with depressed patients are explained. They show a significant decreasing of the cytochrome P450 IID6 oxidation capacities between both of these times. A patient has passed from the phenotype "effective metabolizer" to the one of "poor metabolizer" with clomipramine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Minor and clinically non-significant interaction between toloxatone and amitriptyline.

The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between amitriptyline and toloxatone (a new MAOI-A) has been studied in 17 depressed in-patients. Amitriptyline and its demethylated and hydroxylated metabolites in blood and urine were measured at steady state after the administration of amitriptyline with and without toloxatone in steady state. The metabolic status of patients was determined using the dextromethorphan phenotyping test. There was only a minor pharmacokinetic interaction between amitriptyline (AMT) and toloxatone, with a small increase in the AMT/NT (nortriptyline) plasma ratio: 0.68 before and 0.78 after toloxatone. The urinary excretion and plasma levels of AMT and its metabolites were not affected by the co-therapy. Three of the patients were poor metabolisers, but this did not predict the magnitude of the drug interaction. The interaction does not justify plasma level monitoring of amitriptyline as the change in pharmacokinetics was so small.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Minkowski's concept of lived time].

After a statement of the works of P. Janet, in a precedent article, the authors study the lived time in Minkowski. They expose then the notions of syntony and schizoidy inherited by Minkowski from Bleuler and the diagnosis by penetration. The notion of lived time is at last studied in schizophrenia, then in mania where there is a subduction of lived time, it is the contrary in melancholia where the lived time is slower and some times stopped.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1988

[P. Janet's concept of the notion of time].

The authors primarily show how P. Janet, influenced by Bergson, describes the evolution of the human mind, its complexities and progressive hierarchies, from the reflex arc to the differed arc which allows the emergence of feelings. The notion of time is late, it enters in the groups of feelings. It is interior, subjective and to its study succeeds the analysis of the concept of presence, absence, strain, memory which is for P. Janet essentially prospective, its essential act is narration. The notion of lived time is studied: in: the neurotics whose horror of the present is put forward, the depressed; in: melancholia of waiting where time does not fly, mania through the "delighted ones" and the "restless ones", the delirious.

Behavior↗
PubMed1987

[In vitro study of the transplacental passage of chloroquine sulfate].

The authors, by performing in vitro perfusion on six human placentas, have studied the passage of chloroquine sulphate into the placenta. The drug levels were recorded by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The placental perfusions lasted one hour and drug passage into placental tissue was low (14.21%) which seems to be due to the high degree of fixation of chloroquine on placental tissue.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1985

[Transplacental transfer of 5 antibiotics by in vitro human placental perfusion].

Transplacental transfer of 5 semi-synthetic penicillins which act on Gram + and Gram - bacteria were studied by in vitro perfusion of the human placenta. These penicillins were: amoxicillin, apalcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Placental transfer of these 5 antibiotics varies between 5 and 7% of the maternal concentration. Amoxicillin 7,62% - apalcillin 5,66% - mezlocillin 5,4% - piperacillin 7,37% - ticarcillin 4,86%. The reasons for such low transfer and the clinical repercussions of these results are discussed by the authors.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Debrisoquine and dextromethorphan phenotyping and antidepressant treatment.

The correlation between debrisoquine and dextromethorphan oxidation polymorphism was studied in 16 depressed in-patients. There was a close correlation between both phenotypes (r = 0.81 p less than 0.0017). During a treatment with amitriptyline during two weeks there was no significant modification of the dextromethorphan polymorphism. In the same way, the association of amitriptyline and toloxatone during two other weeks did not change this polymorphism in a significant way, even if there was a non significant shift towards higher values of the dextromethorphan metabolic ratio.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Duration and temporality].

The notion of temporality in living is in perpetual motion between passive temporality and creative conscience. Human existence is not purely immanent, a flow of transcedence continually runs through it. Melancholia is a lose of creativity accompanied by a feeling that time as lived has stopped, time being lived as a new mode of space. Maniac temporality is an improductive and unsociable furious flight toward. The melancholic feeling out of time is crushed by the problematic of alterity, sin and eternity. The maniac lives an imaginary and deceptive problematic. The ambivalent ideal of the schizophrenic is both a return to biological life as well as a fascination by formal thought.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical pharmacokinetics of viloxazine chlorhydrate. Practical implications].

Pharmacokinetic data of an antidepressant agent: Apparent half-life (T1/2 elim), time of peak plasma concentration (Tmax), bioavailability, have a major contribution to determine optimal dosage in accordance with a low modification of steady-state levels. Viloxazine is a second generation antidepressant drug with a short apparent half-life (T1/2 elim: 2 to 5 h (3.4 h), which requires once a day 3 h i.v. infusion or three intakes of 100 mg oral standard formulation. The recent development of a new 300 mg slow-release form seems justified by a best compliance. Pharmacokinetic properties [Tmax = 3 to 9 h (5.2 h), T1/2 term = 6 to 7 h], suggest once a day dosage without risk of accumulation in chronic treatment. The relationships between plasma levels and the clinical improvement were not clear in literature. The recent therapeutic use of a 300 mg slow-release tablet has not permitted to change precedent findings.

Administration, Oral↗