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Biomedical subjects

S Gujral

Publications and source records attributed to S Gujral.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Suprapubic catheterization: a suitable procedure for clinical nurse specialists in selected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and advantages of urology clinical nurse specialists (NSs) extending their professional role to include inserting initial suprapubic catheters in selected patients in the hospital and community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A urology NS, who is also the district continence adviser, was formally taught by a consultant urologist how to insert suprapubic catheters using the 'Add-a-Cath' introducer technique (Femcare, UK). Once deemed competent, the NS was indemnified by the Trust to carry out the procedure in carefully selected patients using a safe and unequivocal protocol. RESULTS: Over a period of 40 months, the NS undertook the procedure in 164 patients, with 64 being catheterized in the community. There were no serious complications in the series and during the period studied, only 17 patients were referred back to the urologists for catheterization under formal theatre conditions. CONCLUSION: Initial suprapubic catheterization can be carried out safely by trained NSs in selected patients. This extended professional role has helped to improve the continuity and quality of care for patients who require long-term catheterization. The NS was also a valuable source of training for junior medical staff who have limited experience with suprapubic catheterization.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1999

Ocular extramedullary myeloid cell tumour in children: an Indian study.

Thirty-two children with extramedullary myeloid cell tumour (EMT) who constituted 41 per cent of children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were studied to ascertain their laboratory characteristics and potential problems in diagnosis. The diagnosis, established by peripheral blood smear and/or bone marrow examination, was AML (n = 29) and refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t; n = 3). The six referred patients in whom the diagnosis had been missed, and two cases wrongly reported as histiocytosis on aspiration cytology, were those in whom a peripheral blood smear had not been examined. It is concluded that diagnostic work-up of proptosis must include a full haemogram, meticulous peripheral blood smear examination, repeated if necessary, and bone marrow examination where relevant. RAEB-t cases with extramedullary myeloid cell tumour should be classified as acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Internal iliac artery embolisation for intractable bladder haemorrhage in the peri-operative phase.

Intractable haemorrhage from the bladder wall during transurethral resection of bladder tumour is uncommon but potentially catastrophic. Internal iliac artery embolisation is a minimally invasive technique, which is now widely practised to stop bleeding from branches of these arteries is situations including pelvic malignancy, obstetric and gynaecological emergencies and trauma. We report its successful use peri-operatively, in an unfit, elderly patient with uncontrolled bleeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Tuberculosis: a rare cause of splenic abscess.

Splenic abscess is a rare condition associated with septicemic conditions. Splenic abscess due to tuberculosis is still rarer, mostly diagnosed in immuno-compromised hosts. A case of tubercular splenic abscess without any underlying disease is reported.

Abscess↗
PubMed1998

Comparative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels in normal, benign hyperplastic and carcinomatous prostate.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a mediator of mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha, has been shown to be associated with tumour progression. We have detected a level of EGFR transcript in normal, hyperplastic (BPH) and carcinomatous (CaP) prostate tissues by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. Our results show that the majority of CaP cases (62% of untreated cases and 71% of treated cases) were positive for EGFR mRNA while about 50% of normal and BPH cases were positive for EGFR mRNA. The level of EGFR transcript was significantly higher in the untreated CaP group as compared to the normal group (P < 0.05), while the difference in the normal and BPH groups was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Plasmodium vivax causing pancytopenia after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation in CML.

A 20-year-old male patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), in chronic phase, underwent allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation in August 1996. Engraftment was well documented in the marrow on day 19, but pancytopenia and mild splenomegaly continued. On day +70, the patient developed severe anemia and had one pyrexial episode. He was detected to have malaria (Plasmodiium vivax). After chloroquin therapy, the pancytopenia reversed completely. We suggest that malaria should be considered as a possible cause of pancytopenia in the post-transplant period in endemic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cytomegalovirus infection and colonic perforation in renal transplant patients.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised patients is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A well-documented manifestation of gastrointestinal CMV infection is gastrointestinal haemorrhage. In contrast, CMV-associated intestinal perforation has rarely been reported after transplantation, although it is well documented in AIDS patients. Three patients are reported who received their first cadaveric renal transplant in 1994 and subsequently developed CMV disease. During the course of their CMV illness, which was treated with ganciclovir, each presented with clinical suspicion of peritonitis and proceeded to laparotomy. All three were found to have sigmoid colon perforations with histological evidence of CMV infection. Following bowel resection and defunctioning, two patients made an uneventful recovery and have had the continuity of their bowel restored, but one died of overwhelming sepsis within hours of surgery. The explanation for the apparent clustering of this rare condition in transplant patients is uncertain.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Role of extended culture time on synergy of fluconazole and human monocyte-derived macrophages in clearing Candida albicans.

Possible enhanced candidacidal synergy of fluconazole and human monocyte-derived macrophages by extended culture time was studied. Synergistic candidacidal activity increased from 1 day to 3 days and was maximal at 6 days. Enhanced synergistic candidacidal activity at 144 h was observed over a 10-fold challenge dose range. Enhanced synergy with culture time was seen with fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Candida albicans. These findings emphasize the importance of dosage and an adequate period of therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Risk factors of nutritional blindness and determinants of a successful vitamin A prophylaxis programme.

Data on 7668 children (0-72 months) and their 4621 mothers and 81 Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) collected for the USAID Assisted ICDS Evaluation Surveys were analysed. The results indicated that the major risk factors of nutritional blindness were lack of nutrition and health knowledge among mothers; presence of iron deficiency anemia in the children; and history of the child having had measles in the past one year. Mother's health and nutrition, knowledge and maternal literacy status were the determinants of the success of a vitamin A prophylaxis programme. Factors that determined AWW's performance in vitamin A supplementation were her nutrition and health knowledge, her literacy status and the amount of supervisory assistance she received from Auxillary Nurse Midwife (ANM).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Xerophthalmia, vitamin A supplementation and morbidity in children.

The relationship between ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency and children's anaemic/morbidity status as well as the efficacy of vitamin A prophylaxis in preventing these conditions was determined. The prevalence of xerophthalmia in morbid children with anaemia and history of worm infestation, measles, and diarrhoea was higher as compared to their non-morbid counterparts. The relative risk (RR) of anaemic children with eye signs was significantly higher (1.5), but the chances of having anaemia were similar in both vitamin A receivers and non-receivers. The RR of history of worm infestation, measles, and severe diarrhoea was 1.4, 1.0, and 1.2, respectively, in children with eye signs and 1.2, 0.8, and 1.3, respectively in children who did not receive vitamin A prophylaxis. The RR for occurrence of diarrhoea along with vitamin A deficiency was as high as 1.9. It appears xerophthalmia and anaemia co-exist and vitamin A supplementation helps in curbing these conditions among 1-6-year-old children.

Child↗