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Biomedical subjects

S H Ackerman

Publications and source records attributed to S H Ackerman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

alpha-Methyldopa and depression: a clinical study and review of the literature.

A review of the literature showed that a high incidence or prevalence of depression in patients being treated with alpha-methyldopa has never been documented. In their study of hypertensive patients in a general medical clinic the authors found that symptoms of depression were no more common in 42 patients treated with alpha-methyldopa than in 38 patients treated with other antihypertensive agents. As with other centrally active agents, alpha-methyldopa appears able to produce many different behavioral symptoms, including mood changes, in predisposed individuals. Because alpha-methyldopa is a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor but does not consistently affect mood or induce depression, its effects do not support a catecholamine hypothesis of depression.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of gastric acid secretion in the rat: evidence for multiple response systems.

Gastric acid secretion has been thought to depend on histamine stimulation of the parietal cell. However, in the 2-week-old rat neither exogenous histamine nor the H-2 receptor agonist impromidine stimulates acid secretion, whereas pentagastrin and the cholinergic agent bethanechol are potent stimuli. At this age, the effect of pentagastrin in acid secretion is not blocked by the H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, nor is it potentiated by impromidine. These data suggest that, in the rat pup, the acid secretory response to pentagastrin and cholinergic agents occurs before the histamine-mediated system is functional and operates independently of the actions of histamine.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Psychologically distinguishable groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a controlled, single blind study.

Systematic measures of mood and psychological symptoms were obtained for 68 ambulatory arthritis patients on two standard questionnaires, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). We studied two groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients, one positive and the other negative for rheumatoid factor and erosive joint changes. A third group of patients had other forms of arthritis. All were matched for chronicity and functional impairment as well as psychosocial background variables. We found a distinct psychometric response profile that allowed us to sort patients into the three clinical groups with an accuracy ranging from 63% to 100%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Recent separation and the onset of peptic ulcer disease in older children and adolescents.

The onset of peptic ulcer disease in adolescents often appears to be preceded by a separation or loss. We attempted to review data on, or to recontact, the 59 adolescent and preadolescent patients with peptic ulcer disease (gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and hematemesis of unknown etiology) admitted to Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center between 1968 and 1979. We were able to obtain adequate retrospective data for 24 of these patients. Ten (42%) had encountered a separation or loss within 12 months of the onset of their illness. In 6 patients the event occurred within 4 weeks of admission. In a matched group of 24 appendectomy patients, 1 separation occurred in the 12 months prior to admission (mean 2 = 9.6; p less than 0.01). We conclude that in an adolescent population, a recent separation or loss may be associated with the onset of peptic ulcer disease in predisposed persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Vertical transmission of acquired ulcer susceptibility in the rat.

Premature separation of rat pups from their dams greatly increases their susceptibility to restraint-induced gastric erosions. When prematurely separated female rats grow to adulthood and mate with stock males, their normally reared F 1 progeny also have increased susceptibility to restraint-induced erosions. Cross-fostering studies show that prenatal rather than postnatal factors transmit this susceptibility to the F 1 progeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Early life events and peptic ulcer susceptibility: an experimental model.

In the rat premature separation from the mother increases the probability that gastric erosions will occur when the animal is subjected to physical restraint later in life. This increased susceptibility to erosion formation is induced by the early loss of maternal milk and is expressed as a disturbance of body temperature regulation at the time of restraint. One of the gastric consequences of the thermoregulatory disturbance appears to be an increase in acid secretion during restraint. The increased susceptibility to restraint-induced erosion formation in prematurely separated rats may reflect a disruption of the normal developmental organization of functionally related systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sleep and temperature regulation during restraint stress in rats is affected by prior maternal separation.

During restraint stress, 30-day-old rats uniformly show an abrupt and persistent decrease in activity with a corresponding increase in quiet wakefulness. However, the effect of restraint on sleep and body temperature depends on whether maternal separation had previously occurred at the customary age (day 22) or 7 days earleir (day 15). If maternal separation took place on day 22, subsequent restraint on day 30 has no effect on the amount of time spend in sleep or on body temperature, relative to a comparison sgroup of unrestrained rats. But if maternal separation took place on day 15, restraint on day 30 elicits a marked initial increase in sleep and a later decrease in sleep and body temperature. The results are consistent with the interpretation that premature maternal separation retards the normal maturation of these behavioral and thermoregulatory responses to restraint stress.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Early maternal separation increases gastric ulcer risk in rats by producing a latent thermoregulatory disturbance.

Rat pups that are separated early from their mothers, at postnatal day 15, become hypothermic when subjected to physical restraint on postnatal day 30. Restraint of separated pups also elicits an unusually high incidence of gastric erosions, as well as insomnia and an increase in quiet wakefulness. If hypothermia during restraint is prevented, neither the erosions nor the behavioral responses occur. Rat pups separated at the customary age (postnatal day 22) do not become hypothermic during restraint, and the restraint of such pups is not associated with either gastric erosion or insomnia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A method for artificial feeding of motherless 2-week-old rat pups.

When the rat mother is permanently removed from her litter at 14-15 days postnatally, weight loss in the pups routinely occurs. We now describe a method by which normal weight gain can be achieved at this age in the absence of the mother. Liquid flowing in a continuous stream down a glass surface in the home cage elicits spontaneous licking from the rat pups. If the liquid is a high fat milk formula, the rat pups maintain normal body weight. They do not maintain normal weight if low fat (bovine) milk is presented in this way or if the high fat milk formula is merely available in a reservoir on the cage floor.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Predisposition to gastric erosions in the rat: behavioral and nutritional effects of early maternal separation.

After early maternal deprivation (on postnatal day 15), the incidence of restraint-induced gastric erosions on day 30 increases to approximately 5 times that of rats separated at the customary (day 21) weaning age. These data suggest that factors in the mother-infant relationship during postnatal development in young rats can influence later susceptibility or resistance to gastric erosions. We present a series of experiments to test whether loss of behavioral interaction with the mother or loss of maternal milk results in this increase in gastric erosion susceptibility. The results show that the absence of maternal milk, rather than behavioral deprivation, is primarily responsible for the increase in susceptibility after early maternal separation. However, behavioral interaction with the mother can additionally modify this susceptibility.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Some effects of a split litter cross foster design applied to 15 day old rat pups.

Rat litters were divided and cross fostered on a postnatal Day 15 so that each mother had 4 of her own pups and 4 pups of a second litter, until weaning at 21 days. Daily weight and body temperature measurements made between Day 15 and 21 showed no differences between foster pups and pups who stayed with their biological mothers. However, by the age of 30 days, foster pups weighed less than pups reared by their own (biological) mothers; and foster pups at that age did not survive food deprivation as well as the pups reared by their biological mothers. In their Day 30 weights and the capacity to survive food deprivation, foster pups resembled pups that had been permanently separated from their mothers on postnatal Day 15. We conclude that the split cross foster design may introduce variability rather than reduce it. Nonetheless, this design may be useful in the experimental investigation of maternal behavior and mother-pup interactions in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Factors in the etiology of restraint erosions in parabiotic rats.

Rats joined in surgical parabiosis for 25 to 30 days were tested by restraining one member of the pair on a movable cart while allowing the second member to remain free to move about. These rats were compared with other rats joined in pseudoparabiosis for 25 to 30 days so that the behavioral aspects of parabiosis were reproduced but blood sharing did not occur. Pseudoparabiotic rats were also tested on the movable cart at the end of the recovery and adaptation period. Gastric erosions formed in the unrestrained members of both the parabiotic and pseudoparabiotic pairs with an incidence and severity that did not differ statistically. The experimental results fail to support the hypothesis that humoral factor(s) are critical in restraint ulcer pathogenesis in the rat.

Animals↗