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Biomedical subjects

S H Alderson

Publications and source records attributed to S H Alderson.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

A pulmonary monitoring and treatment plan for children with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophies.

The Pulmonary Medicine Section of the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences has recently developed an association with the Muscular Dystrophy Association Clinic held at Arkansas Children's Hospital. The slowly progressive, insidious onset of pulmonary problems associated with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophies and other degenerative muscle disorders indicated a need for a aggressive monitoring and treatment plan for these children and their caregivers. We have developed a Respiratory Care Handbook for families with information on the pulmonary consequences of these diseases including pathophysiology, pulmonary function tests, respiratory treatments including mechanical ventilatory support, and anticipation and prevention of pulmonary crises. In addition, we have introduced for the physician a formal monitoring and treatment regimen driven by changes in the vital capacity lung volume. The substance of this plan is presented in this manuscript.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1990

Breathing patterns in lambs after oleic acid lung injury utilizing respiratory inductive plethysmography.

We measured breathing patterns utilizing a respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) in seven healthy nonsedated lambs after an iv infusion of oleic acid (50 mg/kg) to induce acute pulmonary edema. Our single position graphic (SPG) calibration technique was employed for gain factor calculation. Accuracy was validated by the simultaneous volume measurement of RIP and integrated pneumotachography (PNT). Of a total 840 validation breaths, 467 (56%) were within 5% of PNT, 734 (87%) were within 10%, and 834 (99.9%) were within 20%. In each study baseline physiologic and breathing pattern data were collected and also at 15, 30, 60, 90, 150, and 210 min postoleic acid infusion. Validation of RIP accuracy before each data collection revealed 29% required new gain factor calculation. Recalibration was done within 5 min. Excluding respiratory frequency, which remained at 30% above baseline, variables were not significantly different than baseline measurements at the 210-min interval. Results suggest that calibration of RIP using our SPG technique is a time-efficient method and that RIP can accurately measure breathing patterns, providing an additional tool for assessment of experimental lung injury in lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography during quiet and active sleep in lambs.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography provides a noninvasive method of measuring breathing patterns. Calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography requires calculation of gain factors for ribcage and abdomen transducers utilizing 2 breathing patterns with different ribcage and abdomen contributions and tidal volume measured by either spirometry or integrated pneumotachography. The purpose of this study was to determine if respiratory inductive plethysmography can be calibrated to provide accurate measurements during quiet and active sleep in lambs. We used a least squares linear regression calibration technique with breaths selected from quiet sleep and active sleep to calculate gain factors in 6 tracheostomized lambs. Validation of gain factors was performed by comparing tidal volumes obtained simultaneously by respiratory inductive plethysmography and pneumotachography during quiet sleep and active sleep. Tidal volume differences between respiratory inductive plethysmography and pneumotachography on validation runs of 15 consecutive breaths each revealed 90% of validation breaths within +/- 20% during quiet sleep and 82% of validation breaths within +/- 20% during active sleep. These data provide evidence that respiratory inductive plethysmography can be calibrated to allow breathing pattern measurement during sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography in lambs receiving intermittent mandatory mechanical ventilation.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) is a noninvasive method of assessing breathing pattern. We employed a single-position graphic (SPG) calibration technique for gain factor calculation in 38 studies on five sedated lambs who were receiving intermittent mandatory mechanical ventilation (IMV). The SPG technique uses selection of two breaths from a 20-sec run of breaths with different ribcage/pneumotachograph (PNT) and abdomen/PNT ratios for gain calculation. Validation of gains was performed by comparing volumes obtained simultaneously by RIP and PNT. The mean tidal volume (VT) measured by RIP corresponded well with mean VT measured by PNT with animals receiving 42.2 +/- 13.2 (SD) % of breaths over 1 min by IMV. Time for calibration and validation ranged between 15 and 30 min. The results of this study suggest that the SPG calibration technique provides an accurate method of calibration of RIP in sedated lambs receiving IMV.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Calibration of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph with the single position graphic technique. Accuracy in different behavior states in lambs.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) can measure breathing patterns noninvasively. Calibration is required for rib cage and abdomen transducers utilizing breaths with different compartment contribution correlated with tidal volume measured by integrated pneumotachography (PNT). This study was performed to determine if RIP remains accurate during sleep states following calibration in the quietly awake state. We used our single position graphic calibration technique (SPG) to calculate gain factors in seven tracheostomized lambs. Validation of gain factors was accomplished by comparing tidal volume obtained simultaneously by RIP and PNT during quiet wakefulness (QW), quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS). Results of the study showed that RIP was accurately calibrated during QW. Accuracy was decreased during QS and AS.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Face mask application for calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography in lambs.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography is a non-invasive method of assessing breathing patterns that requires an airway connection for calibration. In previous studies an endotracheal tube was used to establish this connection. We employed a single position graphic calibration technique for gain calculation using a conical face mask in place of the endotracheal tube, thus eliminating the need for sedation and topical anaesthesia. Thirteen studies were completed on seven lambs. Validation of gains was performed by comparing volumes obtained simultaneously by respiratory inductive plethysmography and integrated pneumotachography. Total study time ranged between 5 and 10 min for each calibration procedure. Our results suggest that the conical mask can be used to perform accurate and time-efficient calibration of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph in the spontaneously breathing non-sedated lamb and eliminates the need for endotracheal intubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Breathing patterns in infants utilizing respiratory inductive plethysmography.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) is a method that can be used to assess breathing patterns in infants without an airway connection. Ribcage and abdomen transducers are used which require gain factor calculation for calibration. We employed a single position graphic (SPG) calibration technique for gain factor calculation in RIP to obtain breathing pattern data for 70 infants in the quietly awake state. The SPG technique utilizes selection of two breaths from a 20s run of breaths with different ribcage/pneumotachograph (RC/PNT) and abdomen/pneumotachograph (AB/PNT) ratios for the gain factor calculation. Validation of gain factors was performed by comparing volumes obtained simultaneously by RIP and PNT. In 46 of the infants, maintenance of gain factor accuracy was confirmed following position reversal. Revalidation after position change could not be accomplished in 24 infants who were aroused into an agitated state. Breathing patterns were collected by RIP alone on the 46 infants who remained accurately calibrated in the supine and prone positions. No significant correlations were found between breathing pattern data and anthropometric characteristics. When the infants were repositioned, no consistent pattern of change could be identified. This study suggests that the SPG technique provides time-efficient and accurate calibration of RIP in the newborn infant. Furthermore, accuracy is maintained through position change if the infant remains in the same behavioral state. Breathing pattern data presented is representative of normative values in the quietly awake state for our study population.

Calibration↗
PubMed1986

Calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography in spontaneously breathing lambs and piglets.

Respiratory inductive plethysmography is a method of assessing breathing pattern without an airway connection. We employ a single position graphic calibration technique for gain factor calculation. Nineteen studies were completed in piglets and 20 studies were completed in lambs. The single position graphic technique utilizes selection of two breaths from a 20 s run of breaths with different ribcage/pneumotachograph and abdomen/pneumotachograph ratios for gain calculation. Validation of gains was performed by comparing volumes obtained simultaneously by respiratory inductive plethysmography and pneumotachography. Total study time ranged between 15 and 30 min. Results suggest that the single position graphic calibration technique provides time-efficient and accurate calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography in the spontaneously breathing, sedated lamb and piglet, allowing respiratory inductive plethysmography to become an additional tool for ventilatory parameter measurement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Calibration of computer-assisted (Respicomp) respiratory inductive plethysmography in newborns.

We investigated the accuracy of a computer-assisted, respiratory inductive plethysmograph (Respicomp) on 50 awake human newborns who were lying supine. Breaths were selected with different rib cage (RC) to pneumotach (PNT) and abdomen (AB) to pneumotach (PNT) values. The equation RC/PNT + AB/PNT = 1 was solved using the least squares method (LSQ) of calculation of calibration factors. Validation of the calibration factors was performed with a range of consecutive breaths between 6 and 22. Of the 1,128 validation or revalidation breaths, 628 (56%) were within 10% of the simultaneously measured PNT volume, 1,024 (91%) were within 20%, and 1,128 (100%) were within 30%. The RC or AB compartment contributions to ventilation changed spontaneously in the awake newborns. This change eliminated the need to wait for varying sleep states to obtain calibration factors and reduced total time required for calibration. (Some loss of accuracy is a compromise with this method; the calibration factors obtained do not remain accurate while the infant is asleep.) This method provided a reliable and rapid calibration and validation technique of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (Respicomp) on awake newborns.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Pediatric aerosol therapy guidelines. Indications, techniques, and dosages.

Delivery of medication in aerosol form to the pediatric population is an important therapeutic module. Aerosol therapy allows rapid medication effects, reduces systemic side effects, and provides uniform results in comparable clinical presentations if preparation techniques and dosages are appropriate. The effectiveness of aerosol therapy is dependent upon several key factors, and techniques developed to emphasize these factors will maximize aerosol delivery into the tracheobronchial tree. Indications for medical aerosol therapy are specific for children, and individualized treatment can be structured for a wide variety of pulmonary disorders. Proper and successful administration of aerosol therapy to the infant or child requires a comprehensive amount of skill and knowledge on the part of the respiratory therapy practitioner. Guidelines discussed in this paper will assist the respiratory care practitioner in achieving optimal results in treating airway disease in the pediatric patient.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chest wall motion in neonates utilizing respiratory inductive plethysmography.

After calibration, respiratory inductive plethysmography can accurately measure breathing patterns noninvasively by transmitting ribcage and abdomen compartment changes caused by ventilation through oscillator circuitry. We measured the breathing pattern of nine quietly awake healthy newborn infants and assessed components reflecting asynchrony, paradoxic motion, and overall phasic relations between ribcage and abdomen compartments. Breathing pattern data (mean +/- SD) on 136 total tidal volume (Vt) breaths revealed: Vt, 14.4 +/- 3.40 ml; frequency, 52.1 +/- 11.5 beats/min; ribcage contribution to Vt, 32.2% +/- 13.4%; maximum compartmental amplitude/Vt, 1.01 +/- 0.01; phase angle, 13.2 +/- 9.50 degrees; inspiratory asynchrony index, 0.26 +/- 0.20 ml2/ml; expiratory asynchrony index, 0.42 +/- 0.3 ml2/ml; and average asynchrony index, 0.34 +/- 0.20 ml2/ml. Results demonstrated a high degree of synchrony between ribcage and abdomen movement during quietly awake breathing. Outward motion of the abdomen preceded that of the ribcage for almost every measured breath.

Abdomen↗