Biomedical subjects

S H Anderssen

Publications and source records attributed to S H Anderssen.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Congenital hip dysplasia in Ostfold 1990-96].

BACKGROUND: The focus in this paper is on the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), before and after introduction of sonographic examination in 1993. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1,469 (8.2%) infants were followed up because of clinical findings or risk factors (542 with X-ray and 927 with sonographic examination). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of DDH was 1.14%; 0.92% in neonates and 0.22% as late DDH. The prevalence of late DDH ranged from 0.07% to 0.52% (p < 0.01) with peaks in spring and autumn. The following changes occurred when sonography was introduced: Newborn DDH decreased from 1.06 to 0.77% (p < 0.05), late DDH decreased from 0.26 to 0.19% (not significant), and treatment duration decreased from 6.2 months (SD 1.4) to 4.2 months (SD 1.3)(p < 0.01). 56 of 198 infants with clinical findings (28%) were confirmed to have sonographic DDH (p < 0.01). Previous risk factors were confirmed. Mothers of infants with late DDH had higher pre-pregnancy weight, 63 kg (SD 11) vs 58.5 kg (SD 7.8), p < 0.02) and lower weight gain in the last trimester, (4.2 kg (SD 2.2) vs 6.6 kg (SD 2.7; p < 0.001), compared to a reference population. INTERPRETATION: Sonography has reduced treatment rate and duration of DDH.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Early diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. Use of oto-acoustic emission tests in newborn infants with increased risk of hearing impairment].

With the use of today's screening programme children with congenital hearing losses (prevalence about 1/1,000) get their diagnosis unacceptably late (median age 28 months). Newer screening methods as oto-acoustic emissions and auditory brain stem responses have been in use, separately or as combined tests. The methods are used both as universal screening and as screening of selected children with increased risk of congenital hearing impairment. On the basis of ten risk factors for congenital hearing loss, we present our results from screening in the neonatal period. 283 out of 8,980 children (3.2%) born in Ostfold county over a period of three years have been examined with the use of oto-acoustic emissions. 16 children had pathological emission tests bilaterally on repeated testing and underwent further examination in the ear-nose-and-throat department. One of these children has turned out to have hearing loss.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗

PubMed1997

[Antibiotic treatment of newborn infants. Experiences from a neonatal department].

We have studied all newborns admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit during 1993 and treated with intravenous antibiotics. Patient-files were examined for all available data at admission, focusing on factors predisposing for infection, symptoms, additional diagnoses, laboratory tests, bacteriology and antibacterial treatment. Antibiotics were given to 126 (28%) patients, of whom 90 were suspected of having an infection on admission. 57 of these were discharged with an infection-related diagnosis. 33 patients received prophylactic antibiotics, of whom three later developed infection. Retrospectively, 53 patients had proven or very probable infection. Fourteen patients tested blood culture positive. In our material the incidence of septicaemia was 0.45% of all newborn. Both the frequency of treatment and the incidence of septicaemia are consistent with the findings in earlier reports. We find that our material contains an unacceptably high frequency of false negative blood cultures. Recently published data show that the incidence of positive blood cultures is proportional to the amount of blood extracted.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1996

[Prenatal steroid treatment--a 4-year material].

Prenatal steroids have been used for more than 20 years to prevent respiratory distress syndrome and death in preterm infants. Previously the treatment was recommended from the 28th to the 32nd gestational week. It is now recommended, with very few contradictions, from the 24th to the 33rd gestational week. From 1990 to 93, 56 (39%) of 145 infants under 33 weeks were given prenatal steroids. Amongst the steroid-treated infants there were significantly fewer deaths and fewer respiratory distress syndromes (3.6% vs 18%, p < 0.02 and 61% vs 82%, p < 0.01). Mortality at this age fell from 18% in 1990/1991 to 6% in 1992/1993 (p = 0.019), coinciding with an increase in the use of surfactant from 5% to 30% (p < 0.01) and prenatal steroids from 31% to 46% (p = 0.028). No specific complications that could be attributed to steroids were recorded in either mother or infant. Had the new recommendations applied, a further 28 infants under 33 gestational weeks (58% of all) would have been treated with prenatal steroids.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗

PubMed1993

Autonomic response to auditory stimulation.

Autonomic and behavioral response to fear stimulation (sudden noise 80 dB) was studied in 12 sleeping infants at ages 8-50 weeks. The aim of the present study was to identify a possible passive defense response in infants. The response, which is widespread in birds and mammals, is characterized by apnea and bradycardia with circulatory changes as seen during the forced diving response. Upon stimulation, two respiratory responses were elicited: apnea preceded by irregular respiration or simple irregular respiration. Apnea was elicited in 58% of stimulations at ages 8-16 weeks compared to 14% at 28-50 weeks. The mean duration of apnea decreased from 7.8 s (+/- 1.8 s) at 8-13 weeks to 4.7 s (+/- 1.1 s) at 17-20 weeks. The preceding irregular respiration increased from 5.3 s (+/- 4.4 s) to 10.6 s (+/- 5.4 s) at the same ages. The heart rate response was biphasic and were interpreted as the orienting response. The mean deceleration in relation to apnea was 16% at 8-16 weeks and was reduced to 8% at 28-50 weeks. Infants of smoking mothers were more prone to respond with apnea than infants of non-smoking mothers (73% versus 38%). REM sleep and long postprandial sleep time increased the probability of apnea response (62% versus 38% and 66% versus 35%). The responses seen may be interpreted as expressions of the passive defense response.

Acoustic Stimulation↗