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Biomedical subjects

S H Brenner

Publications and source records attributed to S H Brenner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prospective study of incidence and predisposing factors for clavicular fracture in the newborn.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of clavicular fracture, associated fetal and maternal risk factors and its connection with quality care control. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 3030 newborns delivered vaginally were evaluated for clavicular fractures by three separate physicians. The study group included all newborns with fractured clavicle. A control group consisted of 52 newborns delivered vaginally with no history of fractures. Maternal records were evaluated for possible predisposing factors. RESULTS: Forty-six (l.5%) newborns were found to have clavicular fractures. When compared to the control group, they were found to have a higher birthweight (3710+/-352gm vs 3235+/-405gm) an older maternal age (30.5+/-5 bs 27.7+/-6), a longer second stage of labor (34 min vs 23 min), higher rate of instrumental deliveries (13/46 vs 6/52) and shoulder dystocia (6/46 vs 1/52). Nearly 80% of newborns with clavicular fractures weighed less than 4000 gm. Multivariate analysis demonstrated two independent variables; birthweight over 3500 gm and maternal age >29. CONCLUSION: Clavicular fractures are associated with higher birthweight, older maternal age, longer second stage of labor, instrumental deliveries and shoulder dystocia. However, in most cases this injury cannot be predicted prior to delivery and thus cannot be an indicator of quality control.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

A second thought on second look laparotomy.

Between 1982 and 1987, 43 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma, identified as International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Stages I-IV, underwent second-look laparotomy as a part of their treatment protocol. Twenty-nine patients (67%) had no evidence of residual disease, five (11.6%) had residual disease < or = 1 cm, and nine patients (20%) had residual disease > or = 1 cm at re-exploration. Persistent disease at the second operation was positively correlated with the initial clinical stage, and negatively correlated with the extent of the original cytoreductive surgery. Fifteen of 29 patients with negative findings (52%) developed recurrent disease within two years. All recurrences were limited to the abdominal cavity only. Three and five years survival, for the patients with negative findings, was 62% and 48% respectively. No documented benefit to the patients could be demonstrated by adopting second-look laparotomy as a routine procedure in the management of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. In view of our data, as well as that of others, such operations cannot be considered a valuable routine procedure. At this point, second-look laparotomy may have a role in evaluating the efficacy of a post-surgical new chemotherapy treatment regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

High- and low-power CO2 lasers. Comparison of results for three clinical indications.

In this prospective study, three groups of patients were enrolled: group 1, patients with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN 2 and 3) and carcinoma in situ (n = 56); group 2, patients with benign vulvar and perineal human papillomavirus lesions (n = 83); and group 3, patients with disseminated foci of penile shaft condylomatous lesions (n = 65). Each of the groups was randomly equally divided into two subgroups. One subgroup was treated with a laser beam with an output of 60 W and a spot size of 1-1.5 mm, creating high power density (HPD) ranging between 3,4000 and 7,640 W/cm2, while the other was treated with low power density (LPD) with an output of 20 W and the same spot sizes, creating an LPD ranging between 1,136 and 2,547 W/cm2. In group 1, the time to complete treatment was shorter using the HPD technique (P < .0003), and more satisfactory histologic edges were available (P < .007). HPD was also associated with a significantly shorter healing time and improved cosmetic results in groups 2 and 3 (P = .001). No difference was found in the time to complete therapy or the occurrence of infection when the different modalities were compared. The results of this study suggest that for specific disease entities, HPD is associated with better treatment outcomes than is LPD.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1990

Ketoconazole use in the treatment of ovarian hyperandrogenism.

Ovarian hyperandrogenism is a common disorder of women of reproductive age. The therapies that are presently available to treat this disorder are not uniformly effective or free of adverse effects. We conducted a prospective study of eight women receiving ketoconazole for a mean duration of 44 +/- 15 (SEM) weeks, as therapy of ovarian hyperandrogenism. Serum testosterone and hair growth rate declined in patients while on 600 to 1,000 mg ketoconazole daily. Menses normalized in seven of eight subjects during treatment. Ketoconazole therapy was not associated with a change in basal or postgonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation gonadotropin levels. Basal cortisol levels were also unchanged on ketoconazole though responsiveness of cortisol to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tended to be reduced. We conclude that ketoconazole can effectively reverse the biochemical and clinical abnormalities of ovarian hyperandrogenism. Until the issue of its safety is resolved, ketoconazole therapy is best limited to select individuals who agree to careful monitoring and the use of reliable birth control methods during treatment.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1989

CINAHL and MEDLINE: a comparison of indexing practices.

A random sample of fifty nursing articles indexed in both MEDLINE and CINAHL (NURSING & ALLIED HEALTH) during 1986 was used for comparing indexing practices. Indexing was analyzed by counting the number of major descriptors, the number of major and minor descriptors, the number of indexing access points, the number of common indexing access points, and the number and type of unique indexing access points. The study results indicate: there are few differences in the number of major descriptors used, MEDLINE uses almost twice as many descriptors, MEDLINE has almost twice as many indexing access points, and MEDLINE and CINAHL provide few common access points.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1987

Human semen relaxin and its correlation with the parameters of semen analysis.

The relaxin content of 92 normal semen samples and 85 semen samples selected at random was correlated to the parameters measured on routine semen analysis in those samples. The concentration of immunoactive relaxin in a sample of semen plasma did not correlate with any of the parameters commonly used for semen analysis: count, percent motility, grade of forward progression, volume, and morphology.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Effect of relaxin on human spermatozoa.

To study its effect on the motility of human spermatozoa, relaxin was added at different concentrations to human semen samples of various qualities as well as to washed spermatozoa. Relaxin in physiologic concentrations (10-100 ng/mL) had no significant effect on sperm motility in normal semen samples. However, the addition of relaxin to semen samples with low sperm motility significantly increased the motility. Addition of relaxin similarly increased the motility of spermatozoa from normal semen samples that were either aged or washed; the treatment resulted in a decrease in motility. When sperm motility was optimal, as in normal samples, addition of relaxin did not increase motility. However, in some situations of decreased motility, addition of relaxin resulted in improvement of spermatozoan motility. Relaxin may have clinical value in the treatment of male infertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of relaxin on the motility of sperm in freshly thawed human semen.

In an attempt to improve the motility of thawed spermatozoa after 1 week of its being frozen, we treated ten normal semen samples with 16.7 nmol relaxin and 6 mmol caffeine. Motility and grade of forward progression were examined after thawing. Caffeine significantly improved motility of spermatozoa. Relaxin, when added to semen at the time of thawing, improved motility and grade of forward progression significantly. This effect was not seen if relaxin was added before freezing. These results suggest that the biologic activity of relaxin is adversely affected by freezing and thawing in seminal plasma. These observations may have clinical importance for the improvement of motility of frozen spermatozoan samples at the time of artificial insemination and for the possible improvement of pregnancy rates.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1985

The use of voided urine temperature in the determination of basal body temperature.

The temperature of freshly voided urine has been shown to be a reliable predictor of body temperature. This relationship was confirmed for the measurement of BBT. A method was described for patients to obtain their BBT in a way that they may find more convenient than obtaining either oral or rectal temperature. The BBT graph patterns generated from the temperature of freshly voided urine closely paralleled those generated by oral temperature.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1985

Relaxinlike bioactivity in pooled human pregnancy serum.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the immunoreactive relaxin contained in human pregnancy serum is biologically active. Relaxin was extracted from pooled serum of women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The extraction also was performed on pooled male serum and pooled serum from women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The extraction process began with delipidation of the serum followed by extraction of relaxin using 0.1% HCl per 50% acetone. Dialysis then was performed to remove low molecular weight substances (less than 3500 daltons). The partially purified extracts were applied individually to a muscle segment in the in vitro rat uterine horn bioassay for relaxin. The extracts of both male serum and female follicular-phase serum, containing no immunoreactive relaxin, resulted in tetanic contractions of the muscle segment. The extract of pregnancy serum, containing immunoreactive relaxin, produced inhibition of rat uterine horn contractility. This represents the first demonstration of relaxinlike bioactivity in human serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hyperprolactinemia and associated pituitary prolactinomas.

The association between serum prolactin (PRL) and the presence of pituitary tumors as determined by third generation computed tomography scan was studied in hyperprolactinemic patients. Patient charts from a four-year period were reviewed to identify those patients with elevated PRL (greater than or equal to 25 ng/mL). All patients with hyperprolactinemia underwent computed tomography scan evaluation of the pituitary gland. Hyperprolactinemia was identified in 79 patients, mean PRL 59 +/- 6.1 ng/mL SEM. Pituitary tumors were identified in 35 of these patients, mean PRL 65 +/- 11.9 ng/mL. This level was not significantly different from the level in 43 patients with normal computed tomography scans (52 +/- 5.7 ng/mL). This review found that computed tomography scan identified pituitary tumors in 44% (35 of 79) of patients with hyperprolactinemia. The likelihood of finding a pituitary tumor did not correlate with the level of hyperprolactinemia. Computed tomography scan is indicated for the diagnosis of prolactinomas in all hyperprolactinemic patients regardless of the serum PRL level.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

The effect of in vivo progesterone administration on relaxin-inhibited rat uterine contractions.

Progesterone pretreatment in vitro was previously shown to sensitize myometrium to the inhibiting effect of relaxin. The following experiments were performed to control for possible artifacts of the in vitro system and to place these studies on a more physiologic basis. Immature rats were treated with estrogen and either progesterone or vehicle only. Uterine horn segments were isolated and mounted in a muscle bath. After a baseline contraction pattern was established by means of electrical stimulation, porcine relaxin was added to the bath. At all dose levels of relaxin, greater inhibition of contraction amplitude occurred in uterine segments of progesterone-treated animals. Since both progesterone and relaxin are present in the circulation from the time of the missed menses in human pregnancy, this interaction suggests a physiologic synergism in the maintenance of early human pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of human sperm cervical mucus penetration in vitro by relaxin.

The effect of relaxin, a peptide hormone present in seminal plasma, on the penetration of cervical mucus by washed human sperm in vitro was studied. Penetration was analyzed by two methods. The total number of sperm per 100 X field at the 10-mm, 20-mm, and 30-mm points along a mucus-filled capillary tube was counted and the farthest distance 100 sperm and 5 sperm/100 X field penetrated the capillary tube was measured. These measurements were made at 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Treating washed sperm with physiologic concentrations of relaxin resulted in significantly increased sperm penetration as compared with sperm treated with albumin or buffer. Replacing seminal plasma to washed sperm resulted in equivalently increased penetration. The findings strongly suggest that relaxin is necessary for proper penetration of cervical mucus by human sperm.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

The effect of an anti-insulin antiserum on human sperm motility.

Inhibition of sperm motility by anti-relaxin antiserum has been previously reported. This effect may be secondary to a nonspecific effect of immunoglobulins binding to sperm or to a specific inhibition of relaxin activity at the sperm surface. The current investigation demonstrates that an anti-insulin antiserum does not inhibit sperm motility in the same system in which an anti-relaxin antiserum results in inhibition. This supports the hypothesis that the anti-relaxin antiserum effect is specific.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Effect of prolactin and relaxin on in vitro rat uterine contractions and prolactin interaction with relaxin.

The balance between relaxin and prolactin has been suggested to be significant in the control of uterine activity during pregnancy. The current study was designed to determine the effect of rat prolactin on rat uterine horn segment contractility and its interaction with relaxin. Rat uterine segments mounted on a smooth muscle transducer were treated sequentially with prolactin and relaxin, and stimulated electrically. No stimulatory effect of prolactin was noted. Relaxin-inhibited uterine horn segment activity was not altered by prolactin. The reported stimulatory effect of prolactin may have been a pharmacologic effect of human prolactin on rat uterine horn segments, or may have resulted from contaminants in the preparations used.

Animals↗