PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S H Hasan

Publications and source records attributed to S H Hasan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Histological pattern of central nervous system neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: To see in a large series of patients the histological pattern of CNS neoplasms and to provide a comprehensive data about the frequency of CNS neoplasms in Pakistani patients and to give a clearer idea about their prevalence. METHOD: Retrospective study of all consecutive cases of CNS neoplasms diagnosed at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between 1st January, 1994 and 31st December, 1999. SETTING: The section of Histopathology, AKUH, Karachi. OBSERVATION: Our series included a large number of cases i.e., 1110. There are very few local studies on CNS tumours and none so large. Our data was correlated with published Western and Pakistani data. Glial tumours were the commonest primary CNS neoplasms followed by meningiomas. Among glial tumours, astrocytomas comprised the largest group and the majority were high grade (III and IV) astrocytomas. Percentages of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas were also significant. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. However, meningiomas were more common in females. Almost half of the CNS tumours in patients 15 years or younger were in the posterior cranial fossa. Metastatic tumours were much lower as compared to the West. CONCLUSION: Except for the high percentages of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas and the low percentage of metastatic tumours, most of our findings roughly correspond with the published data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Morphological pattern of salivary gland tumours.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the spectrum of salivary gland tumors in our setup. SETTING: The Aga Khan University Medical Centre, Karachi. METHOD: Tumors were analysed considering histological type, age and sex of the patients and anatomic location. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the 1991 World Health Organisation Classification. RESULTS: During the span of eight years (1991-1998), 379 cases of salivary gland tumours were diagnosed. Of these, 205 (65.7%) were male and 174 (34.3%) were female. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 35 years. The median age for patients with malignant lesions (44 years) was 12 years older than those with benign tumours (34 years). Overall, malignant tumours were seen more frequently in males, however benign tumours were distributed equally between the two sexes. The most common site was parotid gland (82.85%). Only five cases of minor salivary gland tumours were seen. The most frequently diagnosed benign salivary gland neoplasm was pleomorphic adenoma (84.5%), followed by Warthin's tumours (6.18%), Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most commonly encountered malignant lesion (56.9%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (19.6%). CONCLUSION: Plemorphic adenoma was the most common benign salivary gland tumour and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant neoplasm. Parotid gland was the most common site of origin in both benign and malignant tumours. The overall relative frequency of salivary gland tumours in this series correlates with that reported in the international literature.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2000

Clinicopathological profile of Wilms' tumor.

The profile of renal tumors in children less than 15 years of age during the period 1991-1997 is presented. Among the 37 children with kidney tumors, 29 (78.4%) had Wilms' tumor. There was also a 20-year-old female with Wilms' tumor. The median age at presentation was 2.6 years (range 2.5 months to 20 years). 66.7% of the cases diagnosed were < or = 3 years and 90% were < or = 6 years. Five cases were under one year of age. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Twenty-two cases (73.3%) were triphasic and 7 (23.3%) were biphasic. Only one case was monophasic with blastemal component. Five cases (16.7%) showed nephrogenic rests in the uninvolved renal parenchyma and one case had nephroblastomatosis. The tumor was favorable in 26 cases (86.7%) and unfavorable in 4. Fourteen cases were in-patients while 16 were outside referrals. The pathological (10 cases whose specimens were sent from other centers) and clinicopathological (13 hospitalized patients) staging showed 10 cases (43.5%) with stage 1, 4 cases (17.4%) with stage 2, and 7 cases (30.4%) with stage 3. In two cases (8.7%), there was stage 4 disease. The length of the follow-up period in the 13 hospitalized patients ranged from 7 days to 5 years 5 months (median 14 months). There was one recurrence and one death after 2 years of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Morphological pattern of testicular tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the mode of presentation, age distribution and the prevalence of various histological subtypes of testicular tumors. METHOD: All consecutive cases of testicular tumors diagnosed in the department of pathology, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, during the period of eight years (1991-98) were included in this study. Relevant clinical details such as age, clinical presentation and side of involvement of the testis were also recorded, where available. RESULTS: During the span of eight years (1991-98), 170 cases of testicular tumors were diagnosed at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Most of the tumors were diagnosed in the third and fourth decade of life. Scrotal mass or swelling was the predominant mode of presentation. There was a slight predominance of right-sided testicular tumors. Germ cell tumors constituted 83.5% of all malignant testicular neoplasms. Amongst these seminoma was the most common (36.5%) tumor followed by mixed germ cell tumors (28.82%). Yolk-sac tumor was the commonest testicular neoplasm in children while lymphoma was the predominant neoplasm in the elderly population. CONCLUSION: The overall relative frequency of testicular malignancy in this series correlated with that reported in the international literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Breast diseases in males--a morphological review of 150 cases.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to observe the prevalence breast diseases of males in our setup. METHOD: All cases of male breast disease diagnosed from 1991-97. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty (150) cases of male breast diseases were diagnosed. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 90 years, with mean age 38.75 years (median = 33 years). Gynecomastia was the most common pathological abnormality of the male breast (58.66%). Most of the patients presented in the 3rd decade of life. Amongst the malignant conditions, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was most prevalent (82%). Most of the patients with malignancy presented in the 5th and 6th decades of life. CONCLUSION: Gynecomastia was the most prevalent male breast disorder, followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Our findings correspond with that of world literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Retinoblastoma tells the story of our health care system.

OBJECTIVE: To review cases of retinoblastoma. SETTING: Department of Pathology Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. METHOD: Twenty-three specimens from cases of retinoblastoma received over a period of eight years were routinely processes and stained with haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Other stains were used for tuberculoses and melanin. Immunochemistry was resorted to in undifferentiated tumors. RESULTS: Over 60% cases of retinoblastoma were diagnosed after 5 years and nine cases showed involvement of optinerve. CONCLUSION: Late diagnosis of retinoblastoma effects the stage of the tumors and the prognosis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Histological pattern of ovarian neoplasma.

OBJECTIVE: To see the morphological pattern of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. METHOD: Retrospective study of all consecutive cases of ovarian neoplasms diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital between 1st January 1993 and 30th September 1998. SETTING: The Section of Histopathology, AKUH, Karachi. OBSERVATION: Of 855 ovarian tumours 506 (59.18%) were benign and 349 (40.81%) malignant. Surface epithelial-stromal tumours comprised 63.50% of all tumours. Benign cystic teratoma was the commonest benign tumour (35.17% of all benign tumours) and serous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour (33.33% of all malignant tumours). Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas are more common in our population as compared to the West and borderline and malignant mucinous tumours occur at a younger age group. Malignant germ cell tumours are also common in our population. CONCLUSION: Except for the greater frequency of malignant mucinous and germ cell tumours, the findings of our series correspond to the published Western data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Central nervous system lymphomas: a histologic and immunophenotypic analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the spectrum of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involving the central nervous system including morphological subtypes and immunophenotypic status. SETTING: Retrospective analysis of eleven years (1986 to 1996) data from surgical pathology files of Department of Pathology. RESULTS: Forty-three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were diagnosed during the period of eleven years (from 1986 to 1996), all of which were diffuse types. A total of 1177 Central Nervous CNS biopsies were examined, out of which 937 cases were diagnosed as CNS neoplasms, the remaining were non-neoplastic in nature. Among 937 CNS neoplasms, 43 cases (4.6%) were reported as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. As most of the cases were outside referrals, the primary or secondary nature of the lymphomatous process could not be assessed. Seventeen cases were intracranial, while 26 cases were spinal in location. Majority of the intracranial lymphomas were biopsied from the cerebrum (12 cases). Male to female ratio was 1:2. The median age for intracranial lymphomas was 50 years and for spinal lymphomas 29 years. There were 16 cases (37%) of diffuse large cell lymphomas; 7 cases (16%) of diffuse mixed small and large cell lymphomas; 3 cases (7%) of diffuse large cell immunoblastic lymphomas; 2 cases (4.6%) of lymphoblastic lymphomas and diffuse small non-cleaved cell lymphomas and one case of small lymphocytic lymphoma and diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma. One case of T cell rich B cell lymphoma was also diagnosed in the thoracic spine as primary extranodal lymphoma. Eight cases were unclassifiable and in 2 cases the features were suggestive of lymphoma. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed in 20 cases, however, in 2 cases the results were inconclusive. Fifteen cases (83%) showed immunoreactivity for B cell markers and 3 cases showed T cell phenotype out of which one case was lymphoblastic lymphoma. CONCLUSION: CNS lymphomas were uncommon tumors and comprised 4.6% of the total CNS neoplasms in our study. Moreover, these CNS lymphomas accounted for 2.2% of the total non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including both nodal and extranodal. There was a higher incidence of location of these lymphomas within the spinal cord than brain. Most of the lymphomas were of intermediate or high grade (75%) according to the working formulation. Immunophenotypical status revealed B-cell phenotype in 84% of the lymphomas, in which it was tested (JPMA 50:141, 2000).

Central Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in proliferative conditions of the liver.

To overcome the diagnostic dilemma in proliferative conditions of the liver which sometimes pose a problem to the working pathologist especially when the material is inadequate, a special staining technique (AgNOR) has been applied. By using this technique, nucleolar organizer regions were counted which determine the proliferative status of the cells. This prospective study included 65 cases of randomly selected liver core and fine needle aspiration biopsies. AgNOR staining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections NOR dots were counted in 100 randomly selected hepatocytes at x100 oil immersion objective, and the mean count per cell was calculated for each case. Statistical analysis was done by using the Mann Whitney U test. AgNOR count results were later compared with the histologic diagnosis. The study revealed a gradual increase in mean AgNOR counts from normal liver through cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The difference in NOR counts was significant in these three groups. The hepatocellular carcinomas were graded according to the Edmondson-Steiner histological grading system. The Grade I hepatocellular carcinomas show AgNOR counts ranging between 5-6/cell, a score which is much higher than in the normal liver, where it ranges between 1.2-2.0/cell. This technique can be used to assess the lesions where the distinction between normal liver and Grade I hepatocellular carcinoma is difficult with the use of routine methods. AgNOR counts in normal liver and chronic hepatitis cases were insignificant, but there was an appreciable difference between cases of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In view of the results of this study, the AgNOR staining method is found to be a useful diagnostic tool to differentiate between normal liver, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and also to precisely discriminate between cases of normal liver and Grade I hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1999

T cell rich B cell lymphoma (TCRBCL): study of sixteen cases with review of literature.

T cell rich B cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) is a recently described variant of diffuse non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), the acronym of which has gained wide acceptance among hematopathologists in a relatively shorter period of time. The recognition of this entity requires immunohistochemical facilities especially on paraffin embedded tissues. TCRBCL is one of the many examples in the diagnostic anatomic pathology which emphasizes the need of immunocytochemistry and availability of this technique at least in referral laboratories. One of the differential diagnosis in this case includes lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (LPHD) which is the most favorable prognostic histologic subtype of Hodgkin's disease (HD) while TCRBCL is an aggressive B Cell NHL and should be treated as high grade large cell lymphoma. The other close differential includes peripheral T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PTCL). We reported sixteen (16) cases of TcRBCL diagnosed during a period of two and a half years (January 1995 to June 1997). HD and PTCL were the main differential diagnoses in most of these cases. The median age at diagnosis was 39 years and male to female ratio was equal. TCRBCL was nodal in location in 15 cases and a single case in extranodal site presenting as spinal tumor. The mean neoplastic B cell population was 12%, while that of reactive T cells was 82%. A significant polymorphous inflammatory cellular background was noted in 5 cases. Reed-Stenberg like cells were observed in 3 cases. Immunoglobulin light chain restriction studies were performed in fourteen cases and revealed lambda light chains in ten cases while in four cases kappa light chains were present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Clinico-morphological pattern and frequency of bone cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was done to find out the frequency of malignant tumors of bone and to categorize the prevalence of various histological types of osseous malignancies with respect to age, sex and site of origin. SETTING: This study included consecutive cases of malignant bone tumors, which were diagnosed in the department of pathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of three years (1995-1997). METHODS: These tumors were initially evaluated on H & E stained section from paraffin embedded tissue blocks. Special stains and immunohistochemical analysis was performed whenever required. RESULTS: A total of 169 malignant bone tumors were diagnosed during the study period. Metastatic tumors accounted for 28.4% of all malignant tumors of bone. Osteogenic sarcoma (27.2%) was the most frequent primary tumor of bone followed by Ewing's sarcoma (12.4%), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (10.6%), Chondrosarcoma (8.3%), Plasma Cell Myeloma (8.3%) and other rare entities (4.8%) in order of frequency. CONCLUSION: The most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed in osseous biopsies was metastatic tumors. Osteogenic sarcoma was the most frequent primary bone tumor in this series. The bone tumors were relatively more prevalent in males. The frequency of malignant bone tumor was relatively high as compared to developed countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Morphological pattern and frequency of thyroid tumors.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was done to evaluate the frequency of thyroid cancer and to find out the prevalence of histological types of thyroid tumor with respect to age and sex group. SETTING: This study included consecutive cases of malignant tumors of thyroid gland, which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during the period of three years (1995-1997). METHODS: These cases were evaluated on H & E stained sections from paraffin embedded 10% buffered formalin fixed tissue blocks. Special stains and immunohistochemical analysis were performed whenever required. RESULTS: A total of 8541 malignant tumors were diagnosed in a period of 3 years which included 103 (1.2%) cases of thyroid cancer. Thyroid tumors were more prevalent in females with female to male ratio of 2.6:1. Papillary carcinoma (69%) was the most common histological type of thyroid tumors, followed by follicular carcinoma (11.6%), medullary carcinoma (9.7%), anaplastic carcinoma (5.9%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (2.9%) and unclassified tumors (0.9%) in order of frequency. CONCLUSION: Thyroid cancer was more common in females. Papillary carcinoma was the most common histological type of thyroid tumors in females as well as in males. Papillary carcinoma was more prevalent in third, fourth and fifth decades of life while follicular and anaplastic carcinomas were more frequent after the fourth decade of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the management of thyroid pathology--the Aga Khan University Hospital experience.

OBJECTIVE: To report the efficacy of FNAC in patients with thyroid disease. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1994 the records of all patients treated surgically for thyroid disease at ENT Head and Neck Surgery of Aga Khan University were reviewed. All the patients had pre-operative FNAC as the first line of evaluation and the histopathologist examined post-operative thyroid specimen. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (36 female and 9 male) had thyroid surgery. In 26 patients out of 45, FNAC was conclusive in diagnosing the nature of disease, while in 19 patients the FNAC was inconclusive because of the presence of follicular cell neoplasia. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the FNAC is very accurate and a reliable test in the diagnosis of thyroid pathology, however, to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma final histology is required. FNAC is cost effective method of evaluating thyroid pathology pre-operatively and plays a vital role in planning the surgical management of thyroid nodule.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1999

The pattern of malignancies in Karachi (1995 to 1996).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cancer pattern of the city of Karachi for the years 1995-1996. METHODS: The Karachi Cancer Registry, established in 1995 by the Government of Sindh, in collaboration with the IARC is an active registry. The staff collect the data pertaining to cancer patients and record it on the registry forms. Hospitals in Karachi, district south as well as some of the hospitals in other districts of the city, where patients are likely to go for treatment or diagnosis are visited. People residing in the district for more than six months prior to the onset of the malignancy were considered "residents". All the cases diagnosed on or after 1st January 1995 till 31st December 1996 were considered for analysis. RESULTS: In the years 1995-96, the most common cancer sites among males were cancers of the lung, oral cavity and lymph nodes. For females, breast cancer ranked first, followed by cancer of the oral cavity and ovary. The age standardized rate for all cancers was 96.3 per 100,000 in males and 96.9 per 100,000 in females. At this early stage of registration we assume that the registry has a missing rate of approximately 20-25%. CONCLUSION: The pattern of malignancies in Karachi is similar to the western countries, with lung and breast being the commonest tumors amongst the males and females respectively. The Asian countries have stomach/lung/oral cavity/liver as the commonest tumors amongst the males and cervix/breast amongst the females. Pakistan being a Muslim country, the incidence of cervical cancer showed an expected low figure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

p53 and PCNA expression in benign, atypical and malignant meningiomas.

OBJECTIVE: Alterations: p53 genes are turning out to be the most common genetic alterations in human cancers. Due to long half-life of mutated p53, its detection is possible by immunohistochemistry. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is expressed by dividing cells, hence has been shown to correlate with prognosis. We have used monoclonal antibodies protein DO-7 (p53) and PC10 (PCNA) to see whether their expression correlates with histological grading in meningethelial tumour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty nine meningiomas (20 benign, 7 atypical and 2 malignant) were selected from the records of our laboratory. p53 and PCNA expression was sought by immunohistochemistry using Peroxidase Anti Peroxidase (PAP) technique. RESULTS: Four benign and 2 atypical meningiomas showed weak staining for p53. Both malignant meningiomas showed strong positivity for p53. Six benign meningiomas had less than 5% PCNA positivity, one 10% positivity and three showed 20% positivity. PCNA positivity ranged for 10-80% in atypical meningiomas. In two malignant meningiomas PCNA positivity was 70% and 90%. CONCLUSION: It is worthwhile to include p53 and PCNA expression along with histologic assessment in predicting outcome of meningiomas. A larger series with complete follow-up is essential in assessing value of these markers which unfortunately remains a dream in our country.

Humans↗