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Biomedical subjects

S H Landesman

Publications and source records attributed to S H Landesman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The case for routinely offering prenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus.

Infections with human immunodeficiency virus are becoming increasingly common among women of reproductive age. The consequences of these infections on maternal and child health are substantial. Evidence has been published that suggests that testing only those women recognized as being at risk through physician-elicited, patient-volunteered testing programs will fail to identify substantial numbers of infected patients. This article develops the arguments that informing infected women of their serologic status is of critical importance and that in clinical practice identification of women with sexually transmitted diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus can only be accomplished with routine testing (with consent, confidentiality, and counseling).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Passive immunization against disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b: concentrations of antibody to capsular polysaccharide in high-risk children.

From the pooled plasma of 54 adult donors immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (CP), a human hyperimmune globulin termed bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) was prepared. The pharmacokinetics of antibody to H. influenzae type b CP in high-risk children was compared after BPIG and conventional immune serum globulin (ISG) were administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.5-0.6 ml/kg. The increase in antibody level four to seven days after injection was ninefold higher with BPIG than with ISG and remained higher throughout the three-month follow-up period. The mean half-life of antibody to H. influenzae type b CP was similar after BPIG (27 days) and ISG (29 days). Antibody levels returned to baseline one to two months after ISG but remained significantly above baseline three months after BPIG (mean concentration, 385 ng/ml). Based on the assumption that 150 ng of IgG antibody to H. influenzae type b CP/ml is the minimal protective level, it is concluded that a single intramuscular dose of 0.5 ml of BPIG/kg will protect children for four months.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1986

CNS toxoplasmosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a clinical-pathological-radiological review of 12 cases.

From January 1981 to January 1983 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in 90 patients admitted to Kings County Hospital-Downstate Medical Center. CNS involvement occurred in 18 patients of whom 12 had toxoplasmosis confirmed by biopsy or necropsy. Pathological specimens from these 12 patients were notable for a marked diminution or absence of cellular inflammation. Each patient had elevated serological studies for toxoplasma. AIDS presented with symptoms referable to CNS toxoplasma in eight patients. In the remaining four patients, toxoplasma was found late in the course of the illness. CT showed either ring enhancing lesions or solid nodules. The course was uniformly fatal, though patients treated continuously with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine survived longer.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

The AIDS epidemic.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Recurrent Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Seven Haitian and one white patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia were identified over a 28-month period. In three patients bacteremia developed concurrently with an opportunistic infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The remaining five patients had their initial episodes of bacteremia 3 to 11 months before the diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These five patients had signs suggestive of the syndrome, plus evidence of disordered cellular immune function (lymphopenia, anergy, decreased T-helper cells, decreased proliferative responses, and a deficiency in mononuclear-cell alpha interferon production). Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia in the appropriate clinical setting may be an opportunistic pathogen associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Of the 92 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were seen at our institution over a two-year period, 9 acquired the nephrotic syndrome (urinary protein greater than 3.5 g per 24 hours) and 2 had azotemia with lesser amounts of urinary protein. Five of these 11 patients had a history of intravenous-heroin addiction, but in the remaining six, there were no known predisposing factors for nephropathy. In nine patients (including the six non-addicts) the course of renal disease was marked by rapid progression to severe uremia. Renal tissue examined by biopsy in seven patients and at autopsy in three revealed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with intraglomerular deposition of IgM and C3. In the 11th patient, renal biopsy revealed an increase in mesangial matrix and cells, with deposition of IgG and C3 consistent with a mild immune-complex glomerulonephritis, and severe interstitial nephritis. We conclude that focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis may be associated with AIDS and suggest that rapid deterioration to uremia may characterize this renal disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of antibody concentration measured by mouse protection assay and radioimmunoassay in sera from patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal disease.

The radioimmunoassay (RIA) of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies is dependent on the association of radiolabeled antigen and pneumococcal antibody. However, it is not known whether the ability of the antibody to complex with antigen correlates with in vivo protection against infection. A method for evaluating protective ability of antibody vis-à-vis binding ability is to passively transfer a measured quantity of antibody into recipient mice followed by a lethal challenge with virulent pneumococci. Protection against a fatal outcome is then correlated with the amount of antibody (as measured by RIA) passively transferred. This comparison of quantitation by RIA and biological protection in mice was performed on 30 sera from humans. The sera were obtained from vaccinated healthy persons and vaccinated persons at high risk of developing pneumococcal infection, including people with nephrotic syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various forms of cancer. The results of these studies indicate that antibody as measured by RIA correlates with protective antibody against pneumococcal infection. These studies were conducted on pneumococcal serotype 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prospective evaluation of moxalactam therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis.

In a prospective evaluation twenty patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis were treated with moxalactam, either alone or in conjunction with other antibiotics. Of thirteen patients who received only moxalactam, eight recovered, one failed to respond, and five died of causes other than meningitis. Cultures of CSF were negative before death in each instance. Thirteen (65%) of 20 treated patients recovered. Reversible hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding occurred secondary to moxalactam therapy in one patient. The mortality from gram-negative bacillary meningitis remains high owing to the incidence of associated underlying disease. Moxalactam brings about bacteriologic control in a large proportion of patients who are infected with highly sensitive gram-negative enteric bacilli.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1983

Acquired immune deficiency in Haitians: opportunistic infections in previously healthy Haitian immigrants.

We describe acquired immune deficiency manifested by opportunistic infections in 10 previously healthy heterosexual Haitian men. The opportunistic pathogens included Toxoplasma gondii (in four patients), Cryptococcus neoformans (in one), Pneumocystis carinii (in four patients), and Candida albicans (in three). Six of the patients also had Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunologic studies of three patients showed a decrease in the numbers and activity of helper T cells, with normal or increased populations of suppressor T cells. Serologic markers for previous infections from hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus were detected in several patients. Six of the patients died despite specific antimicrobial therapy. The clinical and immunologic findings in these 10 Haitians are similar to those reported in drug addicts and homosexuals with the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A review.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a newly recognized disease of unknown etiology, characterized by deregulation of the cell-mediated immune function system and manifested by opportunistic infections, unusual neoplasms (particularly Kaposi's sarcoma) in previously healthy persons. Male homosexuals, drug addicts, Haitian immigrants, and hemophiliacs constitute the group at high risk of having AIDS. The disease is probably caused by an as yet unidentified agent that is transmitted from person to person via sexual contact, blood, or blood products. Available therapy cannot reverse the underlying immune defect. Mortality at two years exceeds 70%. This article reviews the current state of our knowledge about AIDS. Selected aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, immunology, and etiology of the disease are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Pneumococcal vaccine in elderly patients with COPD.

Antibody levels to 12 serotypes of the 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine were measured in 12 patients (mean age of 70) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), approximately one year postvaccination and in 17 additional patients with COPD (mean age 70) who were not vaccinated. In the vaccinated group, the geometric mean antibody concentration (GMAC) 13 months postvaccination was above the presumed postvaccination minimally protective level (250 to 300 ng of antibody nitrogen per milliliter) for all serotypes except 6A and 19F. Antibody levels exceeded 700 ng for nine of 12 types. The GMAC for all 12 types was 927. In the nonvaccinated group, GMAC were slightly higher than seen with healthy younger persons (395 vs 217). It is concluded that elderly persons with COPD have adequate antibody titers for at least one year after vaccination.

Aged↗