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Biomedical subjects

S H Roth

Publications and source records attributed to S H Roth.

174 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Longterm fenoprofen therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Fenoprofen, a new antirheumatic agent, was evaluated in 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in an open study design to simulate the conditions under which the drug will be used. No control agents were used. The effectiveness of fenoprofen was demonstrated by the per cent of patients who improved during fenoprofen therapy. Duration of therapy varied from one to 629 days. Pain was the first parameter to respond, followed by an anti-inflammatory effect, which was observed after four to six weeks of therapy. Side effects consisted mainly of minor gastro-intestinal symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

An open trial of naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis patients with significant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal lesions.

To confirm the reported lack of major gastrointestinal side effects of naproxen, we gave 58 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and significant gastrointestinal disease therapeutic doses of naproxen while closely monitoring them for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal x-ray examinations at the start of the trail, and, when indicated, during the course of the study. Endoscopies were also performed when indicated. Forty patients had hiatus hernia and 35 had peptic ulcer (23 duodenal ulcer and 12 gastric ulcer). Twenty-six patients had a combination of hiatus hernia with either type of peptic ulcer. After 262 patient visits over a period of 52 weeks, 35 patients remained in the study, all having had more than six months of naproxen therapy in dosages ranging from 500 to 750 mg daily. In 33 of the 35, the response to naproxen had generally been good to excellent. Only seven patients dropped out of the trial because of complaints referable to side effects. There were no major related upper gastrointestinal side effects as monitored by continuing clinical evaluation, stool occult blood, comprehensive laboratory examination, and, where indicated, upper gastrointestinal x-ray studies. Approximately 70 per cent of the patients demonstrated efficacy on long-term naproxen therapy by subjective and objective parameters. Naproxen appears to be an efficacious and remarkably safe drug in the long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, even in the presence of significant upper gastrointestinal symptomatology.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sulfuric acid aerosol induces changes in alveolar surface tension in the guinea pig but not in the rat.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an acid aerosol, at high concentration, on the surface properties of the extracellular fluid lining the airways and alveolae. Guinea pigs and rats were exposed to 43 mg/m3 and 94 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 0.9 micron or water aerosol (control), respectively, for 4 hours in an exposure chamber. Surfactant material was extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) by centrifugation, and phospholipid, protein, and cell concentrations measured. The extract was reconstituted to 300 micrograms/mL of phospholipid, and its surface properties assessed with a captive bubble surfactometer. The minimum surface tension for the acid-exposed guinea pig BAL was 12.1 +/- 8.48 (mean +/- SD) mN/m, which was significantly higher than the control group, 2.0 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SD) or the acid-exposed rats, 1.29 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD). The change in film area obtained by compressing the film from equilibrium surface tension (25 mN/m) to its minimum value (gamma min) was 62.9 +/- 13.83 (mean +/- SD)% for acid-exposed guinea pigs, compared to 16.3 +/- 5.77 (mean +/- SD)% for the control guinea pigs. The most sensitive index of surfactant inhibition was found to be the maximum film compressibility (Cmax) of the compression isotherm. This index was 119 times greater for the acid-exposed guinea pigs compared to control animals. These abnormalities were associated with an elevation of total protein (0.95 +/- 0.33 [mean +/- SD] mg/mL compared to 0.13 +/- 0.03 [mean +/- SD] mg/mL in controls) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the BAL. There was no change in total phospholipids. By contrast BAL retrieved from rats exposed to approximately twice the concentration of acid aerosol showed no cellular nor biochemical abnormalities and its surface tension properties were normal. We conclude that the abnormalities of surfactant activity in the acid-exposed guinea pigs result from the cellular and humoral responses of acute lung injury rather than a direct effect of acid.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth and development in the rat during sub-chronic exposure to low levels of hydrogen sulfide.

The effects of low levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on mammalian growth and development are unknown although it has long been postulated that H2S can inhibit critical developmental functions through the cleavage of disulfide bonds and chelation of essential metal ions. Gravid rat dams exposed to H2S (less than or equal to 75 PPM) from day 6 of gestation until day 21 postpartum (PP) demonstrated normal reproductive parameters until parturition. At parturition, however, delivery time was extended in a dose dependent manner with a maximum increase of 42% at 75 PPM. Maternal liver cholesterol content was elevated significantly on day 21 postpartum following exposure to 75 PPM H2S each day for 6 weeks. Pups which were exposed in utero and neonatally to day 21 postpartum developed with a subtle decrease in time of ear detachment and hair development and with no other observed change in growth and development through day 21 postpartum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of acid aerosol exposure on the surface properties of airway mucus.

It was hypothesized that the mucous layer lining the tracheas of rats and guinea pigs contains surfactant material capable of lowering the air/mucus surface tension, gamma, and that exposure to an irritant aerosol would raise the gamma. The gamma of the surface film was measured directly by a spreading droplet technique and indirectly by displacement of polymethyl methacrylate particles into the aqueous layer. The morphology of the mucous film was examined by electron microscopy after nonaqueous fixation. gamma was 33.3 +/- 0.70 (SE) mN/m and 32.3 +/- 0.68 (SE) mN/m for the normal rat and guinea pig trachea, respectively. Exposure for 4 h to aerosols of sulfuric acid (94.1 +/- 18.68 (SD) and 43.3 +/- 4.57 (SD) mg/m3) caused a several-fold increase in thickness of the mucous layer with exudation of protein-like material. The osmiophilic surfactant film at the air/mucus interface became irregularly thickened and multilayered. Despite these morphological changes gamma remained low, 33.2 +/- 0.43 (SE) mN/m and 32.6 +/- 0.60 (SE) mN/m for rats and guinea pigs, respectively, and displacement of particles into the subphase was not compromised. The results indicate that rodent tracheas are able to maintain a low surface tension in the presence of injury.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remission: the goal of rheumatic disease therapy.

This international symposium is devoted to a discussion of the potential remission-inducing properties of an exciting new agent: auranofin (AF). The definition of remission, however, remains imprecise--meaning "cure" to some and various degrees of improvement to others. The proposed parameters of the ARA Committee for Criteria of Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), are compared to physicians' global estimate of disease activity from the ARAMIS (American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System) national rheumatic disease data bank. We report which parameters have corresponded most closely to the suggested criteria for remission of RA. Through such analysis we may be better able to define remission and to determine which patients experience remission during a particular course of therapy.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

NSAID gastropathy. A new understanding.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) gastropathy is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, which result in high costs to both the patient and society. The subset of patients who are at greatest risk for developing NSAID gastropathy continues to be better defined, but various risk factors, such as age and previous gastrointestinal tract disease, have been identified. In patients receiving older NSAIDs, the choice of NSAID should be based on differences in formulations at the lowest effective dose. Gastroprotective cotherapy should be instituted if treatment with older NSAIDs is continued in at-risk patients; misoprostol is currently the only agent approved for this indication. The impact of misoprostol on clinical gastrointestinal tract end points has recently been documented. Newer NSAIDs may have an improved safety profile over older NSAIDs; some have a clinically documented reduction in the incidence of adverse gastrointestinal tract effects. An understanding of these issues should enable the informed clinician to choose an NSAID on the basis of risk-benefit and cost-benefit considerations.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗