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Biomedical subjects

S H Roth

Publications and source records attributed to S H Roth.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

From experiment to experience: side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

As part of the approval process, new drugs are first studied in controlled clinical trials with carefully selected patients. After gaining approval, however, these drugs are often used in the general community under widely different circumstances. This report explores the effects of such differences on the frequency and severity of side effects using the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a prototype. A review of clinical trials is compared with the accumulated experience at the Stanford and Phoenix Arthritis Centers. Statistical analysis of patient records was accomplished using the American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System Computer Data-Base System. To overcome potential biases in different methods of detecting side effects, a questionnaire was mailed directly to 390 patients, including subjects who were and were not participants in formal drug studies. Agreement between experiment and experience was generally quite good. However, a tendency for severe side effects to occur more frequently in community use than would be predicted from clinical trials was noted.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Biphasic actions of pentobarbital on synaptic transmission.

The effects of pentobarbital were studied on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. Low concentrations of pentobarbital (0.04 - 0.1 mM) produced an increase in the Schaffer collateral to CA 1 evoked EPSP and population field potential amplitudes. Higher concentrations of pentobarbital (0.2 - 1.0 mM) produced depression of field potential amplitudes. Pentobarbital altered synaptic transmission by affecting both pre- and post-synaptic functions. Analysis of input/output curves suggest the presynaptic site is most sensitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The emerging new arthritis drugs. A clinician's opinion.

In the face of deficiencies in our present system of introducing new drugs, clinicians must be committed to monitoring patients carefully. They must not be caught up in the hyperbole and excitement of the latest new drug, but instead should allow the crucible of time to teach them and the rest of the medical community the ultimate truths about this drug in all situations. They must not let the package circular be their only guide to therapy, for it reflects only what has been accomplished under limited conditions. By knowing their patients well and by learning to proficiently use selected drugs that they have become familiar and comfortable with, conscientious practitioners will approach the present state of the art in meeting the needs of their patients.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1982

The effects of chlorpromazine and phenobarbital on cerebellar Purkinje cells.

The morphological effects of two chemically different neuroactive drugs (chlorpromazine and phenobarbital) on developing Purkinje cells in the rat cerebellum were examined to determine the presence of cytological alterations. Therapeutic dosages of both drugs were chronically administered to separate groups of maternal rats beginning on day 18 postcoitus. Entire litters were sacrificed on postnatal days 13, 15, 18, and 21. Light microscopic quantitation of Purkinje cells demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in total numbers below control levels at all ages examined for both drugs. Pyknotic Purkinje cells, which appeared more numerous in the drug tested groups, had a paucity of synaptic contacts on both the soma and dendritic branches. Both drugs tested produced similar results within the parameters examined. These alterations have been discussed in relation to possible mechanisms and sites of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effects of chlorpromazine and phenobarbital on vasculogenesis in the cerebellar cortex.

The morphological effects of two chemically different neuroactive drugs (chlorpromazine and phenobarbital) on vasculogenesis in rat cerebellum were examined to determine the presence of vascular alterations. Therapeutic dosages of both drugs were chronically administered to separate groups of maternal rats beginning on days 10, 13, 15, 18, and 21. In chlorpromazine-treated animals the specific length of blood vessels was most severely reduced in the Purkinje cell layer. Animals treated with phenobarbital demonstrated an initial reduction in specific length in the Purkinje cell layer but returned to control values by day 21 postnatal (p.n.). Blood vessels in the molecular and granular layers showed little change. The observed changes have been discussed in relation to possible mechanisms and their relationship to neurogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of benoxaprofen and sulindac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

The efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen and sulindac were compared in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. A double-blind, crossover protocol was used with three placebo periods. Fixed doses--600 mg of benoxaprofen once a day and 200 mg of sulindac twice a day--were used. Rheumatoid arthritis patients showed significant improvement in most measurements with both drugs, but overall results favored benoxaprofen, particularly in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and physician's global assessment. Results were fairly equal in osteoarthritis patients. Propoxyphene consumption was less during the benoxaprofen therapy period for both groups of patients. Adverse reactions in combined rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients generally were mild to moderate. Gastrointestinal complaints were more common with sulindac, while skin reactions were more common with benoxaprofen. No serious abnormalities in laboratory values were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A simple and sensitive force transducer suitable for measuring tensions in small muscle fibers.

The design and fabrication of a simple tension force transducer, sensitive enough to measure tensions of individual and fine bundles of muscle fibers, is described. The transducer is capable of accurately measuring tensions as little as 0.5 dynes along the longitudinal axis of fibers. The response of the transducer is linear within the range of 0.5 to 500 dynes. Examples of its use and small crustacean striated and vertebrate cardiac muscle fibers are presented.

Animals↗