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Biomedical subjects

S H Sell

Publications and source records attributed to S H Sell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Natural history of pertussis antibody in the infant and effect on vaccine response.

To better characterize the transplacental transfer and persistence of pertussis antibodies and their role in the immune response to vaccine, concentrations of pertussis agglutinins and antibodies to lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were measured in three distinct groups of serum. Transplacental pertussis IgG antibody concentrations in newborns were found to be comparable to corresponding maternal concentrations and to decline with a half-life of approximately 6 weeks. By the age of 4 months, most infants had no detectable antibodies to LPF or FHA. Higher concentrations of maternally derived antibody to LPF were associated with a significantly weaker antibody response to conventional vaccine. In contrast, acellular vaccine stimulated superior antibody production, regardless of antecedent concentrations of antibody to LPF. The data support continuation of the current schedule of pertussis immunization and further efforts to develop an acellular vaccine for use in young infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Impact of recurrent otitis media on middle ear function, hearing, and language.

Whether recurrent otitis media in infants and young children is followed by delayed language development was addressed by following 210 normal subjects longitudinally through the first 2 years of life with pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry performed at every physician encounter. Otitis accounted for 26% of the medical visits. One hundred fifty-six of these children had speech and hearing evaluation at 2 years of age. Thirty percent of the children with recurrent otitis media had a mild or moderate hearing loss. However, after multiple speech and language tests, we could not identify a delay in language acquisition in the otitis-prone children. At 3 to 4 years old, 36 children, including nine with a hearing loss at 2 years of age, were retested; all nine had normal hearing. Recurrent otitis media induced a temporary decrease in hearing sensitivity demonstrable at 2 years of age, which appeared to resolve as the children matured and which was not associated with delay in language acquisition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Lack of comparability between commonly used serological assays of immune response to Haemophilus influenzae vaccine.

Reliable measures of the serum level of antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are essential for evaluating current and future vaccines intended to protect against invasive disease. It was recently noted, however, that certain commonly used assays of antibody to PRP produced incompatible results. To investigate this observation, we analyzed banked sera from four PRP vaccine studies in parallel by several assays. Significant differences were noted, both in absolute titers and in the ratios of post- to prevaccination titers, between the various assays. These differences seemed to be due to the different antigen preparations used in the assays. Unless workers standardize on a single assay, protective levels of antibody to PRP will have to be defined separately for each assay. Serological results of Hib vaccine trials cannot be compared without considering the assay methods used.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: manifestations and long term sequelae.

The observations made in these studies, which have been enhanced and refined in recently published reviews, 9-11 clearly demonstrate that a wide range of neurologic and learning disabilities are found in a large proportion of survivors of Hib meningitis who were successfully treated with antibiotics at the time of their acute illness and were subsequently considered to be normal by parents, teachers and peers. Despite their apparent normality many children have minimal brain damage and fall behind in intellectual achievement and social adjustment. Clearly no matter how effective therapy is in dealing with acute disease, it cannot prevent the development of handicapping sequelae in all children. For this reason I strongly believe that prevention of Hib meningitis is essential.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

A longitudinal study of the detection of otitis media in the first two years of life.

A number (210) of children were followed longitudinally through the first two years of life with pneumatic otoscopy and electroacoustic immitance, tympanometry, at every physician encounter. Tympanometry proved to have a high predictive value (86%) for detecting normal ears but relatively poor predictive value (58%) for detecting abnormal ears when utilized as a routine screening procedure with every clinic visit. In part the tympanometrically abnormal ears which appeared normal in otoscopic exam were temporally related to recent episodes of otitis and concurrent upper respiratory congestion, but many were unrelated to detectable middle ear pathology. These observations detract from the utility of tympanometry as a screening tool for middle ear pathology.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1982

Age-related response to two Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines.

Two types of Hib vaccines were compared for efficacy and safety in 71 normal children in three age groups: 36 to 72 months, 15 to 18 months, and 6 to 8 months. One vaccine contained the Hib-specific capsular polysaccharide, PRP; the second vaccine contained PRP combined with pertussis vaccine, PRP-P. A third vaccine, DTP, was administered to a control group for each age. Anti-PRP antibody levels were greater after vaccination with PRP-P than after PRP in all three age groups. Immunoresponsiveness to both vaccines increased with age. A lower incidence of side effects was seen with both PRP (15%) and PRP-P (20%) than with DTP (56%). The results suggest that PRP-P is both well tolerated clinically and has greater immunogenicity than PRP.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Patterns of illness in the highly febrile young child: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory correlates.

Three hundred one episodes of fever greater than or equal to 103 F were documented in 375 infants and young children observed in a comprehensive care clinic during the period October 1974 to October 1978. Of such highly febrile illnesses 79% were accompanied by respiratory tract signs or symptoms, 7% by disease at a site other than the respiratory tract, and 22% of illnesses had no localizing signs or symptoms. Viral cultures were obtained from the respiratory tract in 178 cases and were positive in 68: 57/134 from respiratory illness; 2/4 from illness at sites other than the respiratory tract; and 9/40 in children without localizing disease. Bacterial cultures of the upper respiratory tract were obtained in 191 illnesses, but the overall rate of isolation of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A streptococci (46%) did not differ from that in a group of well children (39%). Bacterial cultures of the blood were obtained in 89 patients with fever greater than or equal to 103 F and in an additional 41 children with lower temperatures. Nine children had documented systemic bacterial disease (eight positive blood cultures and one positive CSF). The rate of clinically apparent systemic bacterial disease in these otherwise normal infants was one bacteremic episode per 94 years of child care.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

The radiological features of Histoplasma pericarditis.

The radiographic features of pericarditis due to Histoplasma capsulatum are described in 5 children. This diagnosis is suggested when enlargement of the cardiac silhouette is associated with pneumonia, parenchymal nodules or adenopathy. These findings are particularly significant if the patient lives or has lived in an area which is endemic for histoplasmosis. While pleural effusion is rare in primary histoplasmosis, it is frequently present in patients with histoplasma pericarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of otitis media caused by Hemophilus influenzae: evaluation of three antimicrobial regimens.

Ninety young children with otitis media, proven by tympanocentesis culture to be due to Hemophilus influenzae, were treated in a prospective double-blind study with one of three antimicrobial regimens: ampicillin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, or erythromycin ethylsuccinate with concomitant trisulfapyrimidines. Results of efficacy evaluation indicated that the combination was as effective as ampicillin and statistically superior to erythromycine alone. Of the strains of H influenzae identified, 15/9 were typable with 12/9, type b. In vitro sensitivity tests indicated that the strains were sensitive to the amtimicrobials studied in clinically attainable levels; however, comparison of individual efficacy ratings with sensitivity results indicated that some children in each treatment group failed to respond as predicted.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Trials of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine in normal children: an overview of age-related antigenicity and reactogenicity.

The total multicenter data from trials with inactivated monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine in 2,326 normal children were collected and summarized at Vanderbilt University (Nashville, Tenn.). These combined data provided the best measure of the relative antigenicity and reactogenicity of each manufacturer's vaccine. Children younger than 10 years of age were shown to have vaccine-associated reactions to doses of whole-virus vaccine containing as little as 50 chick cell-agglutinating units. Split-virus vaccines were well tolerated in doses eight times as high. No vaccine was satisfactorily antigenic in a single dose. A two-dose regimen of split-virus vaccine was antigenic, and this regimen was not associated with acute reactions.

Adolescent↗