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Biomedical subjects

S H Walker

Publications and source records attributed to S H Walker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Teenagers' knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated risk behaviors.

Adolescents are now recognized as being at high risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the presumed cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article reports the findings of a survey that examined AIDS knowledge, risk behaviors, and informational sources for AIDS in a group of suburban New Jersey high school students (N = 152). This group had knowledge of HIV and its transmission, but results indicated that students also participated in behaviors considered "risky" for the transmission of HIV. These behaviors included unprotected sexual intercourse (40% of sexually active males) and sexual intercourse with multiple partners over a period of time (23% of sexually active males).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

WAIS profiles in mentally retarded adults.

The present study investigated WAIS indices of scatter in a sample of 83 mentally retarded adults (FIQ, means = 58). Overall subtest scatter was significantly correlated with VIQ, PIQ and FIQ. There was no significant relationship between the discrepancy score (absolute value of the difference between VIQ and PIQ), and VIQ, PIQ and FIQ. The scatter and discrepancy score means were surprisingly large. Analysis of VIQ and PIQ configuration revealed that VIQ greater than PIQ, and PIQ greater than VIQ occurred with nearly equal frequency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Fibrin(ogen)olysis in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: preliminary findings on association with disease activity.

Postulating an increased production of fibrin(ogen)olytic degradation products (FDP) and an abnormality of fibrinogen metabolism in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA), we studied 16 PMR/TA patients and 10 control subjects using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for a specific type of FDP, namely, fibrin(ogen)-related D-antigen. Median serum D-antigen levels were increased five-fold in those 11 PMR/TA patients who were untreated compared with control subjects. In the five PMR/TA patients who were treated with prednisone the median D-antigen levels were not significantly different from those of the healthy controls. D-antigen concentration correlated significantly (r = 0.83) with ESR in the seven untreated PMR patients. In PMR patients prednisone therapy was followed by a reduction of serum D-antigen levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Race-associated differences in drinking behaviour.

An evaluation of the oral intake and the need for alternative therapy in aboriginal and white (European ancestry) children hospitalized for dehydration due to diarrhoea revealed significant differences in drinking behaviour. In a retrospective study of 120 children (36 aboriginal), the white children were far more likely to require an alternative mode of fluid administration (39 of 86 white versus 3 of 34 aboriginal). In a prospective study, although treated in the same manner by the same staff, during the first eight hours after admission white children had a mean oral intake of 2.9 ml/kg/hr (range 0.4-6.6, S.D. 1.6) whereas the aboriginal children had a mean oral intake of 6.1 ml/kg/hr (range 2.2-9.2, S.D. 2.1). The drinking behaviour of children varies with racial and/or cultural background. This should be considered in designing and administering rehydration solutions.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Long-term lithium carbonate therapy causes hyperparathyroidism.

Twelve patients taking lithium carbonate for two to 13 years were compared with age- and sex-matched controls to determine whether long-term lithium carbonate therapy is associated with alterations in calcium metabolism. As a group and individually, patients had significantly higher levels of serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone. When compared with serum calcium levels, patients' parathyroid hormone levels were significantly more likely than those of controls to indicate hyperparathyroidism. Lithium carbonate-induced mild hyperparathyroidism appears to be more common than had previously been suspected.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sodium and water content of feedings for use in infants with diarrhea.

The sodium and water intakes of a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1972-73, when hypernatremia was common, and a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1978-79, when hypernatremia was rare, were compared. Infants from both study periods whose intake was poor and who received feedings containing sodium in concentrations greater than 17 mEq/liter were more likely to develop elevated serum sodium concentrations. In a group of infants recovering from diarrhea, the effect upon the serum concentration of sodium of varying water and sodium intake was studied. Those treated with small amounts of a solution containing 30 mEq sodium per liter regularly demonstrated an elevation of serum sodium, whereas those treated with large amounts of the same solution regularly demonstrated a depression. It is concluded that infants with diarrhea should receive feedings containing sodium in concentrations less than 17 mEq/liter unless a high fluid intake can be assured.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in infants and children.

In infants less than 3 months of age, the serum concentration of cefamandole during therapy was higher and more prolonged than that in children older than 1 year. A dosage of 37 mg/kg administered intravenously at 6-h intervals provided a serum concentration in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of common bacterial pathogens for 4 h, and in young infants for 5 h, after dosing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A randomization test for comparison of groups of growth curves with different polynomial design matrices.

Well defined methods for comparing mean polynomial growth curves exist when subjects are measured at identical times, modeled with polynomials of identical degree and when multivariate normality of the measurements can be assumed. Relaxing these conditions creates problems solved here for the special case of a completely randomized design by developing a randomization test which is both practical and interval specific. The procedure is applied to longitudinal data from a study of human growth.

Adolescent↗