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Biomedical subjects

S H Zinner

Publications and source records attributed to S H Zinner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Vaginal colonization with Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis).

Vaginal cultures for Corynebacterium vaginale and confidential questionnaires were obtained from unselected young women who consulted a gynecologist in a student health service. In all, 466 women were studied, 150 (32.2%) of whom were colonized with C. vaginale. Logit analysis defined four factors that were significantly associated with colonization with C. vaginale: nonwhite race, use of oral contraceptives, no history of marriage, and a history of pregnancy. Sexual experience had little influence on colonization; C. vaginale was isolated from 16 (29%) of 56 sexually inexperienced women and from 40 (41%) of 98 women who had had intercourse with six or more men. After a few patients with trichomoniasis were excluded, there was no association between colonization with C. vaginale and an abnormal vaginal discharge, either as reported by the participant or as noted by the examining physician.

Black People↗
PubMed1977

Synergistic activity of trimethoprim and amikacin against gram-negative bacilli.

The in vitro effect of trimethoprim on the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of amikacin against 20 strains each of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, 15 strains of Escherichia coli, and 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by the checkerboard technique in microtiter plates. Trimethoprim had a synergistic effect on the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of amikacin against the majority of non-pseudomonas strains tested. The mean +/- standard deviation fractional inhibitory concentration indexes were 0.59 +/- 0.19 for the Klebsiella strains, 0.48 +/- 0.18 for the Serratia strains, and 0.60 +/- 0.22 for the E. coli strains tested. Respective mean +/- standard deviation fractional bactericidal concentration indexes for these organisms were 0.55 +/- 0.17, 0.54 +/- 0.29, and 0.61 +/- 0.22. A total of 40% of the Klebsiella strains, 80% of the Serratia strains, and 46% of the E. coli strains had a fractional inhibitory concentration equal to or less than 0.25 for both of these antimicrobial agents and were considered to be synergistically inhibited by the combination. By applying this criterion to bactericidal activity, synergy was demonstrated against 50, 65, and 46% of these strains, respectively. All of the Enterobacteriaceae tested were inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations of trimethoprim and amikacin. Antagonism was not demonstrated with any of the organisms tested. Trimethoprim had no antibacterial effect on the Pseudomonas strains and did not alter amikacin's activity against these bacteria.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1976

Effects of IgM and IgG antibody in patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli.

Earlier studies, which indicated that high titers of O-specific antibody to the patient's infecting organism in acute-phase serum specimens were not associated with a decrease in the frequency of subsequent shock and death in bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli, were reexamined for evaluation of the protective activity of specific IgG and IgM antibody. Titers of hemagglutination antibody and levels of IgM, determined by indirect immunofluorescent staining of the patient's infecting organism, as well as hemagglutination titers after reduction of serum with 2-mercaptoethanol and IgG levels, correlated closely (P less than 0.001). High titers of IgG antibody to the patient's infecting organism in acute-phase specimens were associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of shock and death in bacteremia. In contrast, high titers of IgG antibody were not associated with a diminution in the frequency of shock and death. The previously demonstrated protective activity of antibody to an antigen, Re lipopolysaccharide, shared by most gram-negative bacilli was reconfirmed and shown to be independent of the protective activity of O-specific IgG antibody.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of methods for the isolation of genital mycoplasmas from men.

Two hundred nine men were studied to determine the optimal method of obtaining cultures for genital mycoplasma. Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasmas) was isolated from 95 (45.5%) of the participants. Urethral cultures obtained by means of urethrogenital calcium alginate swabs identified 82 (86%) of the 95 colonized men. Urethral cultures taken with cotton-tipped applicators (76%) urine cultures (27%), and cultures of the coronal sulcus (24%) detected fewer colonized men. All men who were colonized with U. urealyticum were identified by one of the two urethral cultures. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from 73 (34.9%) of the 209 men. Urethral cultures identified most of the circumcised men who were colonized with M. hominis (11 of 14; 79%). In contrast, cultures from the coronal sulcus detected most of the colonized uncircumcised men (49 of 59; 83%). More than 90% of the men who were colonized with M. hominis were identified by either urethral culture or culture of the coronal sulcus. A similar study was conducted among 143 normal college students yielded comparable results.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Familial aggregation of urinary kallikrein concentration in childhood: relation to blood pressure, race and urinary electrolytes.

Biochemical alterations that have been correlated with elevated blood pressure have not received extensive epidemiologic study because of the technical difficulties involved. Because the excretion of urinary kallikrein is reduced significantly in adult hypertensives, we have studied urinary kallikrein in a cohort of children in whom familial aggregation of blood pressure has been demonstrated. Casual specimens of urine were obtained in household surveys, and urinary concentration of kallikrein was determined in 601 children aged 5-18 years. The children were from 163 families, whose members also had their blood pressures measured. Familial aggregation of urinary kallikrein concentration was found by analysis of variance (F=3.45, p less than 0.001) even in these casual specimens and was demonstrable for black and white children analyzed separately. Urinary kallikrein concentration was significantly lower in black children than in white children (p less than 0.001) and was positively correlated with urinary creatinine and urinary potassium and inversely related to urinary sodium concentrations. Urinary kallikrein concentration also was being altered by season (being lowest in the summer) and by time of day (being highest in the morning). Families with the lowest mean kallikrein concentrations tended to have higher blood pressures than did families with the highest mean kallikrein concentrations, although the effect is small and subject to many variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effect of clindamycin on the in vitro activity of amikacin and gentamicin against gram-negative bacilli.

The in vitro effect of clindamycin on the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of amikacin (BB-K8) and gentamicin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by the checkerboard technique in microtiter plates. Clindamycin (15 mug/ml) produced statistically significant increases in the minimal bactericidal concentrations of amikacin and gentamicin against E. coli and Klebsiellae at 2 and 4 h of incubation. The minimal bactericidal concentration against P. aeruginosa was not affected. Higher concentrations of clindamycin (20 to 25 mug/ml) reduced the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of amikacin and gentamicin for E. coli at 18 h of incubation. The synergistic bactericidal activity of amikacin and carbenicillin against E. coli, but not P. aeruginosa, was also inhibited slightly by clindamycin (15 mug/ml). The clinical implications of this inhibition of the early bactericidal in vitro activity of aminoglycosides by clindamycin remain to be determined. Although these in vitro results have not been studied in clinical infections, it is conceivable that slight interference in early bacterial killing could alter the outcome of infection in the immunosuppressed patient.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1974

A longitudinal study of blood pressure in childhood.

Blood pressures were taken in 609 children aged 6-18 in 163 families, 549 of whom had been studied 4 years earlier. Age and sex adjusted scores were expressed in standard deviation units (SDU). Analysis of variance again revealed the variance of blood pressures within families to be significantly less than among all children in this age group (p is less than 001. There was a significant positive relation between the follow-up and initial readings (regression coefficients: 0.24,p is less than .001 for systolic and 0.14,p = .001 for diastolic pressures). Of 88 children with initial systolic scores greater than 1 SDU above the mean, 65 percent had positive scores at follow-up, and 57 of 81 (70 percent) children with initial systolic scores less than 1 SDU below the mean had negative scores at follow up. These data suggest that stratification of blood pressures within peer groups begins and is detectable in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Rapid method for determining serum bactericidal activity.

To screen large numbers of sera, a method was devised which utilizes the Steers-Foltz replicator which is usually used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration for antibiotics. Each of the wells (9 by 15 mm) of the replicator is filled with 0.06 ml of serum, 0.02 ml of a 10(5) suspension of organisms, and 0.02 ml of diluent (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride buffer, pH 8.4). The mixtures are incubated for 3 h, and samples are taken at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h by stamping duplicate nutrient agar plates (approximately 0.04 ml from each well). Plates are incubated overnight, and bactericidal activity is estimated by visual inspection of bacterial growth at each site for each sampling time. Results obtained with 28 serum-organism pairs paralleled standard pipetting-pour plate methods. The replicator method for determining bactericidal activity allows for the testing of a large number of samples and requires negligible amounts of serum.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1973

Isolation of Eikenella corrodens in a general hospital.

Eikenella corrodens is a small pleomorphic gram-negative bacillus which produces pitting on agar. From December 19, 1970, to December 2, 1971, E. corrodens (also known as HBI) was isolated from material submitted to the Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory of the Boston City Hospital from 72 patients (48 males, 24 females) ranging in age from 8 months to 92 years. The organism was recovered from sputum or bronchial washings in 46 instances, from throat or nasopharyngeal swabs in 11, from wounds in 8, from 2 human bites, and from 3 abscesses. It was isolated in pure culture from one of the human bites. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured for 26 strains against six antibiotics by using the inocula replicating method on heart infusion blood agar. E. corrodens was most susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin with 100% and 96% of strains inhibited by 1.65 mug of these antibiotics per ml, respectively. Eighty percent of the strains were inhibited by 3.125 mug of chloramphenicol per ml and 52% were inhibited by this amount of gentamicin. Resistance was greater for tetracycline and clindamycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗