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Biomedical subjects

S Hamburger

Publications and source records attributed to S Hamburger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Racial differences in the prevalence of intraocular lens implants in the United States.

We generated population-based estimates of the prevalence of intraocular lens implants by using the 1988 Medical Device Implant Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. This national survey of a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized United States population comprised 47,485 households and 122,310 persons. To produce national projections, we used survey respondent-reported data based on 1,941 reported intraocular lenses in 1,337 persons. Projected to the United States population, an estimated 2.6 million people had a total of 3.8 million lens implants. The predominant reason for the implant was cataract. The intraocular lens replacement rate was 0.9%. The use of intraocular lens implants was statistically significantly different from the general population in persons with the following socioeconomic characteristics: age (65 years or older), race (white), gender (female), annual family income (less than $20,000, although more commonly at or above the poverty threshold), and education (less than high school). The prevalence rates per 1,000 persons according to age were as follows: 0.3 for persons 44 years old or younger, 9.9 for persons 45 to 64 years old, 33.3 for persons aged 65 to 69 years, 63.5 for persons aged 70 to 74 years, and 113.5 for persons 75 years old or older.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Cerebrospinal fluid hormones, monoaminergic metabolites, and dynorphin A (1-8 sequence) were examined in 43 children with severe, primary obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were positively correlated with one of eight obsessive-compulsive disorder severity ratings and three of seven measures of improvement following 5 weeks of treatment with clomipramine hydrochloride. Arginine vasopressin concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with several ratings of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity, while oxytocin concentration was positively correlated with depressive symptoms. The ratio of arginine vasopressin to oxytocin was also negatively correlated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive symptoms. Comorbid affective disorder was associated with decreased arginine vasopressin concentrations, while concomitant anxiety disorder was associated with increased oxytocin. Dynorphin A (1-8 sequence), homovanillic acid, corticotropin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and corticotropin releasing hormone were not significantly related to obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. These results seem to indicate that arginine vasopressin may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity, while 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid might be associated with drug response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Seroprevalence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus in dialysis workers: results of a multi-center study.

The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, in collaboration with the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., conducted a multi-center, multi-institutional study of the seroprevalence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among dialysis workers. Seven dialysis units and 112 dialysis workers participated in the study over a period of 2 years. Participation was limited to dialysis workers who, by questionnaire, denied non-occupational risk factors for HIV infection. The vast majority of the study participants were drawn from areas where the prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS cases are substantially greater than the national average. Study participants received the ELISA test for HIV antibodies. All 112 of the participants tested negative for HIV antibodies. These results are encouraging, as they failed to reveal unrecognized occupational transmission of HIV infection among dialysis workers.

HIV↗
PubMed1991

The effects of reprocessing cuprophane and polysulfone dialyzers on beta 2-microglobulin removal from hemodialysis patients.

To further define the relationship between dialyzer reuse and the removal of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) during dialysis, 26 patients who received hemodialysis were studied. Thirteen patients were dialyzed with conventional cuprophane dialyzers, and thirteen patients were dialyzed with high-flux polysulfone dialyzers. Patients in each group were dialyzed with only new dialyzers during the primary-use phase of the study, and reprocessed dialyzers during the reuse phase. Dialyzers were used six times during the reuse phase. Serum beta 2M levels were measured both predialysis and postdialysis, and adjusted for fluid loss. Dialysis with conventional cuprophane new dialyzers during the primary-use phase of the study resulted in a 3.3% increase in serum beta 2M levels, and a 2.4% increase in serum beta 2M levels during the reuse phase. The difference in the change of the concentration of beta 2M between primary-use and reuse phases was not statistically significant. Dialysis with high-flux polysulfone new dialyzers during the primary-use phase was associated with a decrease of 59.5% in the mean postdialysis concentration of serum beta 2M compared with the predialysis level. A corresponding decrease of 62.6% in serum beta 2M levels was observed after dialysis with high-flux polysulfone reprocessed dialyzers during the reuse phase. These data show no evidence of an adverse effect on the clearance of beta 2M during dialysis from the reuse of dialyzers up to six times. The results confirm previous studies that have reported that high-flux dialysis with polysulfone dialyzers removes substantial amounts of beta 2M, and dialysis with conventional cuprophane dialyzers does not.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The cause of childhood hyperactivity (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder) is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that cerebral glucose metabolism might differ between normal adults (controls) and adults with histories of hyperactivity in childhood who continued to have symptoms. Each patient was also the biologic parent of a hyperactive child. None of the adults had ever been treated with stimulant medication. To measure cerebral glucose metabolism, we administered 148 to 185 MBq (4 to 5 mCi) of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose intravenously to 50 normal adults and 25 hyperactive adults while they performed an auditory-attention task. Images were obtained for 30 minutes with a Scanditronix positron-emission tomograph with a resolution of 5 to 6 mm. Whole-brain and regional rates of glucose metabolism were measured with computer assistance by two trained research assistants, working independently, who were blinded to the subjects' status (control or hyperactive). RESULTS: Global cerebral glucose metabolism was 8.1 percent lower in the adults with hyperactivity than in the normal controls (mean +/- SD, 9.05 +/- 1.20 mg per minute per 100 g vs. 9.85 +/- 1.68 mg per minute per 100 g; P = 0.034). In the adults with hyperactivity, glucose metabolism was significantly reduced, as compared with the values for the controls, in 30 of 60 specific regions of the brain (P less than 0.05). Among the regions of the brain with the greatest reductions in glucose metabolism were the premotor cortex and the superior prefrontal cortex. When the seven women with hyperactivity or the six patients with learning disabilities were omitted from the analysis, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Glucose metabolism, both global and regional, was reduced in adults who had been hyperactive since childhood. The largest reductions were in the premotor cortex and the superior prefrontal cortex--areas earlier shown to be involved in the control of attention and motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites, aggression, and impulsivity in disruptive behavior disorders of children and adolescents.

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a metabolite of serotonin, were measured in relation to aggression, impulsivity, and social functioning in 29 children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. The cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level was low compared with that of age-, sex-, and race-matched patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Within the disruptive group, significant negative correlations with age-corrected 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level were seen for the child's report of aggression toward people and the expressed emotionality of the child toward his or her mother; other correlations of age-corrected 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level with measures of aggression were in the expected negative direction but did not reach statistical significance. Impulsivity per se and socioenvironmental factors were not significantly related to cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clindamycin in the treatment of an outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis in a kibbutz due to beta-lactamase producing organisms.

During the winter of 1987-88, an epidemic of streptococcal pharyngitis (SP) affected almost 25% of the 800 inhabitants of a community settlement (kibbutz), and failed to respond to treatment with penicillin and/or erythromycin, despite the fact that the streptococci were highly sensitive to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration: MIC less than 0.001 micrograms/ml). We suggested that the concomitant presence of beta-lactamase producing organisms in the pharyngeal cavities of the affected individuals with SP could inactivate the antibiotics, rendering the streptococci resistant to penicillin. Throat swabs were taken and tested for aerobic and anaerobic beta-lactamase producing organisms and for beta-lactamase activity and clindamycin treatment was given to 110 patients with SP. Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 90 cases and the cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus (25 cases), Haemophilus sp. (22 cases) and anaerobes, which we did not identify in 68 cases. Ninety-eight patients completed the ten-day course of treatment with clindamycin and 96 were cured clinically and bacteriologically. The epidemic was controlled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal ultrasound: are socially disadvantaged groups afforded equal access?

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of the patterns of ultrasound use during pregnancy for all single live births (n = 2542) delivered at a major teaching hospital in one calendar year. Extent of maternal education was inversely correlated with the probability of receiving a prenatal ultrasound examination (p less than 0.001). Clinic patients were more likely to receive prenatal ultrasound examinations than were private patients (p less than 0.001). Blacks were more likely than whites to receive prenatal ultrasound examinations (p less than 0.001). Short duration of prenatal care, inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, and history of previous pre-term delivery were all associated with an increased probability of receiving a prenatal ultrasound examination (p less than 0.001).

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Doctor of pharmacy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1977

Consequences of myocardial reperfusion following temporary coronary occlusion in pigs; effects on morphologic, biochemical and haemodynamic findings.

The effects of myocardial reperfusion have been examined following a 1 h coronary occlusion and compared to a permanent coronary ligation in pigs. Haemodynamic investigations were carried out throughout the surgical intervention and repeated after 7 days. Cellular injury was estimated by serial serum enzyme determinations (creatin phosphokinase, alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase) during the first 5 postoperative days; infarct size was assessed morphometrically by a histochemical staining procedure 1 week after the temporary or permanent coronary occlusion. A linear correlation was found between the logarithmically plotted peak serum activity of AST, HBDH, CPK and the morphometrically determined infarct size. Based upon enzyme and morphometrical studies no significant difference could be detected between the two experimental groups. In the animals subjected to transient coronary occlusion, however, the development of a ventricular aneurysm had been prevented to early and sustained reperfusion. Early re-establishment of coronary circulation appears to accelerate the proliferation of a more resistant granulation tissue into the infarcted area. Cardiac performance was not improved by myocardial reperfusion.

Animals↗