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Biomedical subjects

S Hameed

Publications and source records attributed to S Hameed.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Reno-protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine in patients with impaired renal function undergoing coronary angiography and interventions.

BACKGROUND: The increasingly frequent use of contrast enhanced imaging for diagnosis or interventions in patients with CAD has generated concern about avoidance of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Reactive oxygen species have been shown to cause CIN. OBJECTIVES: Angiographic contrasts worsen the renal function in patients with renal failure. We studied the reno-protective action of the antioxidant N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) in patients undergoing coronary procedures. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 51 patients with elevated serum creatinine levels (> or = 15mg%) was done, 24 of whom received NAC prior to the procedure(NAC group) and 27 who did not (Non NAC group). NAC was administered in a dose of 400 mg twice daily for four doses starting on the day prior to the procedure. Both groups of patients were hydrated with 0.45% saline at 1 ml/kg/hr for 12 hours prior to and 12 hours following the procedure. Both groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, coronary risk profile, myocardial infarction history, left ventricular function and the drugs received. Serum urea and creatinine were measured on the day prior to and the day following the angiographic procedure. RESULTS: Nine out of 51 patients developed more than 0.5mg% rise in serum creatinine level; 1 in the NAC group and 8 in the non NAC group (p<0.05), 24 hours after injection of the contrast medium. In the NAC group mean serum creatinine level decreased from 1.94 +/- 0.56 to 1.67 +/- 0.56 and blood urea from 47.58 +/- 20 to 41.58 +/- 15.1. In the non NAC group serum creatinine increased from 1.75 +/- 0.31 to 1.98 +/- 0.56 and blood urea from 44.96 +/- 15.5 to 52.85 +/- 20.1 (p<0.05). This corresponds to an increase in creatinine clearance from 30ml/min to 35.92ml/min in the NAC group and a decrease from 34.42ml/min to 29.87ml/min in the non NAC group. There was no significant difference in the levels of sodium and potassium before and after the procedure in both the groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that prophylactit administration of N-Acetyl Cysteine along with hydration diminishes the incidence of deterioration of renal function induced by contrast agents in patients with renal insufficiency during coronary angiographic procedures.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed2004

Begomoviruses from mungbeans in Pakistan: epitope profiles, DNA A sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

Monoclonal antibodies raised against particles of African Cassava mosaic virus, Indian Cassava mosaic virus or Okra leaf curl virus were used to test samples collected in Pakistan from begomovirus-infected plants. Epitope profiles obtained from cucurbits resembled those previously reported for Pakistani begomoviruses. In contrast, epitope profiles obtained from legumes showed little diversity and were quite distinct from these. DNA with nucleotide sequences typical of begomovirus DNA A components was amplified from selected mungbean samples. Comparisons of the sequences of the amplified DNA with other begomovirus DNA A sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Pakistani mungbean viruses were isolates of the species Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus, which together with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus represents a distinct lineage of Old World begomoviruses.

Cucurbita↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some isocoumarin and dihydroisocoumarin derivatives.

A new series of the isocoumarin derivatives of ibuprofen, fluribiprofen, naproxen, valproic acid and 1-naphthoic acid have been synthesized via condensation of homophthalic acid with their respective acid chlorides. The conversion of the latter two isocoumarins into (dl)-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins has also been achieved. Most of the synthesized compounds showed antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2001

Regulation of global acetylation in mitosis through loss of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases from chromatin.

Histone acetylation, a reversible modification of the core histones, is widely accepted to be involved in remodeling chromatin organization for genetic reprogramming. Histone acetylation is a dynamic process that is regulated by two classes of enzymes, the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although promoter-specific acetylation and deacetylation has received most of the recent attention, it is superimposed upon a broader acting and dynamic acetylation that profoundly affects many nuclear processes. In this study, we monitored this broader histone acetylation as cells enter and exit mitosis. In contrast to the hypothesis that HATs and HDACs remain bound to mitotic chromosomes to provide an epigenetic imprint for postmitotic reactivation of the genome, we observed that HATs and HDACs are spatially reorganized and displaced from condensing chromosomes as cells progress through mitosis. During mitosis, HATs and HDACs are unable to acetylate or deacetylate chromatin in situ despite remaining fully catalytically active when isolated from mitotic cells and assayed in vitro. Our results demonstrate that HATs and HDACs do not stably bind to the genome to function as an epigenetic mechanism of selective postmitotic gene activation. Our results, however, do support a role for spatial organization of these enzymes within the cell nucleus and their relationship to euchromatin and heterochromatin postmitotically in the reactivation of the genome.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2001

Hepatitis E: review of a disease endemic in Pakistan.

Hepatitis E is enterically transmitted causing a self-limiting illness similar to hepatitis A. However, unlike hepatitis A, immunity to hepatitis E is not life long, hepatitis E is a disease of developing nations with improper sewage disposal and unclean water supplies. It is thought to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in Pakistan, where it has also caused major epidemics. Hepatitis E causes a mild self-limiting illness with no long-term sequelae. However, it is especially severe in pregnant females in the second and third trimesters, in whom it results in a high mortality rate (up to 20%) and an increased incidence of stillbirths. Diagnosis depends on clinical findings and elevated hepatic enzymes. Protection from this disease in endemic areas lies mainly in prevention, as the vaccine for hepatitis E is still in the experimental stage. Provision of clean drinking water, hand washing before eating and proper disposal of sewage has been shown to decrease the incidence of this disease.

Hepatitis E↗
PubMed2000

Apparent failure of ultrasonography to detect adult worms of Brugia malayi.

Adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti, or rather their characteristic movements (the 'filarial dance'), can now be detected in the scrotal lymphatics of microfilaraemic males, using ultrasonography. This ability has been used to delineate the lymphatic pathology of bancroftian filariasis, guide the surgical removal of the adult worms and, most importantly, assess the macrofilaricidal effects of antifilarial drugs. In the present study, the first report of the use of ultrasonography in brugian filariasis, 22 men (aged 18-62 years) with 60-2972 (median = 370) Brugia malayi microfilariae/ml blood were subjected to ultrasonography using a linear, 7.5-MHz probe. In addition, four other men (aged 19-35 years), with W. bancrofti microfilaraemia [28-524 (median = 234) microfilariae/ml], were similarly examined. Adult worms were not detectable in any of the patients with B. malayi parasitaemia but were detected in the scrotal lymphatics of two of the four individuals with W. bancrofti infection. The reasons for the failure to detect adult B. malayi and the limitations of ultrasound as a screening tool are examined. The results highlight the differences between the two species that cause most lymphatic filariasis and the need for rapid development of tools that can be used for the control of brugian lymphatic filariasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Radiofrequency ablation: a cure for tachyarrhythmias.

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a new modality of pennanently curing patients with various tachycardias using radiofrequency energy, a technique evolved in the past decade. RF ablation was performed on 913 patients with different tachyarrhythmias from April, 1994 to July, 1999. There were 491 men and 422 females aged 42 +/- 34 years (range 1 to 76 years). Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was present in 462 patients, accessory pathway mediated atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) in 355 patients (377 accessory pathways) and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 96 patients. Amongst the patients with SVT, 402 had atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 22 had atrial flutter, 20 had ectopic atrial tachycardia and 18 had atrial fibrillation. RF successfully abolished the tachycardia in 400/402 patients (99.5%) with AVNRT, 330/377 (87.5%) accessory pathways in patients with AVRT, 14/22 patients (63.6%) of atrial flutter, 18/20 patients (90%) of atrial tachycardia and 79/96 patients (82.3%) with idiopathicVT. Successful AV nodal ablation with pacemaker implantation was done in 10/18 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate and tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. AV nodal modulation for atrial fibrillation was tried in the remaining 8 patients and was successful in 4 (4/8). The overall success rate for all arrhythmias was 93.6%, and there was no mortality. At a follow-up of 6.8 +/- 5.4 months, there was a recurrence in 34/420 patients (8%), in whom successful re-ablation was performed. One patient with AVNRT and another with a parahisian pathway developed complete heart block and were given pacemakers. One patient developed inferior wall infarction on the next day post RF. There were 4 patients who had pericardial tamponade necessitating pericardiocentesis and 2 patients developed deep vein thrombosis, which was treated conservatively. Thus RF ablation is an effective, safe and curative therapy for various arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Leukophysin: an RNA helicase A-related molecule identified in cytotoxic T cell granules and vesicles.

Leukophysin (LKP) is a 28-kDa protein of CTL and U937 monocytic cells that is located in the membrane of high density granules as well as lighter cytoplasmic granules or vesicles. mAbs to KLP were used to clone a full length cDNA clone with an open reading frame coding for a 235-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 24.3 kDa and two potential transmembrane regions. The nucleotide sequence was highly homologous to the 3' end of human RNA helicase A. Expression of the LKP was confirmed as a reverse transcriptase-PCR product that may be an alternately spliced product of RNA helicase A. The cDNA contained a repetitive motif that was similar to synaptophysin 1, a protein that is important for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. A polyclonal Ab directed against the 17 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of LKP detected the same 28-kDa granule membrane protein as the D545, one of the mAbs used to clone the cDNA. In addition, the D545 mAb reacted strongly with the GST fusion protein of the bacterially expressed LKP cDNA. In confocal immunofluorescence studies, the anti-LKP peptide Ab reacted with granzyme A-negative granules and vesicles in CD8+ CTL lymphocytes from normal and Chediak-Higashi patients. Thus, based on the expression of the C-terminal LKP epitope, vesicular structures an granules have been detected in CTL that are distinct from classical granzyme-containing cytolytic granules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Genetic diversity of Datisca cannabina-compatible Frankia strains as determined by sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene.

The presence of Frankia strains in soil samples collected from northern areas of Pakistan was detected by inoculating Coriaria nepalensis and Datisca cannabina plants. The abundance of compatible Frankia strains in some areas was indicated by profuse nodulation of the host plants, whereas soil samples from other localities failed to result in nodulation. An oligonucleotide probe (COR/DAT) directed against the 16S rRNA gene of the endophytes of Coriaria and Datisca spp. that did not cross-react with the RNA gene of Frankia strains isolated from other hosts was developed. Genetic diversity among Frankia strains nodulating D. cannabina was determined by sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene amplified from nodules induced by soil samples from different localities by PCR. Four types of Frankia sequences and one non-Frankia sequence were detected by hybridization with a Frankia genus probe and the COR/DAT probe as well as by sequence analysis of the cloned PCR products.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1979

A morphological study of atherosclerotic lesions occurring at the root of aorta.

While studying morphological changes in heart 1-3 cm of Aorta was also removed and incidence of atherosclerosis in that portion was studied. In all 110 aortas were examined. Atherosclerotic lesions were observed in 77 aortas (70.0%). The incidence increases with the age and beyond 4th decade all the aortas were affected. Fatty streaks were observed in 2nd decade involving only 7.5% of the total intimal surface and reaching to a maximum of 22.2% in the 3rd decade, followed by a gradual rise to 9.2% in 7th decade. Complicated lesions though occurred in 3rd decade involving 0.7% surface but a maximum coverage (4.5%) was seen in 7th decade. These findings have been discussed in the light of observations of other workers. There is slow progression of fibrous plaques and paucity complicated lesions in Indians as compared to white population. The study has further revealed that the encrustation of mural thrombi is probably the main basis for the progression of the atheromatous lesion.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Factors influencing the normal heart weight--a study of 140 hearts.

Weight of the heart and its various components (muscular and non muscular portions) was measured in 138 specimens. Average heart weight for Indians was comparatively less then that of western population. Difference between the average heart weights for males and females was found to be statistically significant. The heart weight was not influenced by age and body length but by the body built. A statistically significant difference was noticed in emaciated persons. Ventricular weight constituted 50 to 80 percent of the total heart weight. A close correlation between the heart weight and ventricular weight was seen. Ventricular wall thickness did not correlate well with the heart weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Coronary atherosclerosis in Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh. A morphological study.

The present communication deals with the observations of the type and extent of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries obtained from 108 heart specimens. In 81.4% cases the lesions were present. The earliest lesion of fatty streak was noticed in 2nd decade whereas all the cases above 4th decade had atherosclerotic lesion. Fatty streaks involved 4.5% of the intimal surface in 2nd decade, reaching a maximum to 26% in 6th decade and later on receding to 12% in 7th decade. Fibrous plaques were seen in later period of 2nd decade involving 2% of the surface area. There was a slow and tardy progression of the lesion with the maximum involvement of 32% in 7th decade. Complicated lesions were seen in 3rd decade but involved only 7% of the surface in 7th decade. Left coronary artery was involved in 79.62% cases and the right in 78 (72.22%). Salient histomorphological changes as well as degenerative changes occurring in the development of the disease process have been discussed. Main differences in the natural history of the disease in Indians were the slow progression of fibrous plaque and a very low incidence of grade IV lesions (complicated lesions). Marked disparity between the lesions observed in coronary arteries and root of aorta was noticed.

Calcinosis↗