Thyroid eye disease: an unusual presentation.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Hanif
Publications and source records attributed to S Hanif.
Prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a tertiary care hospital setting in Pakistan. METHODS: One hundred and fifty four patients of CAD (115 males and 39 females) were randomly selected from the outpatient department and wards of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi and were scored for depression via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Basic demographic data and disease variables were also collected. RESULTS: The point prevalence of depression in the sample was 37% (31.3% males and 53.8% females). Female sex, income level below Rs. 5000 per month, low education level, outpatient, single earning family member and hypertension were few variables associated positively with depression (p < 0.05). Only one patient was receiving treatment for depression by his cardiologist. CONCLUSION: Depression is prevalent in CAD patients in Pakistan. Economic conditions may pose an additional threat on these patients. Treating physicians (especially cardiologists) need to be aware of this co-morbidity so as to be able to diagnose and adequately manage such patients.
Adult↗
Molecular mechanisms involved in human platelet aggregation by synergistic interaction of platelet-activating factor and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Our recent studies have shown that co-activation of Gq and Gi proteins by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adrenaline show synergism in human platelet aggregation. This study was conducted to examine the mechanism(s) of synergistic interaction of 5-HT and platelet activating factor (PAF) in human platelets. We show that PAF, but not 5-HT, increased platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, low concentrations of 5-HT (2 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation induced by subthreshold concentration of PAF (40 nM) indicating a synergistic interaction between the two agonists and this synergism was blocked by receptor antagonists to either 5-HT or PAF. 5-HT also potentiated the effect of PAF on thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation and phosphorylation of extracellularly regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2). The synergism of 5-HT and PAF in platelet aggregation was inhibited by calcium (Ca2+) channel blockers, verapamil and diltiazem, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U73122, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, indomethacin, and MEK inhibitor, PD98059. These data suggest that synergistic effect of 5-HT and PAF on human platelet aggregation involves activation of PLC/Ca2+, COX and MAP kinase pathways.
Diltiazem↗
Leptin receptor long-form signalling in a human liver cell line.
Expression of the long form of the leptin receptor was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in the human liver cell line WRL68. Leptin (50-200 nM) significantly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT cytoplasmic transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5b in a dose-dependent manner and produced a gel-shift with STAT3- and STAT5-specific oligonucleotides. WRL68 cells therefore provide the first human in vitro hepatocyte system in which to study leptin receptor-mediated signalling and to elucidate the role of leptin in liver.
Carrier Proteins↗
Fatty acids inhibit leptin signalling in BRIN-BD11 insulinoma cells.
The effect of treatment with a 0.03% fatty acid (FA) cocktail on leptin-receptor-mediated STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) activation in the rat insulinoma cell line BRIN-BD11 was investigated. Leptin (10 nM) stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5b. Acute treatment with FAs prevented leptin-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and significantly raised basal STAT5 phosphorylation. A chronic treatment (5 days) of BRIN-BD11 cells with FAs similarly attenuated leptin-stimulated STAT tyrosine phosphorylation. Chronic FA treatment also attenuated prolactin-stimulated STAT5b tyrosine phosphorylation but not interleukin-6-stimulated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the effect is receptor/ligand specific. TaqMan analysis of gene expression following chronic FA treatment showed neither a decrease in the amount of leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA, nor an increase in the negative regulators of STAT signalling, SOCS3 (suppressors of cytokine signalling) or cytokine inducible sequence (CIS). These data demonstrate that FAs modulate leptin and prolactin signalling in beta-cells, implying that high levels of circulating FAs present in obese individuals affect the action of selective cytokines in beta-cell function.
Animals↗
Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Karachi, Pakistan.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among children aged up to 16 years residing in the city of Karachi, Pakistan, during the five years from 1989 to 1993. DESIGN: Retrospective study of incidence using hospital and clinic records. SETTING: The city of Karachi, Pakistan. SUBJECTS: Children satisfying standard criteria for the diagnosis of IDDM, attending treatment facilities for the first time during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of IDDM in this population and its variation by age and sex. RESULTS: The incidence of IDDM in this population is 1.02/100000 per year, which is one of the lowest incidence rates yet reported. CONCLUSIONS: The very low incidence of IDDM, contrasted with the substantially higher incidence among migrants, supports the view that environmental factors are the major determinants of variations in the incidence of this condition between populations.
Adolescent↗
Persistent paralysis after vecuronium administration.
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Humans↗