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Biomedical subjects

S Harikrishnan

Publications and source records attributed to S Harikrishnan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Percutaneous coil closure of recanalised anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

An asymptomatic boy underwent surgical correction of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) with trans-pulmonary artery interruption and saphenous vein grafting to left anterior descending coronary artery. He developed a shunt through the re-canalised pulmonary artery end of the ALCAPA which was successfully embolised using a detachable PDA coil delivered into the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy with Inoue balloon technique and metallic commissurotomy: immediate and short-term follow-up results of a randomized study.

BACKGROUND: The Inoue balloon technique for mitral commissurotomy is well established and carried out worldwide. Metallic commissurotomy is reported to be a cheaper and effective alternative to balloon mitral commissurotomy. METHODS: One hundred patients were randomized into 2 groups to undergo percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy (PTMC) by means of the Inoue balloon technique (IBMC, n = 49) or metallic commissurotomy (PMMC, n = 51). Patients were crossed over to the other technique when the initial technique was a failure. Success of valvotomy, procedure-related complications, and follow-up events of the 2 techniques were compared. RESULTS: Basal echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were similar in both groups. Procedural success was similar in both groups: 45 of 49 procedures (91.8%) in the IBMC group, compared with 46 of 51 procedures (90.18%) in the PMMC group (P = 1.0). Crossover was also comparable, with 1 occurring in the IBMC group, compared with 3 in the PMMC group. Complications such as cardiac tamponade and mitral regurgitation (requiring or not requiring mitral valve replacement) were similar in both groups, with 3 complications in the IBMC group, compared with 4 complications in the PMMC group (P =.29). After a follow-up period of approximately 4 months, both groups had similar event rates and comparable hemodynamic parameters (P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Both IBMC and PMMC are successful means of providing relief from severe mitral stenosis with a gain in valve area and reduction in transmitral gradient. Both techniques have similar procedural success, complication rates, and follow-up events.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Congenital bilateral aplasia of external iliac arteries.

A child with bilateral aplasia of external iliac arteries with normal internal iliac arteries, demonstrated by vascular Doppler and digital subtraction angiography is presented. Popliteal artery is reformed by collaterals. This anomaly is extremely rare.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed2001

Coronary artery fistulae from single coronary artery in a patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Here we report coronary artery fistulae (CAF) arising from a single coronary artery in a patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis. A 62-year-old woman underwent a coronary angiogram prior to mitral valve replacement (MVR). The left coronary artery angiogram showed the right coronary artery arising from the left anterior descending coronary artery. From the distal left circumflex artery, two CAF were seen draining into left atrium. The haemodynamically insignificant fistulae were left alone and patient underwent MVR. Such an association has not been reported so far.

Arterio-Arterial Fistula↗
PubMed2000

Central pulmonary artery anatomy in right ventricular outflow tract obstructions.

We reviewed the cine-angiograms of 190 patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstructions for size and anatomy of pulmonary arteries, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). Patients were grouped into three, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia (group 1, N=86), TOF with pulmonary stenosis (group 2, N=97) and 7 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular septum (group 3). Out of 86 patients in group 1, 49 had PDA alone, 30 had MAPCAs alone, six had both and one had none. In group 2, 31 patients had persistent PDA and one patient had MAPCAS and PDA. A discrete stenosis (DS) of pulmonary artery was seen significantly more in patients with RVOT obstructions associated with PDA compared to patients without PDA (67/84 vs. 5/96). Out of the 84 cases with ducti, 53 had stenosis of the pulmonary artery at the site of ductus insertion. Thus presence of PDA was an important factor in the development of DS. The likely cause of pulmonary artery stenosis in TOF with PDA may be the opposing flows through RVOT and PDA producing a watershed effect at the ductus-pulmonary artery junction. Diffuse hypoplasia of pulmonary arteries (DH) was seen more significantly in RVOT obstructions associated with MAPCAs, compared to other patient groups (19/36 vs. 14/87). These small pulmonary arteries had no discrete stenosis and this diffuse hypoplasia might be the result of inadequate blood flow during intrauterine life [Harikrishnan S, Tharakan J, Titus T, Bhat A, Sivasankaran S, Bimal F, Syam Sunder KR, James, KJ. Central pulmonary artery anatomy in right ventricular outflow tract obstructions. Indian Heart Journal 1997;49:624 (Abstract)[18]].

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1988

Auramine staining in detecting small number of bacilli in skin smears.

Auramine staining has been compared with Ziehl-Neelsen's staining of M. leprae in skin smear slide. The auramine method was found to be more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelsen's method and may be useful in detecting small number of M. leprae in skin smears. The inter-observer variance was minimal with auramine staining.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Combined clofazimine- and dapsone-resistant leprosy. A case report.

A preliminary report is presented on the finding in a patient with lepromatous leprosy relapsing after maintaining clinical inactivity and bacterial negativity with dapsone monotherapy for a period of 23 years. Interestingly, Mycobacterium leprae from the fresh skin lesions revealed resistance to both clofazimine and dapsone by standard mouse foot pad testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Studies on sulphone resistant strains of M. leprae in field and institutionalized cases of leprosy.

The proportions of dapsone resistant strains of M. leprae in cases from the field and in patient institutionalized for treatment were compared. Identification of dapsone resistance was done by mouse-foot-pad experiments carried out in the Laboratory in Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu. A higher percentage of resistance was detected among institutional patients as compared to field cases. The distribution of M.I. ranges of M. leprae in dapsone resistant subjects was not different from that in dapsone sensitive cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mouse foot pad growth of M. leprae in relation to bacteriological index.

A retrospective analysis was made of the mouse foot-pad growth of M. leprae from 35 cases of lepromatous leprosy with B.I. ranging from 1.33 to 4.0 (Dharmendra scale). Of these 35 cases, 6 were found to be harbouring dapsone resistant bacilli and 18 cases sensitive bacilli. In 11 of them there was no growth in the control group of animals. The analysis showed that there was no difference in the mean B.I. between those showing no growth and those showing growth in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd harvest. A minimum B.I. around 1.5 is considered adequate for positive foot-pad takes. Another interesting observation made in the study was that the growth rate in the control group foot-pads was consistently higher in mice receiving dapsone resistant bacilli as compared to those inoculated with bacilli, sensitive to the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bacteriological study of trophic ulcers in leprosy patients (a preliminary study).

Swabs from trophic ulcers from 108 cases were studied by culture. 37 cases yielded single organism (Ps. aeruginosa, 18, Proteus species 11, Staph. pyogenes 4, Others 4). 71 cases yielded mixed growth with two or more organisms. Ps. aeruginosa, Proteus species and Diphtheroids were the predominant organisms in these cultures. Ps. aeruginosa was sensitive to Gentamycin (96.6%), Streptomycin (62.7%) and Chloramphenicol (33.9%). Other organisms although comparatively more sensitive showed a similar pattern.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBsAg) in leprosy patients.

The detection of the presence of Hepatitis-B-Surface antigen (HBsAg) using Indirect Haemagglutination technique (IHA) was carried out in 134 Lepromatous Leprosy cases (LL), 22 Lepromatous Leprosy cases during ENL reaction (LL with ENL), 24 Borderline leprosy (BL) cases, 7 Borderline Tuberculoid cases (BT) and 31 control subjects. The maximum percentage positivity of 32% was seen in cases with LL as compared to 6.2% in controls. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serological study for presence of C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti streptolysin O in leprosy cases.

Serological tests for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), Rheumatoid factor (RE) and Anti Streptolysin 'O' (ASLO) antibodies employing latex test were carried out in 120 cases of active lepromatous leprosy, 14 LL cases with ENL during active and subsided phases and 25 controls. Out of 120 LL cases 25.8% gave a positive reaction to CRP and ASLO. Only 4.2% of the cases with LL were positive for Rheumatoid factor. None of the controls showed positive reaction in these tests. During ENL, 100% of the sera showed positive test for CRP as against 35.7% during subsidence of reaction. Tests for RF were positive in 28.5% of the cases ENL as compared to none during subsided ENL. Raised ASLO titers were noticed in 38.2% cases with active ENL as against 21.4% during subsided phase of ENL.

Antistreptolysin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and angiographic profile and follow-up of myocardial bridges: a study of 21 cases.

Myocardial bridging describes an angiographic entity, which is any degree of systolic narrowing of a coronary artery observed in at least one angiographic projection. Among the cineangiograms of 3200 patients reviewed, there were 21 cases (19 males) of myocardial bridges--incidence of 0.6 percent. Of these, seven had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, six had atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and remaining eight had no evidence of either. All 21 patients had myocardial bridges in proximal or mid left anterior descending coronary artery. In addition, one case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had whole posterior descending coronary artery under a myocardial bridge. Another case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had a short normal segment of 5 mm inside a long myocardial bridge of 35 mm (tandem myocardial bridges). The length of the bridges varied from 10 to 35 mm (mean 24.5 +/- 4.5 mm) and diameter stenosis during systole varied from 40-90 percent (mean 70 +/- 8%). Two patients had large saccular coronary aneurysms proximal to the muscle bridge. Four of the eight patients who had neither hypertrophic cardiomyopathy nor coronary artery disease presented with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and three of them had regional wall motion abnormality of left descending territory. Of the six patients who had coronary artery disease, one had 60 percent left descending artery lesion and two had recanalized segments proximal to the bridge. Five of the above six patients had significant stenosis of other coronary vessels. Four patients were lost to follow-up (mean period 3.4 +/- 2 years). In the coronary artery disease group, one patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for 3-vessel disease including graft to left descending artery and one developed inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patients in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group and "no hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-no coronary artery disease" group were free of events at last follow-up. Long-term prognosis of isolated myocardial bridges appears to be excellent. Degree of systolic narrowing or length of myocardial bridge does not correlate with event rates on follow-up.

Adult↗