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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Multilocular cystic adenomyoma of the pelvic cavity: A rare clinical and histological entity in a young man.

We report a large complex cystic pelvic mass encountered in a 16-year-old man complaining of perineal discomfort. A large and elastic hard mass was palpated on the right anterior wall of the rectum with no discernible prostate on digital rectal examination. Prostatic tumor markers were elevated. Excretory urography and urethrocystography showed a filling defect with a smooth edge on the right side of the bladder. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass with a mosaic pattern between the right side of the bladder and the rectum. We performed ultrasound-guided transrectal needle core biopsy of the mass. The pathologist suspected hyperplastic glandular epithelium of prostatic origin with focal inflammatory cell infiltration, but there was no sign of malignancy. We thought that the tumor arose from the prostate. Surgery was successfully performed. The tumor was located on the right side of the pelvic cavity and adhered to the right lobe of the seminal vesicle. En bloc excision was performed. This lesion histologically proved to be a multilocular prostatic tissue with a seminal vesicle component, without communication to the surrounding tissue. Such a lesion has not previously been reported in the literature.

Adenomyoma↗
PubMed1999

Characteristic cytokine products of Th1 and Th2 cells in hemodialysis patients.

Dysfunction of the host defense against infection in hemodialysis (HD) patients has major clinical and socioeconomic implications. T helper type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) cytokines are implicated in regulating the immune responses and, therefore, may be involved in impaired status. The present study was designed to examine Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in 22 stable HD patients (aged 63 +/- 11 years) and 22 healthy controls (aged 60 +/- 6 years). The T cell activity was significantly retarded in HD patients as compared with normal persons. The proportions of T cytotoxic/suppressor cells and natural killer cells were significantly higher in HD patients than in controls. In contrast, the proportions of T helper/inducer and B cells were significantly lower in HD patients than in controls. The production of interleukin (IL) 2, which is involved in cell-mediated immune responses, and the production of IL-4 and IL-10, which affect humoral immunity, were significantly lower in patients than in controls. The production of IL-12 by macrophages and of interferon gamma by Th1 cells was significantly higher in HD patients than in controls. The concentration of plasma sIL-2R was significantly higher in patients than in controls. These results suggest that both cellular immunity induced by Th1 and humoral immunity induced by Th2 decrease in HD patients, but that improved IL-12 secretion by macrophages activated natural killer cells to produce interferon gamma, which in turn induced macrophage activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hyperosmolarity-induced interleukin-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

The changes in airway osmolarity have been described to contribute to the production of exercise- induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and the development of the late-phase response (LPR). The mechanism has been investigated; however, the responsiveness of bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) to hyperosmolarity and the intracellular signals leading to cell activation have not been determined. In this study, we examined the effect of hyperosmolar medium on interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase ( JNK) in human BEC in this response in order to clarify the intracellular signals regulating IL-8 expression in hyperosmolarity-stimulated BEC. The results showed that hyperosmolarity induced IL-8 expression in a concentration dependent manner, p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and activation, and JNK activation whether NaCl or mannitol was used as the solute. SB 203580 as the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor inhibited hyperosmolarity-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and partially inhibited hyperosmolarity-induced IL-8 expression. These results indicate that p38 MAP kinase, at least in part, regulates hyperosmolarity-induced IL-8 expression in BEC. However, other signals such as JNK are possibly also involved. These results provide new evidence on the mechanism responsible for the development of the LPR induced by EIB, and a strategy for treatment with the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1999

A patient with preclinical Cushing's syndrome and excessive DHEA-S secretion having unilateral adrenal carcinoma and contralateral adenoma.

We report a case of preclinical Cushing's syndrome in a 54-year-old male associated with bilateral adrenocortical tumours. Physical findings and general laboratory data were unremarkable except for mild hypertension (158/90 mmHg) and impaired glucose tolerance. Endocrinological evaluation revealed the presence of autonomous cortisol secretion including unsuppressible serum cortisol by 8 mg dexamethasone test (11 microg/dl), high serum DHEA-S (3580 ng/ml, normal: 400-3500) and increased urinary 17-KS excretion (31.0-35.8 mg/day, normal: 5.8-21.3). CT scan demonstrated the presence of tumours in both adrenals and bilateral adrenalectomy was subsequently performed. Histological examination of the resected specimens revealed an adrenocortical carcinoma on the right side and an adenoma on the left side with noticeable cortical atrophy in non-neoplastic adrenals. Immunohistochemical study of steroidogenic enzymes demonstrated that all the steroidogenic enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis were expressed in both right and left adrenal tumours. Enzymatic activities of 21, 17alpha, 18, 11beta-hydroxylases were detected in both right and left adrenals except for the absence of 11beta-hydroxylase activity in the left adrenal adenoma. Results of in vitro tissue steroidogenesis examined in short-term tissue culture of the specimens revealed no significant differences between carcinoma and adenoma in cortisol production, but the production of adrenal androgens in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenoma, which may indicate the importance of evaluating adrenal androgen levels in patients with adrenocortical neoplasms.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1999

Atypical X-linked agammaglobulinemia diagnosed in three adults.

OBJECT: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is one of the most common humoral immunodeficiencies characterized from childhood by the absence of peripheral B lymphocytes, reduced levels of serum immunoglobulins and recurrent and severe bacterial infections. These characteristics are the result of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) protein deficiency in peripheral B lymphocytes. In addition to typical XLA, several atypical cases have been recognized, who exhibited mild or even no clinical symptoms, although they were definitely deficient in Btk protein (atypical XLA). In these patients peripheral B lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) are detectable though at a lower level than in normal people. To clarify the discrepancies between the Btk gene mutations and the phenotypes more atypical patients should be examined. In this study we evaluated the cytoplasmic Btk protein in peripheral monocytes of some hypogammaglobulinemia adults by means of flowcytometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heparinized venous blood samples were collected from some hypogammaglobulinemia adults. Mononuclear cells were separated from their blood and first reacted with a phycoerythrin-labeled CD14 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (staining of monocyte membrane). Next, the cells were fixed and permeabilized. And then these permeabilized cells were reacted with an anti-Btk MoAb (staining of cytoplasmic Btk protein) and incubated with a FITC-conjugated goat antimouse IgG1. The double-stained cells were analyzed on a flowcytometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By means of flowcytometric analysis we diagnosed three hypogammaglobulinemia adults as XLA, who did not show typical clinical progress of XLA. Advancements in diagnostic methods has facilitated a prompt and definite diagnosis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

After-effect of entrainment on the period of human circadian system.

The purpose of the present study is to examine changes of the circadian period in humans during temporal isolation, where the circadian rhythm is free-running. Twelve young males each spent 22 d alone in a temporal isolation room. Rectal temperature was continuously recorded and plasma melatonin was measured on day 3 (D3) and from days 10 to 13 (D10-D13). The light intensity in the room was less than 100 lx during the waking period. The free-run period of temperature rhythm from D3 to D10 (24.75 h) was not significantly different from those of the plasma melatonin rhythm (24.63 h) and sleep-wake cycle (24.69 h). The free-run period of temperature rhythm was 24.58 h in S-1 (D2-D6), which was gradually and significantly lengthened to 24.84 h in S-2 (D6-D10), 25.16 h in S-3 (D12-D16), and 25.18 h in S-4 (D18-D22). The free-run period of rectal temperature rhythm was steadily lengthened throughout the isolation period, which was probably due to the after-effect of previous entrainment to 24-h time cues.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effect of Cladosiphon fucoidan on the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric cells.

We studied the inhibitory effect of Cladosiphon fucoidan on the attachment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gastroduodenal pathogen, to human gastric cell lines. The bacterial binding in these cell lines was inhibited more by Cladosiphon fucoidan (IC50 = 16-30 mg/mL), than by the fucoidan from Fucus (IC50 > 30 mg/mL). Dextran sulfate, another sulfated polysaccharide, did not inhibit the binding at all. Pre-incubating the bacterial suspension with fucoidans reinforced the inhibitory ability of these components, and reduced the IC50 value of Cladosiphon fucoidan to approximately 1 mg/mL. However, the binding was not inhibited by pre-treatment of gastric cells with these components. It was also shown that this fucoidan blocks both Leb- and sulfatide-mediated attachment of H. pylori to gastric cells. Furthermore, fucoidan-binding proteins were found on the H. pylori cell surface by Western blot analysis. Thus, the inhibitory effect exerted by Cladosiphon fucoidan on binding between H. pylori and gastric cells might result from the coating with this component of the bacterial surface.

Antigens↗
PubMed1999

[Multiple primary cancers of oral cavity and pharynx].

Multiple primary cancers were found in 23 of 68 patients (34%) with an index cancer in the oral cavity or pharyngeal area treated in our institute from June 1995 to July 1998. Four cases had triple primary cancers. All 68 cases underwent upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy as well as ultrasonography of the liver. Lung CT was performed in cases with abnormal findings on chest roentgenograms. Multiple cancers were found in 5 of 25 oral cavity cases (20%), 6 of 14 mesopharynx cases (43%) and 12 of 29 hypopharynx cases (41%). Nine of 23 cases (39%) were synchronous and 14 (61%) were metachronous. Eighteen of 27 (69%) secondary cancers occurred in the upper aerodigestive tract with an especially high incidence (22%) in the esophagus. Gastroendoscopy also revealed 7 neoplastic lesions, aside from cancers, with the total abnormal rate of 24% (24/68). Thus, gastroendoscopy is useful for the diagnosis of multiple primary cancers. The frequency of multiple primary cancers in males (33%) was not different from that in females (35%). The average age of multiple primary cancer patients (65.1 years) was a little higher than that of single cancer patient (62.7 years). Smoking or drinking was not related to the incidence of multiple cancers. The interval between the first and the second cancer in metachronous cancer cases was 25.5 months on average, and within 4 years in 71% (10/14) of the cases. This result suggests that close follow-up including endoscopy should be required for at least 4 years after treatment of oral or pharyngeal cancer. Radical treatment for each of the multiple cancer lesions was performed in 22 of 23 cases, and the mortality rate of multiple primary cancer cases was not significantly different from that of single cancer cases. Among 7 cases who died of disease, 5 cases died of distant metastasis, suggesting that control of distant metastasis is an important issue in the treatment of multiple primary cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Simultaneous reconstruction of pharyngoesophagus and phonetic shunt following laryngopharyngoesophagectomy].

Because of its many advantages, free jejunal transfer has gained wide acceptance for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction after ablative surgery. Because the jejunum is well vascularized, it facilitates good wound healing, and has a low incidence of anastomotic insufficiency, fistula formation and stricture. However, voice rehabilitation in this group of patients can be difficult. Therefore, we performed primary tracheojejunal shunt operations for voice restoration with jejunum siphons using Nozaki's method (type 3). In this procedure, after dividing a section of the jejunum into two segments, the reconstructed neopharyngoesophagus is anastomosed in a side-to-end fashion to the fabricated shunt using the other segment of the jejunum, as an "elephant nose shunt" so called because of its appearance. Voice restoration can be achieved in patients who undergo laryngopharyngoesophagectomy through these reconstructive procedures. We performed this surgery for nine hypopharyngeal cancer patients after total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy. Following placement of the shunt, no special care was required. Only one patient developed a severe aspiration. No leakage was seen and the swallowing function was preserved in all patients. Four of nine patients could speak well following these procedures. A vibratory source is created in the neoesophagus, above the elephant shunt. During speech production, narrowing of the inside and vibration of the jejunal mucosa can be observed using a laryngeal fiber scope. In order to study the acoustical characteristics of shunt speech, voice analysis was performed in patients with restored phonatory function using Computerized Speech Lab Model 4300 (KAY). Irregularities of pitch periods in the voice sample were measured using Jita (the pitch period) and Jitt (relative evaluation of the pitch) for the very short term (cycle-to-cycle), and PPQ (pitch period pertubation quotient) for the short term (cycle-to-cycle with a smoothing factor of 5 periods). Irregularities of the peak-to-peak amplitude were measured using ShdB (evaluation in dB of the peak-to-peak amplitude) and Shim (relative evaluation of the peak-to-peak amplitude) for the very short term (cycle-to-cycle), and APQ (amplitude perturbation quotient) for the short term (cycle-to-cycle with a smoothing factor of 11 periods). The pertubation parameters of shunt speech are larger than normal ones not only in terms of the period but also in terms of the amplitude. These results are similar to those of laryngeal polyps, recurrent nerve palsy and esophageal speech. Recovery of phonation using Nozaki's type 3 method with the elephant nose shunt appears promising for pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomized patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Indication of tracheostomy for advanced oral or mesopharyngeal cancer resection].

In advanced oral or mesopharyngeal cancer requiring reconstruction, preventive tracheostomy have been performed to insure an airway postoperatively. However, tracheostomy often causes difficulty in swallowing and stress in the postoperative period for the patients. We have devised a strategy to avoid tracheostomy as much as possible in the cases requiring reconstruction except for the cases with over 2/3 resection of the base of the tongue or with prospective difficulty of re-intubation. Eleven cases were treated without tracheostomy out of 20 cases operated on with reconstruction in our hospital from 1995 through 1997. These patients were managed under nasal intubation for less than 2 days on average with careful observation postoperatively. In 11 non-tracheostomized cases, 1 case experienced venous thrombosis of a free flap and tracheostomy was performed at the salvage operation. Other 10 non-tracheostomized case were compared with 10 tracheostomized cases who were treated from 1991 though 1995. It was revealed that non-tracheostomized cases tended to have shorter periods until they could speak or eat, and also have a shorter postoperative admission term. In these cases, we have not experienced serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia or dyspnea, instead, special care in the postoperative period was needed. Thus, certain advanced cases who undergo curative resection followed by reconstruction can be managed without tracheostomy. The indication of tracheostomy in surgery for oral or mesopharyngeal cancer should be decided carefully.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

WF14861, a new cathepsins B and L inhibitor produced by Colletotrichum sp. II. Biological properties.

WF14861, 3-(N-(1-(N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)carbamoyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl )ethyl)carbamoyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid, was obtained from the culture mycelium of Colletotrichum sp. as a novel cathepsins B and L inhibitor. WF14861 also showed inhibitory activities against bone derived crude protease and other cysteine proteases in vitro. The compound ameliorated the tissue damage and the bone destruction models of low-calcium-diet-fed mouse and adjuvant arthritis rat model.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[A case of giant transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate].

A 69-year-old man presented with a complaint of pollakisuria, dysuria and anal pain. Digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography and tumor marker of the prostate indicated a giant benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH), but urethrocystogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate was not typical of BPH. A diagnosis of giant BPH was made by transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate. However, symptoms of dysuria and anal pain became severe and then a catheter was indwelt into his bladder. A biopsy performed, 3 months later revealed transitional cell carcinoma in the specimens, but he suddenly died of pulmonary infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Hydrolytic activity is essential for aceclofenac to inhibit cyclooxygenase in rheumatoid synovial cells.

To investigate the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aceclofenac in humans, we studied the metabolism of aceclofenac in detail in primary cultured synovial cells of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Aceclofenac and 4'-hydroxyaceclofenac are the major compounds in human blood after the administration of aceclofenac, but they had no inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) activity or COX expression in the rheumatoid synovial cells. In contrast, aceclofenac and 4'-hydroxyaceclofenac reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by the rheumatoid synovial cells. We also observed that aceclofenac and 4'-hydroxyaceclofenac were hydrolyzed into the COX inhibitors diclofenac and 4'-hydroxydiclofenac, respectively, by the rheumatoid synovial cells. However, the hydrolytic activity differed markedly among the cell preparations. Because the suppressive potency of aceclofenac and 4'-hydroxyaceclofenac against the PGE2 production was proportionally correlated with the hydrolytic activity in rheumatoid synovial cell preparations, we suggest that the suppressive effects of aceclofenac and 4'-hydroxy aceclofenac on PGE2 production are facilitated by the hydrolytic activity in rheumatoid synovial cells.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1999

The suppression of metastases and the change in host immune response after low-dose total-body irradiation in tumor-bearing rats.

We have shown that metastasis is suppressed by low-dose total-body irradiation (TBI) in tumor-bearing rats. We have evaluated the immunological effects of low-dose TBI. Total-body irradiation with 0.2 Gy was given 14 days after the implantation of 5 x 10(5) allogenic hepatoma cells (KDH-8) which produce transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). On day 21, the splenocytes and tumor-tissue infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed by FACScan and RT-PCR for the mRNA of the genes that encode tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), TGF-beta, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and IL-6. The same procedure was conducted with untreated rats and with rats that underwent local irradiation with 0.2 Gy. The low-dose TBI significantly decreased the incidence of lung and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), whereas the same dose of local irradiation had no effect on the incidence of metastasis. The proportion of CD8+ cells in splenocytes increased in the low-dose TBI group (P < 0.01) compared to the locally irradiated and the untreated groups. The tumor-tissue infiltrating lymphocytes were also significantly increased after low-dose TBI (P < 0.01). The FACScan analysis revealed that 72% of the tumor-tissue infiltrating lymphocytes were CD8+. In both spleen and tumor tissue after low-dose TBI, mRNA expression of the genes that encode IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased, while that of the Tgfb gene decreased. There was no expression of the mRNAs of the Il4, Il6 and Il10 genes. CD8+ cells and the cytokine network may play an important role in the antitumor effect of low-dose TBI.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Acute myelocytic leukemia and plasmacytoma secondary to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a long-term survivor of small cell lung cancer].

A 68-year-old man was given a diagnosis of lung cancer of the right upper lobe (small cell carcinoma, T 4 N 2 M 0, stage IIIB) in February 1991. The tumor diminished after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In February 1992, a partial resection of the lower lobe of the right lung was performed because of the appearance of a metastatic tumor. In September 1994, squamous cell carcinoma developed in the lower part of the esophagus, but disappeared after radiotherapy. In February 1998, a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome was made. Two months later, the patient had an attack of acute myelocytic leukemia and died of cardiac tamponade. An autopsy determined that both the lung cancer and esophageal cancer had disappeared. Acute myelocytic leukemia and plasmacytoma of lymph nodes in the irradiated area were confirmed. These were regarded as secondary malignancies induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Angiography of occlusive vascular disease].

Angiography is still "the gold standard" of diagnosis of arterial and venous disease. With improvement of equipment, materials and contrast media, angiography has become less invasive and increased its image quality. Because the resolution of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been improved and the size of image intensifier has become large enough, DSA is being substituted for conventional angiography. Rotational DSA and stepping DSA have made it possible to evaluate a vessel from multi-direction or the whole lower extremity with one injection of contrast media. Improvement of catheter, guide wire and contrast media has reduced complications and made angiography less invasive examination. Progress of angiography contributes to interventional radiology, which uses the technique of angiography for therapy.

Angiography↗