PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar (204/96) isolated from imported diarrheal cases in Japan].

Five Shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in Japan, did not react to any antisera of the established Shigella serovars. These strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of Shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical. All strains were positive in the Sereny test and other tests for invasivness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. The results of antigenic analysis revealed that they did not belong to any of the recognized or provisional serovars, and were serologically indistinguishable. They had the same drug-resistance pattern (CP.TC.SM.ABPC.ST) and plasmid-profile. Strain 96-204 is designated as the test strain for this new serovar.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Role of alveolar macrophages in initiation and regulation of inflammation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

To evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice, AMs were depleted by aerosol inhalation of liposomes containing clodronate disodium. AM-depleted mice were then intratracheally infected with 5 x 10(5) CFU of P. aeruginosa. In addition to monitoring neutrophil recruitment and chemokine releases, lung injury was evaluated soon after infection (8 h) and at a later time (48 h). At 8 h, depletion of AMs reduced neutrophil recruitment, chemokine release, and lung injury. At 48 h, however, depletion of AMs decreased bacterial clearance and resulted in delayed movement of neutrophils from the site of inflammation with aggravated lung injury. With instillation of 5 x 10(7) CFU of bacteria, AM-depleted mice showed low mortality within 24 h of infection but high mortality at a later time, in contrast to non-AM-depleted mice. These results demonstrate that depletion of AMs has beneficial early effects but deleterious late effects on lung injury and survival in cases of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Effects of chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on renal function and histology in polycythemic rats.

Augmented endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production may ameliorate derangement of renal functions or glomerular damage in polycythemia. To investigate this possibility, we examined the effect of NO synthase inhibition with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mg/dl in drinking water) on renal functions and histology in heminephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 4 weeks with recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EP; 500 IU/kg on alternate days). L-NAME elevated the blood pressure which was aggravated by concomitant rh-EP and was ameliorated by treatment with a nonpeptide angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (CV116; 60 mg/kg in chow). The hematocrit level was prominently increased by rh-EP. The glomerular filtration rate was impaired by L-NAME alone, but was maintained by concomitant administration of rh-EP or CV116. Micropuncture experiments revealed that the glomerular capillary pressure was similarly elevated by L-NAME alone or in combination with rh-EP. L-NAME significantly, although not prominently, aggravated glomerular sclerosis observed with rh-EP alone, and concomitant CV116 ameliorated the glomerular damage. These results suggest that, in polycythemia, enhanced NO production buffers the glomerular damage, and the balance between NO and angiotensin II may play an important role in maintaining renal function and glomerular structure.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

Solitary bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung.

A case of an unusual pulmonary neoplasia, called bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung, is reported. The neoplasm presented as a solitary peripheral lesion of the left lung on computed tomography. Examination of the tumor revealed a focal proliferating lesion consisting of cuboidal or peg-shaped epithelial cells with slight nuclear atypia. Immunohistochemical study with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody, anti-surfactant apoprotein antibody, and anti-Clara cell antibody suggested that this neoplasia has the characteristics of a type II pneumocyte. It is likely that more of these small peripheral lesions, which have potential for evolution to carcinoma, will now be encountered due to the introduction of helical CT of the chest.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages of ARDS following sepsis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the pathogenesis of ARDS following sepsis. SETTING: ICU in a university hospital. DESIGN: Prospective exploratory, open-labeled study was carried out. PATIENTS: A total of 24 patients were investigated: 8 patients diagnosed as having ARDS following sepsis (ARDS group); 8 patients under general anesthesia in the operating room whose lung functions were normal (control group); and 8 patients who were intubated and artificially ventilated for 1 week in the ICU whose lung functions were not deteriorated without fulfilling the ARDS criteria and whose general state fulfilled the sepsis criteria (long-term ventilation group, or LTV group). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The expression of iNOS, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in AMs obtained from BAL fluid (BALF) was determined by the immunofluorescent technique. We observed the significant expression of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-8 only in the ARDS group. Meanwhile, NOx (the sum of NO2- + NO3-) was elevated in the BALF supernatant, and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in both the BALF supernatant and the serum were also elevated in the ARDS group. No significant expressions were detected in the control and the LTV group. CONCLUSIONS: The result that iNOS was detected only in ARDS patients following sepsis suggests that iNOS together with proinflammatory cytokines produced by AMs might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and be useful for monitoring disorders in the lung in such conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The acoustic reflex for filtered broadband stimuli: a lesser contribution of the lower frequency neurons.

The effects of the cut-off frequency of the filtered broadband stimuli on the human acoustic reflex (AR) were examined to observe the relation between the area of excitation in the cochlea and the AR response. The results obtained have indicated that all the input from the cochlear region does not equally contribute to trigger the AR equally; i.e., there is a lesser contribution from the frequency region below 700 Hz.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effect of oral feeding of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on immunoglobulin E production in mice.

We investigated the effect of oral feeding of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in mice. The strain was orally administered to BALB/c mice that had been preinjected intraperitoneally with ovalbumin, and the level of IgE in serum was determined. Results indicated that the oral feeding of L. casei strain Shirota was effective in inhibiting IgE production in serum, and the IgE production in response to ovalbumin was significantly inhibited in the mice. The in vitro production of IgE by the spleen cells from mice fed L. casei strain Shirota in response to restimulation with ovalbumin was inhibited in contrast to that of spleen cells from the control group. We also examined the pattern of cytokine production by spleen cells from mice fed L. casei strain Shirota followed by restimulation with ovalbumin in vitro. In the mice fed L. casei strain Shirota, the production by the spleen cells of Th1 cell-associated cytokines, such as interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, was higher than that by the spleen cells from the control group. In contrast, the production of Th2 cell-associated cytokines, such as interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, by spleen cells in the group fed L. casei strain Shirota was lower than that by the cells from the control group. Furthermore, the interleukin-12 production of the spleen cells from mice fed L. casei strain Shirota was also higher than that of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Heterogeneous induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by wild-type p53 gene transfection.

To examine the effects of wild-type (wt)-p53 gene transfer on cancer cell growth and apoptosis induction, we transduced human wt-p53 cDNA into three colon cancer cell lines either with or without a mutation of the p53 gene using the HVJ-cationic liposome method. Wt-p53 gene transfer, thus, induced an apparent growth arrest in all cell lines, but its enhancement of the apoptotic rate varied (from about 4 to 70 times). The simultaneous doxorubicin treatment was able to enhance growth arrest and the apoptosis induction rate. These findings suggest that wt-p53 gene transfer using HVJ-cationic liposomes seems to be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy, however wt-p53 gene transfer still appears to be more effective in combination with other cytotoxic treatments.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

WA8242A1, A2 and B, novel secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors produced by Streptomyces violaceusniger. II. Biological properties.

WA8242A1, A2 and B, novel inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2), were obtained from Streptomyces violaceusniger No. 8242. WA8242B inhibited secretory group I and II PLA2s in a dose-dependent manner. The mode of inhibition of group II PLA2 by WA8242B was in competitive fashion. WA8242B inhibited group II PLA2-induced Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, WA8242B was effective in mouse zymosan writhing model.

2-Aminoadipic Acid↗
PubMed1998

[Estimated numbers of patients with intractable respiratory diseases].

To estimate the number of patients with intractable respiratory diseases, we conducted a two-stage nationwide epidemiological survey in 1997. The first survey was performed at randomly sampled hospitals to identify the number of patients treated. The second survey sought detailed clinico-epidemiological data on the patients reported in the first survey. The response rates were 54% for the first survey and 62% for the second. Based on the survey findings, we derived the following nationwide estimates: 450 patients (95% confidence interval: 360-530) with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; 230 (200-260) with primary pulmonary hypertension; 180 (150-210) with obesity-associated hypoventilation syndrome; 40 (30-50) with primary alveolar hypoventilation syndrome; 160 (140-180) with histiocytosis X; and 190 (150-230) with juvenile pulmonary emphysema.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire].

The reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were evaluated. Subjects were 72 (36 men and 36 women) residents of N island, Shimane Prefecture in Japan, aged 50-76 years. The questionnaire was administered twice at an interval of one week (FFQ1, FFQ2), and 7-day weighing diet records were collected during that period. This protocol was conducted in summer and winter. The mean intakes for 11 nutrients calculated from the FFQ1 and FFQ2 were similar and, those from the FFQ1 were smaller than those from the diet records for all but fat and vitamin C. Pearson correlation coefficients assessing reproducibility between nutrient intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0.59 for vitamin C to 0.90 for carbohydrate. Validity was measured by comparing nutrient intakes from FFQ1 with those from the 7-day diet record, and Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 for iron to more than 0.35 for total energy and macronutrients. These correlation coefficients showed slight difference by gender or age group, but did not vary materially between seasons. These data indicate that this questionnaire is reproducible but has some problems in validity.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The role of alpha1-adrenoceptors in the clonidine-induced contraction and relaxation of rat aorta.

Clonidine causes dilatation of the aorta in the presence of endothelium, while it causes contraction of the aorta in the absence of endothelium. The present study was carried out to clarify the role of alpha-1-adrenoceptors in the vascular action of clonidine. The aortic rings were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) medium, and the effects of alpha-1- and alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonists on the clonidine-induced contractions were measured. Moreover, the role of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) response was examined. The aortic slices were incubated in K-H medium containing, [3H]myo-inositol and clonidine. The formation of [3H]inositol monophosphate (IP1) was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. Clonidine caused contraction of the aorta in the absence of endothelium, in a dose-dependent manner. This contraction was inhibited by antagonists in the following order of the potency: prazosin > phentolamine > spiperone > urapidil = yohimbine > L-659066 > atipamezole. On the other hand, clonidine inhibited norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction in the aorta in the absence and in the presence of endothelium. Clonidine enhanced IP1 accumulation in the aorta in the absence of endothelium, whereas it inhibited NE-induced IP1 accumulation in the aorta. The present results show that alpha-1-adrenoceptors are probably involved in the clonidine-induced contraction and relaxation of the rat aorta.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists↗
PubMed1998

Hematopoietic cytokine-dependent differentiation to eosinophils and neutrophils in a newly established acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line with t(15;17).

We recently established an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line (HT93) that has the capacity to differentiate into neutrophils and eosinophils in response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and human hematopoietic cytokines. The cells had a myeloblastic morphology, were positive for surface CD33, CD34, and CD56, and showed the following karyotypes: 46, XY, t(1;12)(q25;p13), 2q+, t(4;6)(q12;q13), and t(15;17)(q22;q11). When the cells were cultured with ATRA, they showed nuclear segmentation and developed secondary granules consisting in part of neutrophils and eosinophils. In the presence of ATRA and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the cells showed polymorphonuclear neutrophil differentiation accompanied by expression of surface CD11b, CD15, CD10, positive activity for neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP), and NAP mRNA expression. In cultures with ATRA and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL (interleukin)-3, or IL-5, HT93 showed remarkable eosinophil maturation at day 8 as determined by luxol fast blue staining, in addition to expression of eosinophil peroxidase and major basic protein. These results indicate that HT93 is an APL cell line with the ability to differentiate into neutrophils and eosinophils, and that these lineages are dependent on the CSF added. HT 93 should prove to be a useful model in analyzing the effects of hematopoietic cytokines on proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗