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Biomedical subjects

S Haynes

Publications and source records attributed to S Haynes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Barriers to screening for breast cancer.

Despite strong epidemiologic evidence that screening for breast cancer with mammography and clinical breast examination results in mortality reductions, and the considerable effort to communicate this message to women and health-care providers, most US women are not screened according to recommended guidelines. Recent investigations have focused on trends in use, and factors associated with physicians' and women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with mammography. Even as use of mammography has increased, the literature suggests that a number of significant impediments to participation in routine screening will need to be addressed to achieve high rates of screening among US women according to recommended guidelines.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Physicochemical action of potassium-magnesium citrate in nephrolithiasis.

Effect of potassium-magnesium citrate on urinary biochemistry and crystallization of stone-forming salts was compared with that of potassium citrate at same dose of potassium in five normal subjects and five patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Compared to the placebo phase, urinary pH rose significantly from 6.06 +/- 0.27 to 6.48 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.0167) during treatment with potassium citrate (50 mEq/day for 7 days) and to 6.68 +/- 0.31 during therapy with potassium-magnesium citrate (containing 49 mEq K, 24.5 mEq Mg, and 73.5 mEq citrate per day). Urinary pH was significantly higher during potassium-magnesium citrate than during potassium citrate therapy. Thus, the amount of undissociated uric acid declined from 118 +/- 61 mg/day during the placebo phase to 68 +/- 54 mg/day during potassium citrate treatment and, more prominently, to 41 +/- 46 mg/day during potassium-magnesium citrate therapy. Urinary magnesium rose significantly from 102 +/- 25 to 146 +/- 37 mg/day during potassium-magnesium citrate therapy but not during potassium citrate therapy. Urinary citrate rose more prominently during potassium-magnesium citrate therapy (to 1027 +/- 478 mg/day from 638 +/- 252 mg/day) than during potassium citrate treatment (to 932 +/- 297 mg/day). Consequently, urinary saturation (activity product) of calcium oxalate declined significantly (from 1.49 x 10(-8) to 1.03 x 10(-8) M2) during potassium-magnesium citrate therapy and marginally (to 1.14 x 10(-8) M2) during potassium citrate therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Breast cancer screening among older racial/ethnic minorities and whites: barriers to early detection.

Screening mammography for early detection of breast cancer has been shown to be an effective method for reducing mortality in older women. Based on the results from the 1987-88 National Health Interview Survey, older minority women have low prevalence rates of screening mammography. Among women aged 75 and older, 83.5% of Black women, 93.2% of Hispanic women, and 75.0% of White women have never had a mammogram. On the average, about 12% of minority women over the age of 65 have had a screening mammogram within the preceding year, compared with about 15% of White women. Among women 75 + years of age, Black and Hispanic women had markedly lower rates of clinical breast examination in the last year (23.4% and 20.5% respectively) as compared to White women (35.2%). The most common reason for not having a mammogram among Black women 65 years of age and older was that the doctor did not recommend a mammogram. For Hispanic and White women in this age group, the most common reason was that a mammogram was not needed or not necessary. Aggressive and creative breast cancer screening activities for minority aged 65 and older are clearly indicated.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1991

Evidence that fatty acid chain length is a type II cell lipid-sorting signal.

This study was undertaken to determine those structural features of phospholipid molecules which influence their enrichment in type II cell lamellar body material. Cultured fetal rabbit lung tissue was labeled with [1-14C]acetate, type II cells were isolated, and extracellular lamellar body and microsomal fractions were prepared. Radiolabeled molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography of HPLC peak fractions that overlapped. Compared with microsomes, lamellar body PC was selectively enriched with molecular species containing 14- and 16-carbon fatty acids and depleted of species containing 18-carbon fatty acids. Palmitoleic acid and an ether linkage positively influenced the enrichment of PC molecular species in the lamellar body material, but these structural features were secondary to the predominant influence of fatty acid chain length. In vivo, lung tissue normally contains low levels of palmitoleic acid; hence most unsaturated fatty acids are 18-carbons or longer. A cellular lipid-sorting mechanism that selects PCs by recognition of 14- and 16-carbon fatty acid chains (and not by recognition of fatty acid saturation) should serve to enrich the resulting pulmonary surfactant with disaturated molecular species of PC.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric morbidity in patients with life-threatening asthma: initial report of a controlled study.

Thirteen patients who have suffered a "near-miss" death of asthma have been compared to 36 patients with asthma who had not experienced such an episode. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences between the groups in their levels of psychiatric morbidity, their degree of life-style and social restrictions or in their levels of compliance with prescribed medication. However, both groups did show higher than expected levels of psychiatric morbidity, severe life-style and social restrictions and an unexpectedly-high compliance with prescribed medication. The main psychiatric diagnoses that were noted were anxiety disorders. It is concluded that more comprehensive asthma education and close medical follow-up are likely to improve the physical and psychological health of asthmatic patients. The high-risk patients in this study who received such follow-up have shown hospital-admission rates that have been reduced by a half while maintaining good asthma control. This South Australian longitudinal study is continuing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Food group system of analysis with special attention to type and amount of fat--methodology.

A system for reporting dietary data in terms of food groups is described. The scheme was developed jointly by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to identify food use patterns in various population groups. The system comprises 14 major groups and 75 minor groups based on major nutrient composition with special attention to fats. One-day dietary recalls from 5,640 participants in the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Prevalence Study were analyzed to determine the frequency of food group usage by males and females in age groups 6 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 59, and 60 and older. Food group use is reported as percent of the population reporting use as obtained by the dietary recall as well as the average number of times each food group was mentioned by the users. LRC food selection patterns are compared with the Dietary Guidelines. Findings in this report indicate that, for the LRC population, some of the foods emphasized in the guidelines are not eaten with a high degree of frequency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A cephalometric study of mandibular changes in modified function regulator (Fränkel) treatment.

A cephalometric study is reported of changes in mandibular dimensions occurring in treatment with a modified function regulator derived from the Fränkel (FR1) appliance; the findings are compared with those observed in a similar group of untreated control children. Both groups consisted of 16 boys and 13 girls with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. The mean age and age range of the groups were similar (114 months and 98 to 132 months, respectively), and the mean period of observation or treatment was 3 years (range 20 to 65 months in control children, 20 to 72 months in those receiving treatment). Statistically highly significant differences (P less than 0.005) were found in the treatment group for dimensions articulare-B point and articulare-1, gonion-B point and gonion-1, occlusal plane length, and posterior border-mandibular incisor distance. Smaller statistically significant differences were observed for the dimension articulare-pogonion, and between the Bolton plane and inferior border of the mandible. The changes appear to affect the relative distances between the anterior structures of the mandible, and articulare and gonion, respectively. The increases observed were between 2 and 3 mm (2.66% to 4.65%); although these values are small in relation to the overall dimensions of the variables investigated, they may significantly affect the clinical result. The most stable dimensions were found to be the posterior border of the mandible, width of the ascending ramus, and the oblique cross section of the mandibular body; these changes varied between 0.19 and 0.43 mm (0.62% to 1.5%).

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1986

Profile changes in modified functional regulator therapy.

Comparison of lateral cephalometric radiographs of treatment and control groups finds the changes achieved with a modified functional regulator are limited to improvement in dental and lip relations. No effects are found on mandibular growth or position in relation to the profile.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1986

Food choices among white adolescents: the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.

Food groups have been widely used in nutrition education but relatively few studies have employed food groups to interpret dietary intake. The 24-h dietary recalls of 534 male and 476 female adolescents, aged 10-19 yr, were analyzed using a food grouping scheme. Foods were grouped with emphasis placed on fats and carbohydrates. Frequency of use and contribution of food groups to the macronutrients were determined. When nutrient intake was analyzed as a percentage of total calories, both males and females were found to have similar profiles. More than 60% of each macronutrient was contributed by combinations of three major food groups. The meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and bread/cereal products food groups contributed 81.2% of the protein; milk/cheese/yogurt, bread/cereal products and sweets accounted for 63.0% of the carbohydrate intake; and 74.3% of the dietary fat consumption was attributable to the meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and fats food groups. There were no notable differences in the food groups used by males and females. However, differences between the sexes emerged when nutrient intakes as a percentage of calories were stratified and food group usage was investigated. Food groups associated with macronutrients that are believed to affect health status have been identified.

Adolescent↗